カルチャー>動画・音声
IBMの爆撃機搭載コンピュータ
1956年頃制作された"On Guard! The Story of SAGE" (Youtube)というIBMの広報作品。紙に計算結果を出力していた時代に、ディスプレイを開発。さらに、モジュラー化により、スペースに制限の多い爆撃機への搭載と、フィールドメンテナンスを実現したことを解説している。
Transcript:
00:10 Your protection comes high. Sky high.
00:20 Today we must be on guard in the sky when it comes to protecting our resources.
00:28 The national resources that are so precious to us.
01:13 The offensive weapons are all here today,
01:15 Supersonic, Super-destructive,
01:25 Seemingly un-resistible.
01:32 To protect the future of America, the defense techniques of tomorrow has to be discovered now.
01:40 They were discovered in electronics.
01:44 That is how SAGE unprecedented computers into military service.
01:48 Electronics for combat means new concept, new tools, new weapon.
01:56 You are listening to the heartbeat of the SAGE computer.
02:00 Every instrument in this room is constantly monitoring, testing, post taking, controlling.
02:08 For this, is the programming and operations center for the SAGE computer which surrounds it.
02:15 To it, come continuous streams of data, which is continuously absorbed and stored on magnetic drum, tape and cores.
02:26 Data from radar unit, Texas towers, picket ships, early-warning aircraft, ground observer Corps, weather bureau,
02:39 to say nothing of up to the minute data on all regularly scheduled commercial air flights.
02:44 it also packs a way of information as to the number, location and characteristics of all military crafts, all anti-aircraft gun, all defensive missiles in the area.
02:58 This computer is on the job around-the-clock with twenty four-hour-a-day reliability.
03:05 It is really two computers.
03:08 But only one is operating the system.
03:11 The other with the same vast memory performs as a slave, checking calculations and results.
03:18 Ready to take over in a matter of seconds, should the master computer fall.
03:23 All this is housed in one of the new headquarters of computer defense, one of directions centers what the air force called SAGE
03:31 Beyond the fantastic capacity for calculation in memory, SAGE possesses the newest and most revolutionary advance in data processing.
03:41 The display scope, a computer-generated visual display, on call, as needed.
03:49 Until SAGE, America loved computer was its ability to calculate in split seconds and then provide printed information
03:58 But SAGE needed more than one.
04:01 For the Lightning shifts of air battle, the Air Force requested IBM a computer capable of translating volumes of changing data into a continuous flow of interpretations which could be understood at a glance.
04:15 Air defense requires split-second presentation as well as split-second calculation.
04:20 Given the subjective, IBM filed latest extension of data processing the display scope, a giant picture tool on which computer results are instantaneously and continuously translated into graphic images
04:38 In SAGE, airmen have battle-visualize board on the computer generated display.
04:44 Two floors above grey computers are the batteries of display scope.
04:50 Although they look like the offspring a marriage between a television tube and a radar screen, display scopes do not show physical images transmitted from elsewhere.
04:59 They display the result of the computers findings.
05:03 SAGE with its display scope also has one feature possessed by neither television nor radar screen.
05:11 It has memory.
05:13 In case of enemy attack, not only can clear picture the changing air situation be displayed on the scope, but if the airman wishes to see how things got that way, the scope can recall any previous page of a situation in the computer's memory.
05:30 By analyzing the paths, SAGE can project into the future.
05:48 The computer can furnish information on the counter measures available, so that the officer in charge can make his choise, as to when and where to fight.
05:57 Once he selected a plan to counterattack, the computer guides interceptors and missiles to the enemy.
06:05 After encounter, the computer guides the interceptors back to their base
06:08 Aladdin's lamp couldn't do more
06:11 What is the most precious commodity that electronics defense wins is time
06:17 Long before the bomber reaches our defense perimeter, the computer's memory will identify it friendly, but ever flight of planes were identified as hostile, then in a matter of minutes...
06:45 Time is everything
06:48 This is electronic defense in depth
06:50 And what better reason for an effective air defense
06:56 But is this protection enough?
06:58 Here is protection too.
07:01 The protection which comes with the possession of weapons of retaliation.
07:05 Just as our differences powers had been advancing, so have our instruments have attack
07:12 Demands of plane warfare require the fantastic ability of modern computers.
07:17 The question was how could the electronic computer be made airborne.
07:22 Problems of consequence when designing a computer for ground installation became overwhelming, when it was proposed to redesign to fit into the jet bombers.
07:34 First the problem of space and weight.
07:37 The interior of a modern bombers cramped for space as it is.
07:41 How can a hulking computer be fit into it
07:44 For every extra pound dead weight carried on, a bomber must add many more gallons of fuel.
