GURPSよろず

The rules for applying enhancements to advantages are straightforward: Every advantage has a base cost, and any modifiers simply alter that cost. But what about modifying things with no base cost? A hero may wish to add an Armor Divisor to his punches – which seems problematic when his ST 10 was free! Or perhaps he wants to turn his revolver into a ghost-shooter by adding Affects Insubstantial, and it doesn’t seem fair to make him repurchase his gun as an Innate Attack with gadget limitations.
Fortunately, GURPS is flexible enough to accommodate these situations. The following rules always require significant GM oversight. While the suggestions for each category are not hard-and-fast rules, it’s crucial to ensure that the enhancements added make sense for the attack.
See also ST-Based (pp. 20-21) and Enhanced ST-Based Attacks (p. 20).

UNARMED ATTACKS
The GM might permit certain attack modifiers on unarmed thrust damage. These should affect the hero’s ability to inflict damage. Suitable enhancements include Affects Insubstantial (to fight spirits), Armor Divisor (to strike at weak points in objects), Double Knockback (for punching enemies through walls), and Incendiary (for fists o’ fire). Valid limitations include No Blunt Trauma (for martial artists whose strength is “chi projection,” not brute force), No Knockback (ditto!), and Takes Extra Time (for big, slow fighters). Some modifiers are strictly forbidden, however (a * marks limitations found in Powers):

• Those already built into melee attacks: Melee Attack, Melee-Capable, Variable, and Visible*.
• Those that create attacks that belong to classes mutually exclusive with close-combat melee: Area Effect, Cone, Explosion, Jet, and anything with such a modifier as a prerequisite (e.g., Bombardment, Dissipation, Drifting, Emanation, Erosive, Mobile, Persistent, Selective Area, and Wall).
• Penetration modifiers other than Armor Divisor, Cosmic, or Surge, Arcing: Blood Agent, Contact Agent, Follow-Up, Malediction, Mental Defense Only, Respiratory Agent, and Sense-Based.
• Those intended for non-physical attacks: Cyclic, Hazard, Onset, Radiation, and Resistible.
• Those intended for ranged attacks: Accurate, Blockable*, Extra Recoil, Guided, Homing, Inaccurate, Increased Range, Long-Range, Minimum Range*, Overhead, Ranged, Rapid Fire, Reduced Range, Ricochet, Short-Range*, and Surprise Attack.

To apply modifiers to your unarmed damage, follow these steps:

1. Find thrust damage for the highest ST you can use for unarmed combat. This is the sum of regular ST, Arm ST, and Striking ST.
2. Calculate the “effective point cost” of the basic thrust damage from step 1 as if it were a Crushing Attack. Don’t pay this cost! You just need it for step 4.
3. Total the desired modifiers. Treat a net limitation larger than -80% as -80%.
4. Multiply the cost from step 2 by the net modifier from step 3 to find the cost of the modifiers. Round up. Record a positive cost as an advantage, a negative one as a disadvantage.

Example: Kaytee has ST 12, Arm ST 5, and Striking ST 10. She can strike with ST 27, which gives her 3d-1 thrust damage. Crushing Attack 3d-1 would cost 14 points, so Armor Divisor (10), +200%, would be an 28-point advantage for Kaytee, while No Blunt Trauma, -20%, would be a -2-point disadvantage.

Enhancements benefit kicks, punches, bites, head butts, and all other unarmed melee attacks – but not weapons. Limitations affect all muscle-powered attacks, from unarmed through melee to ranged! If you have Claws, Strikers, or Teeth and modifiers on muscle-powered damage, you must buy your body weaponry with exactly the same modifiers.

MELEE WEAPONS
You may modify the damage done via a specific weapon. If you lose the weapon, you lose the enhancements as well – though not the points spent on them. The GM should allow you to either replace the weapon with an equivalent, or to shift the modifiers to a different weapon; the latter may cost additional points, if the new weapon is better! These rules should only be applied to weapons bought using cash (or Signature Gear, etc.); if your sword is actually a Cutting Attack with gadget limitations, just apply any modifiers directly to it. Similarly, the ability to add enhancements to any weapon you use, instead of just one, can be found in GURPS Power-Ups 1: Imbuements.
Your choice of modifiers is restricted as per Unarmed Attacks (pp. 9-10). In addition, you may only apply enhancements. If you wish to include limitations, use the rules for modifying unarmed attacks; the limitations automatically apply to every attack you make, including one made with your weapons. The GM may allow exceptions to this restriction, to reflect foibles or drawbacks that only apply to this one weapon, but there are a few special rules:

• Each limitation is only worth 1/5 its normal value.
• If the net modifier for the weapon, after limitations, is 0% or less, do no further math – just treat this as a perk. (A modified weapon is never free or a disadvantage.)
• Any limitation applies to all uses of the weapon, not just to the enhancements.
• If a character takes the same limitation on multiple weapons, the GM is within rights to insist that he instead add the limitation to his overall damage (using the rules for modifying unarmed attacks).

