初めてのイド語

xxxxxxxxxx Averto por la lernanti di(n) "advanced lessons (21-30)" xxxxxxxxxxxx
De ca leciono' me montras a vi' kelka experimenti por Ido' quale omna skribisti
facas sua experimenti en sua propra linguo por plu'charmar olu kontre gramatiko
autentika pro ke ja existas ferma linguo ne'facile movebla pro ula experimenti.
En Idia anke existas la ferma modelo di Ido quala ta bela di Sro Jean MARTIGNON
e tre poka altri, do pliz* unesme lernez tala model'atra Ido en lua IdoStab che
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/idostab/
e pose, vu povos selektar "qua esas bona o ne" de mea experimenti ne'autentika.

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==== Advanced Lessons (21 - 30) === Englsih Idioms and Ido ====================
**** Lesson 21 - Duadek-e-unesma Leciono **************************************

Possessive Case:---------------------------------------------------------------

(1) The Englsih possessive case has to be turned round and translated by the
    preposition 'di':
       The fahter's dog - La hundo di la patro
       The mother's meeting - La asemblo di la matro
       A mother's meeting - Asemblo di matro
       A beggar's revenge - Venjo di mendikisto
(2) With preposions 'to' and 'at', the possessive case is translated by
    preposition 'che':
       She lives at her uncle's house - Elu lojas che sua onklulo.
       He went to his tailor's (shop). - Ilu iris che sua talioro.
(3) The possessive case was formerly used with all nouns. We still find traces
    of it in expressions like,"an hour's walk", where there is no real
    possession, and prepositon 'de' is to be used.
       an hour's walk - un horo de marcho, or, marcho de/dum un horo
(4) A few expressions where the possessive case is found can be rendered by
    simpler forms:
       at arm's length - ye brakio-disto
       for mercy's sake - pro kompato
       a hair's breadth - har-dikeso
       to-day's news - la ca-diala nuveli*
       for form's sake - por la formo
(5) Another form of possessive is the adjectival noun:
       a railway carriage - fervoyala vagono, or, vagono di fervoyo
       the park gate - la parkala pordego, or, la pordego di la parko

(6) Possessive marks (-'ens or -'ns) : not yet officialised in ULI
    When ambiguty can not be avoided, special possessive marks could be used.
       Co esas la stulteso di Marx, qua esas extraordinara. --->
       Co esas Marx'ens stulteso, qua esas extraordinara.
         = Mem Marx facis ca extraordinara stultajo.
       Co esas la stulteso di Marx, qua'ns personeso esas extraordinara.
         = Quankam lu esas extraordinara, Marx olim facis ca stultajo.
 
      Ci esas la liti dil soldati, di qua gambin onu ruptabas. --->
       Ci esas la soldati'ns liti'ns gambi, quin onu ruptabas. (la gambin dil liti)
       Ci esas la liti dil soldati, qui'ns gambin onu ruptabas. (la gambin dil soldati)


Possessive: That --------------------------------------------------------------
The possessive case at the end of a sentence often has to be translated by the
   pronoun 'that':

   He said his writing was better than his brother's (that of his brother).
   Ilu dicis ke lua skribajo esas plu bona kam ta di lua fratulo.

   She liked her sister's best (that of her sister).
   Elu maxim prizas ta di sua fratino.

   It is as good as my grandfather's (as that of my grandfather).
   Olu esas tam bona kam ta di mea avulo.

   It is the old man's (that of the old man).
   Olu esas ta di la oldulo. .... or : It belongs to the old man.
   Olu apartenas a la oldulo.

Partitive Article:-------------------------------------------------------------
When the indefinite adjectives 'some','any' are used with words of quantity in
   place of 'a','an', they are not to be translated.

   The children have some bread. - La infanti havas pano.
   Did he get any money? - Kad ilu recevis pekunio?
   He wrote without any ink. - Ilu skribis sen inko.

In such cases the word 'some' or 'any' could easily be left out.
   Did he get money? etc. - Kad ilu recevis pekunio?

If the word 'some' or 'any' cannot be left out, then it is an adjective or a
   pronoun, and must be translated:

   Whether he got any or not, I don't know.
   Kad ilu recevis kelka o ne, me ne savas.


Apparent Plural:---------------------------------------------------------------
Note the following and all similar:
   bellows - suflilo
   breeches - pantalono
   scissors - cizo
   tongs - tenalio
   billiards - biliardo
   contents - kontenajo
   dregs - lizo
   alms - almono od almoni
   means - moyeno o moyeni
   news - novumo o novumi

Some nouns of quantity remain singular in Englsih when preceded by a number :
   They had three brace of partridges and six dozen oysters.
   Li havis tri pari [de] perdriki e sis dekedui [de] ostri.



XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX


How to translate "adverbs" in English:---------------------------------------
*** one-point lesson ***

The BOOK on the desk is mine. 

- 'on the desk' is an "adjectival" phrasee, when it describes "BOOK".

An ant FOUND the book on the desk.

- 'on the desk' is an "adverbial" phrase,, when it describes "FOUND".

------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Noun/(Noun phrase) as an adverb

   We work "eight hours every day".
      Ni laboras dum ok hori omna'die /(ye) omna dio.
   They walked "ten miles".
      Li marchis larje de dek milii [MI-lyi].
   They always traveld "second class".
      Li sempre voyajis per la duesma klaso.
   They decided go "their separate ways".
      Li decidis irar sur sua separita voyi.

Adverb as a quasi-noun

  'Now' is the time to rise up for peace.
      Nun (La prezento) esas la tempo por staceskar por paco.
   How far is it from 'here' to the police station?
      Quanta esas la disto de hike (ca loko) a la polic-staciono?

Adverb as an adjective

   The long, cold winter is 'over'.
      La longa, kolda vintro esas par'finita.

Adverb as a conjunction

  'Once' you hesitate, you are lost.
      Se un'foye tu hezitus, tu quik egaresus.
   She got up 'directly' (as soon as) the alarm clock rang.
      Elu levis su quik kande la alarm-klosho sonis.
      Elu levis su tam balde kam la alarm-klosho sonis.

How to translate "it":---------------------------------------------------------

It was me who first introduced the two.
Esas me' ta qua unesme introduktis la du. =
Ta qua unesme introduktis la du' esas me.

Some Idists write as .... (Kelka Idisti skribas quale ...)
Esas me qua unesme introduktis la du. But this sentence is equivalent to ...
Me, qua unesme introduktis la du, esas. =
Me, qua unesme introduktis la du, existas. =
Existas me, qua unesme introduktis la du.

When "esas" means "exists" ..
Esas l'atestanto' qua vidis la krimino. ->
Esis (en la parko) l'atestanto qua vidis la krimino. =
Trovesis (en la parko) l'atestanto qua vidis la krimino. =
(En la parko) esis l'atestanto qua vidis la krimino. =
L'atestanto qua vidis la krimino esis (en la parko). =

When "esas" means .. It "is" A who, which, that does/did so and so.
Ta qua vidis la krimino (en la parko) esis l'atestanto. =
(En la parko) esis l'atestanto' ta qua vidis la krimino. =
Esis l'atestanto' ta qua vidis la krimino (en la parko). ->
Esas l'atestanto' ta qua vidIS la krimino.