07:52 Second, a problem of reliability
07:54 Could a computer be designed to withstand all the stress of flight, weather, climate, turbulence
08:05 Third, maintenance.
08:08 Could a computer be designed for easy ground and air maintenance,
08:13 These and other problems were all finally solved by unique design, and by employing the basic principle of modular construction, the same multiple arrangement principle which was applied to the design of this doll furniture, eable airforce to procure airborne computer.
08:29 By designing an electronic assembly package in self contained unit, which are then joint, then a computer of flexible construction was achieved,
08:38 It can either be installed in a compact unit.
08:41 Or parts can be distributed according to the space available.
08:49 Self-contained units make it easier to achieve durable construction
08:53 And easier to test each unit for reliability, under all conditions an airborne computer is likely to be exposed to and some highly unlikely one.
09:06 High altitudes up to 120,000 feet.
09:10 Low temperatures down to 100 degrees Fahrenheit below zero.
09:15 High temperatures up to 200 degrees Fahrenheit
09:21 Sunlight
09:26 And rain test.
09:30 Life test of mechanical and
09:34 electronic tests and vibration tests,
09:36 In this test, the question is not, will the computer work under the condtions, but how long will it work.
09:44 Once a continued capabilities of the airborne computer were established, there was only one other major obstacle, field maintenance.
09:52 To solve this problem. IBM has drawn its commercial experience.
09:58 It converted its control panels to military.
10:01 In order to test the unit of an airborne computer, the technician merely select the proper control panel.
10:08 He then pluged the units into the test equipment.
10:12 And the signal lights telling whether the units are working or not.
10:15 This puts testing computer units in the same class, this testing likewise.
10:24 Today, the airborne computer is no longer theory,no experiment, so fact.
10:29 Tested, function, practical, and restricted.
10:36 It has gone into production under the label brain, bombing, radar, navigation equipment
10:43 A new plant is being rushed to completion in Owego New York to boost its output,
10:50 Here is a scale model of B 52 showing the relative locations of brain equipment.
10:56 The rest of the system, computers, periscope, and screen are designed to take a minimum space and to give a maximum of use.
11:06 Computers have taken wing.
11:10 Ah Phil, I guess some cross-hairs jitters in both azimuth and elevation
11:16 Would you pull AR-5, replacement the spare.
11:19 Sure done. give in a manner
11:24 It'll only be a second more.
11:28 Yeah I think I got it now
11:31 Okay the amplifiers are placed, has done just now.
11:34 Cell on
11:36 Yeah, it's okay now, thanks well
11:47 And as long as we're on guard, as long as we're ready to look ahead and move ahead, future of America is secure
IBM宣伝動画
SAGEの制御する迎撃ミサイルテストの成功映像を使ったIBMの宣伝動画(1980)
Transcript
0:01 This is where america's peace of mind begin.
0:03 Around-the-clock, radars, electronic eyes, watch the skies and report what they see to SAGE, defense system of the United States Air Force.
0:14 Here is a SAGE center on 24-hour alert.
0:17 At its heart is a computer developed by a research team from MIT and IBM working with the Air force.
0:25 SAGE computer speed the information for decisions by men in our missile age.
0:23 Every scheduled flight across american from peers is recorded ahead of time on IBM punch card then fed into the SAGE computer.
0:40 Now the computer can draw a picture of what is supposed to be sky at any moment.
0:45 It continually compares with expected picture with the real picture at seen by radar.
0:51 If a flying object does not belong, it appears on this viewing screen.
0:57 There's one now at right of the screen.
0:59 They call it a blip, unknown flying object
1:03 Friend or foe, within a second, Air Force will know.
1:06 The officer fires, like-gun, a target blip
1:10 This tells the computer to track the object.
1:12 At the launching site, a long-range bombard missile is ready for firing
1:17 Now they ask computer to copulate the intercept point.
1:20 X marks the spot where the bombard missile would meet the moving target, if fired immediately
1:27 The officer in charge makes the final decision.
1:34 Fire!
1:37 At the moment of launching, a bombard missile receives an instruction from the IBM computer.
1:45 As the missile streams toward target, radar keeps on trucking
1:49 with electronic controlled the computer automatically adjust the missile to meet any change in target flight.
1:55 There is no escape.
2:03 Intercept.
2:04 This was a test, one of many successful tests of SAGE bomber security team, our new system of air defense.
2:13 To be ready for the worst, so the worst will never happen.
2;19 America is now armed with instant electronic reflex.
2:21 SAGE computer made by IBM is another example of advanced new powers that man can achieve through the creative use of his mind
2:32 Strength for national defense
2:34 Speed for informed decision
2:38 Service for a growing America
2:41 This is IBM, freeing man's mind to shape the future.