The process for calculating point cost is very similar to that for unarmed damage:

1. List the damage you can do for each mode of weapon use, including the amount and the damage type. If the weapon can be used at range, and its ranged damage is better than its melee damage or you plan on adding ranged modifiers to it, see Muscle-Powered Ranged Weapons (p. 11).
2. Calculate the “effective point cost” for each mode, as if it were the appropriate type of Innate Attack. Take the highest point cost of all these modes, and ignore the others. Exception: If all of the enhancements being added would only apply to one mode (e.g., Double Knockback would apply to a sword’s cutting swing, but not its impaling thrust), use that mode regardless of cost.
3. Total the desired enhancements (and limitations, if any).
4. Multiply the highest cost from step 2 by the net modifier from step 3 to find the cost of the modifiers. Record this as an advantage.

Example: Kaytee wants to add Double Blunt Trauma to her fine thrusting broadsword. Her modes of attack are 5d+3 cutting and 3d+2 impaling. Cutting Attack 5d+3 would cost 42 points, while Impaling Attack 3d+2 would cost 29 points, so she uses the former. Double Blunt Trauma is a +20% enhancement, and 42 × 0.20 = 8.4, which rounds up to 9 points.
She also talks the GM into letting her have an incendiary dagger, the blade of which burns up and reforms (taking time) every time she strikes with it. Her dagger does 3d-2 impaling. Impaling Attack 3d-2 would cost 20 points. She adds Incendiary (+10%) and Takes Recharge, 15 seconds (-20% / 5 = -4%), a total of +6%. She pays 20 × 0.06 = 1.2, which rounds up to 2 points. The dagger now does an extra 1 point of burning damage, but any use causes the blade to disintegrate for 15 seconds; Takes Recharge doesn’t just apply to the incendiary affect, but to the use of the dagger as a whole.

At the GM’s option, these rules can be used to modify one type of unarmed damage (e.g., just punches or just bites) instead of using Unarmed Attacks (pp. 9-10). The only advantage to doing so is that limitations can be added on an attack-by-attack basis, instead of affecting all muscle-powered attacks.

MUSCLE-POWERED RANGED WEAPONS
Muscle-powered thrown and missile weapons, such as bows, use the rules for melee weapons (pp. 10-11) with one exception: Enhancements intended for ranged attacks (the last bullet point under Unarmed Attacks, pp. 9-10) are explicitly allowed. The GM should also be generous about allowing the ranged-attack limitations to be added on a per-weapon basis.

Example: Kaytee’s bow can target ghosts and force them to materialize, but it has horrible range. Her composite bow does 3d+2 impaling, which would cost 29 points as an Impaling Attack. She adds Affects Insubstantial (+20%); Symptoms, Negated Advantage (Insubstantiality) after losing 2/3 HP (+80%); and Reduced Range, 1/5 (-20% / 5 = -4%); for a net +96%. She pays 29 × 0.96, or 28 points. Her bow is an excellent ghost hunting weapon, but it has range 108/135 instead of 540/675, even when she’s not attacking ghosts!

OTHER WEAPONS
Many modern and futuristic weapons, such as firearms and beam weapons, do not use ST-based damage. In some ways, this makes them simpler; each does a fixed amount of damage, making it possible to calculate the point cost of any enhancement in advance. Ignore any special effects, damage modifiers, etc. – as for other weapons, all that you need to know is the number of dice dealt and the type of damage.
Things become more complex in other ways, however, particularly when deciding which modifiers to allow on a given weapon. The advice from Unarmed Attacks (pp. 9-10) isn’t necessarily relevant when applied to a gamma-ray pistol! The GM must carefully vet each modifier to ensure balance in his campaign.
Otherwise, use the options for muscle-powered ranged weapons (above) with two additional rules:
• If the PC has access to a way to boost basic damage, improve the damage type, or both, you must take this into account when calculating what the Innate Attack would cost. This is most often accomplished via special ammunition for firearms (e.g., hollow-point rounds, which bump pi to pi+) or via “hotshotting” or similar techniques for beam weapons. Don’t worry about ammunition, etc., hidden away in military arsenals or research labs. However, if the PC later does get access to such things, the GM should recalculate the point cost of this ability – just as for a warrior who upgrades his sword (Melee Weapons, pp. 10-11).
• To improve RoF, consult Rapid Fire (p. B108). If the weapon is at the upper end of a RoF band (e.g., RoF 2, 3, 7, 15, 30, etc.), pay the difference between the current RoF band and the new one. Otherwise, treat the weapon as belonging to the RoF band a step down and pay the difference between that band and the new one. (See the example below.) This rule ensures that RoF can never be raised for free.