イメージ動画
SAGEによる迎撃イメージの動画:
IBMの爆撃機搭載コンピュータ 
1956年頃制作された"On Guard! The Story of SAGE" (Youtube)というIBMの広報作品。紙に計算結果を出力していた時代に、ディスプレイを開発。さらに、モジュラー化により、スペースに制限の多い爆撃機への搭載と、フィールドメンテナンスを実現したことを解説している。
Transcript:
00:10 Your protection comes high. Sky high.
00:20 Today we must be on guard in the sky when it comes to protecting our resources.
00:28 The national resources that are so precious to us.
01:13 The offensive weapons are all here today,
01:15 Supersonic, Super-destructive,
01:25 Seemingly un-resistible.
01:32 To protect the future of America, the defense techniques of tomorrow has to be discovered now.
01:40 They were discovered in electronics.
01:44 That is how SAGE unprecedented computers into military service.
01:48 Electronics for combat means new concept, new tools, new weapon.
01:56 You are listening to the heartbeat of the SAGE computer.
02:00 Every instrument in this room is constantly monitoring, testing, post taking, controlling.
02:08 For this, is the programming and operations center for the SAGE computer which surrounds it.
02:15 To it, come continuous streams of data, which is continuously absorbed and stored on magnetic drum, tape and cores.
02:26 Data from radar unit, Texas towers, picket ships, early-warning aircraft, ground observer Corps, weather bureau,
02:39 to say nothing of up to the minute data on all regularly scheduled commercial air flights.
02:44 it also packs a way of information as to the number, location and characteristics of all military crafts, all anti-aircraft gun, all defensive missiles in the area.
02:58 This computer is on the job around-the-clock with twenty four-hour-a-day reliability.
03:05 It is really two computers.
03:08 But only one is operating the system.
03:11 The other with the same vast memory performs as a slave, checking calculations and results.
03:18 Ready to take over in a matter of seconds, should the master computer fall.
03:23 All this is housed in one of the new headquarters of computer defense, one of directions centers what the air force called SAGE
03:31 Beyond the fantastic capacity for calculation in memory, SAGE possesses the newest and most revolutionary advance in data processing.
03:41 The display scope, a computer-generated visual display, on call, as needed.
03:49 Until SAGE, America loved computer was its ability to calculate in split seconds and then provide printed information
03:58 But SAGE needed more than one.
04:01 For the Lightning shifts of air battle, the Air Force requested IBM a computer capable of translating volumes of changing data into a continuous flow of interpretations which could be understood at a glance.
04:15 Air defense requires split-second presentation as well as split-second calculation.
04:20 Given the subjective, IBM filed latest extension of data processing the display scope, a giant picture tool on which computer results are instantaneously and continuously translated into graphic images
04:38 In SAGE, airmen have battle-visualize board on the computer generated display.
04:44 Two floors above grey computers are the batteries of display scope.
04:50 Although they look like the offspring a marriage between a television tube and a radar screen, display scopes do not show physical images transmitted from elsewhere.
04:59 They display the result of the computers findings.
05:03 SAGE with its display scope also has one feature possessed by neither television nor radar screen.
05:11 It has memory.
05:13 In case of enemy attack, not only can clear picture the changing air situation be displayed on the scope, but if the airman wishes to see how things got that way, the scope can recall any previous page of a situation in the computer's memory.
05:30 By analyzing the paths, SAGE can project into the future.
05:48 The computer can furnish information on the counter measures available, so that the officer in charge can make his choise, as to when and where to fight.
05:57 Once he selected a plan to counterattack, the computer guides interceptors and missiles to the enemy.
06:05 After encounter, the computer guides the interceptors back to their base
06:08 Aladdin's lamp couldn't do more
06:11 What is the most precious commodity that electronics defense wins is time
06:17 Long before the bomber reaches our defense perimeter, the computer's memory will identify it friendly, but ever flight of planes were identified as hostile, then in a matter of minutes...
06:45 Time is everything
06:48 This is electronic defense in depth
06:50 And what better reason for an effective air defense
06:56 But is this protection enough?
06:58 Here is protection too.
07:01 The protection which comes with the possession of weapons of retaliation.
07:05 Just as our differences powers had been advancing, so have our instruments have attack
07:12 Demands of plane warfare require the fantastic ability of modern computers.
07:17 The question was how could the electronic computer be made airborne.
07:22 Problems of consequence when designing a computer for ground installation became overwhelming, when it was proposed to redesign to fit into the jet bombers.
07:34 First the problem of space and weight.
07:37 The interior of a modern bombers cramped for space as it is.
07:41 How can a hulking computer be fit into it
07:44 For every extra pound dead weight carried on, a bomber must add many more gallons of fuel.