Example: Kaytee’s campaign uses the detailed guns from GURPS High-Tech. She has a FN MK 16 MOD 0 rifle that does 4d+2 pi. However, Kaytee can boost the damage and damage type to 5d(0.5) pi+ by using HP+P ammo. Large Piercing Attack 5d costs 30 points. (The Armor Divisor (0.5) does not affect these rules.) She wants to boost its RoF from 9 to 30, so she can empty an entire magazine in one second. RoF 9 is within the “8-15” band for Rapid Fire, but it’s not the upper end of that band. Thus, the MK 15 is treated as having Rapid Fire at the +70% level. She wants to buy it up to Rapid Fire 30 (+150%), a difference of +80%. This costs 30 × 0.80, or 24 points.
If the MK 16 had had RoF 15 instead of RoF 9, it would have already been at the upper limit of “RoF 8-15” (+100%), and thus upgrading it to RoF 30 (+150%) would have only cost 30 × 0.50, or 15 points.

追加修正

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『ベーシックセット』第2章：有利な特徴（CHAPTER TWO　ADVANTAGES）　B34P

• 修正（Modifiers） p.99
  • 増強（Enhancements） p.99
    • コラム：L-特別修正（Special Modifiers） p.99　特別修正
    • 　用語：特別増強 (Special Enhancement)
    • 　用語：特別限定 (Special Limitation)
    • コラム：L-有利な特徴の射程・範囲・持続時間（Range, Area, and Duration for Advantages） p.99
    • コラム：L-攻撃の増強と限定（Attack Enhancements and Limitations） p.99
    • 　用語：攻撃修正 (Attack Modifier)
    • ▲用語：貫通力修正（Penetration Modifiers）
    • コラム：L-増強を起動・解除する（Turning Enhancements Off and On） p.99
  • 限定（Limitations） p.106
    • コラム：選択ルール : 増強の限定 （Optional Rule: Limited Enhancements） p.108
  • コラム：L-修正された攻撃の例（Examples of Modified Attacks） p.110
  • コラム：キャラクター作成の例（続き）（Example of Character Creation (cont’d)） p.112
  • L-発明品の限定（Gadget Limitations） p.113
  • ▲用語：限定値（Limitation Value）

• 第2章：有利な特徴 （2. Advantages） p.34
  • 有利な特徴の種類 （Types of Advantages） p.34
    • 用語：「精」、精神的特徴、精神的有利な特徴（Mental Advantage）
    • 用語：「肉」、社会的特徴、社会的有利な特徴（Social Advantage）
    • 用語：「社」、肉体的特徴、肉体的有利な特徴（Physical Advantage）
    • 用語：「特」、特殊的特徴、特殊的有利な特徴（Exotic Advantage）
    • 用語：「超」、超常的特徴、超常的有利な特徴（Supernatural Advantage）
    • 用語：「一」、一般的特徴、一般的有利な特徴（Mundane Advantage）
  • コラム：潜在的有利な特徴 （Potential Advantages） p.34
  • コラム：何の特徴が許可されるのか （What’s Allowed） p.35　旧名は「何が許可されるのか」
  • 有利な特徴の起源 （Advantage Origins） p.35
  • 有利な特徴の起動と解除 （Turning Advantages Off and On） p.36
• ▲第4版特徴一覧
  • L-有利な特徴一覧 （Advantage List） p.37
    • コラム：選択攻撃 （Alternative Attacks） p.79
    • コラム：登場頻度 （Frequency of Appearance） p.82
    • コラム：防御の限定 （Limited Defenses） p.91
    • 特典（Perks） p.98
• 新しい有利な特徴（New Advantages） p.113
  • L-既存の有利な特徴を修正する（Modifying Existing Advantages） p.113
    • L-名前を変える（Rename）
    • L-再定義する（Redefine）
    • L-組み合わせる（Combine）
    • L-修正する（Modify）
    • L-微調整する（Fine-Tune）
  • L-完全に新しい有利な特徴をつくる（Designing Entirely New Advantages） p.114
    • L-CPを最終的に決定する（Finalizing the Cost）
• 有志によって追加された特徴分類や表
  • ▲特徴グルーピング表
  • ▲判定に修正を与える特徴一覧表
  • ▲下位の特徴と上位の特徴
  • ▲汎称特徴
  • ▲消耗品型特徴

• 増強『GURPS Power-Ups 4：Enhancements』、増強表
• 限定『GURPS Power-Ups 8：Limitations』

1. Powersの追加修正
2. 限定「消耗品型」［-80%］