07:52 Second, a problem of reliability
07:54 Could a computer be designed to withstand all the stress of flight, weather, climate, turbulence
08:05 Third, maintenance.
08:08 Could a computer be designed for easy ground and air maintenance,
08:13 These and other problems were all finally solved by unique design, and by employing the basic principle of modular construction, the same multiple arrangement principle which was applied to the design of this doll furniture, eable airforce to procure airborne computer.
08:29 By designing an electronic assembly package in self contained unit, which are then joint, then a computer of flexible construction was achieved,
08:38 It can either be installed in a compact unit.
08:41 Or parts can be distributed according to the space available.
08:49 Self-contained units make it easier to achieve durable construction
08:53 And easier to test each unit for reliability, under all conditions an airborne computer is likely to be exposed to and some highly unlikely one.
09:06 High altitudes up to 120,000 feet.
09:10 Low temperatures down to 100 degrees Fahrenheit below zero.
09:15 High temperatures up to 200 degrees Fahrenheit
09:21 Sunlight
09:26 And rain test.
09:30 Life test of mechanical and
09:34 electronic tests and vibration tests,
09:36 In this test, the question is not, will the computer work under the condtions, but how long will it work.
09:44 Once a continued capabilities of the airborne computer were established, there was only one other major obstacle, field maintenance.
09:52 To solve this problem. IBM has drawn its commercial experience.
09:58 It converted its control panels to military.
10:01 In order to test the unit of an airborne computer, the technician merely select the proper control panel.
10:08 He then pluged the units into the test equipment.
10:12 And the signal lights telling whether the units are working or not.
10:15 This puts testing computer units in the same class, this testing likewise.
10:24 Today, the airborne computer is no longer theory,no experiment, so fact.
10:29 Tested, function, practical, and restricted.
10:36 It has gone into production under the label brain, bombing, radar, navigation equipment
10:43 A new plant is being rushed to completion in Owego New York to boost its output,
10:50 Here is a scale model of B 52 showing the relative locations of brain equipment.
10:56 The rest of the system, computers, periscope, and screen are designed to take a minimum space and to give a maximum of use.
11:06 Computers have taken wing.
11:10 Ah Phil, I guess some cross-hairs jitters in both azimuth and elevation
11:16 Would you pull AR-5, replacement the spare.
11:19 Sure done. give in a manner
11:24 It'll only be a second more.
11:28 Yeah I think I got it now
11:31 Okay the amplifiers are placed, has done just now.
11:34 Cell on
11:36 Yeah, it's okay now, thanks well
11:47 And as long as we're on guard, as long as we're ready to look ahead and move ahead, future of America is secure
IBM宣伝動画
SAGEの制御する迎撃ミサイルテストの成功映像を使ったIBMの宣伝動画(1980)
Transcript
0:01 This is where america's peace of mind begin.
0:03 Around-the-clock, radars, electronic eyes, watch the skies and report what they see to SAGE, defense system of the United States Air Force.
0:14 Here is a SAGE center on 24-hour alert.
0:17 At its heart is a computer developed by a research team from MIT and IBM working with the Air force.
0:25 SAGE computer speed the information for decisions by men in our missile age.
0:23 Every scheduled flight across american from peers is recorded ahead of time on IBM punch card then fed into the SAGE computer.
0:40 Now the computer can draw a picture of what is supposed to be sky at any moment.
0:45 It continually compares with expected picture with the real picture at seen by radar.
0:51 If a flying object does not belong, it appears on this viewing screen.
0:57 There's one now at right of the screen.
0:59 They call it a blip, unknown flying object
1:03 Friend or foe, within a second, Air Force will know.
1:06 The officer fires, like-gun, a target blip
1:10 This tells the computer to track the object.
1:12 At the launching site, a long-range bombard missile is ready for firing
1:17 Now they ask computer to copulate the intercept point.
1:20 X marks the spot where the bombard missile would meet the moving target, if fired immediately
1:27 The officer in charge makes the final decision.
1:34 Fire!
1:37 At the moment of launching, a bombard missile receives an instruction from the IBM computer.
1:45 As the missile streams toward target, radar keeps on trucking
1:49 with electronic controlled the computer automatically adjust the missile to meet any change in target flight.
1:55 There is no escape.
2:03 Intercept.
2:04 This was a test, one of many successful tests of SAGE bomber security team, our new system of air defense.
2:13 To be ready for the worst, so the worst will never happen.
2;19 America is now armed with instant electronic reflex.
2:21 SAGE computer made by IBM is another example of advanced new powers that man can achieve through the creative use of his mind
2:32 Strength for national defense
2:34 Speed for informed decision
2:38 Service for a growing America
2:41 This is IBM, freeing man's mind to shape the future.
イメージ動画
SAGEによる迎撃イメージの動画:
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