忘却からの帰還〜Intelligent Design

州法案	South Carolina Senate Bill 873, 2009-2010 Regular Session
提案者
提案	2009/05/21
状態	2009/05/21 州上院教育委員会へ

州法案	South Carolina Senate Bill 875, 2009-2010 Regular Session
提案者
提案	2009/05/21
状態	2009/05/21 州上院教育委員会へ

Senate Bill 873, introduced in the South Carolina Senate on May 21, 2009 and referred to the Senate Committee on Education, would, if enacted, require the state board of education to "examine all curriculum in use in this State that purports to teach students about the origins of mankind to determine whether the curriculum maintains neutrality toward religion." The bill further provides, "Related to non-religion, the examination must include a review as to whether the curriculum contains a sense of affirmatively opposing or showing hostility to religion, thus preferring those who believe in no religion over those who hold religious beliefs." The first year of the current two-year legislative session ended on May 21, 2009, so S. 873 is not likely to be considered until the second year begins in 2010.

サウスカロライナ州上院に2009年5月21日に提案され、州上院教育委員会に送られたSB873は、成立すれば、州教育委員会に対して、「州内でつかわれる、人類の起源を生徒たちに教えると称するカリキュラムについて調査し、宗教に対して中立であるかを判断することを義務付ける」ことになる、さらに州法案では「調査において、積極的に宗教に反対もしくは宗教に敵対的な意味合いをカリキュラムが含んでいて、宗教信仰を持つ者より無宗教を信じる者を選好しているかをレビューしなければならない。」と書かれている。2年の会期の第1年は2009年5月21日で終了するので、SB873は2010年に始まる第2年までは審議されない。

S. 873 was introduced by Senator Michael Fair (R-District 6), who spearheaded a number of previous antievolution efforts in South Carolina. In 2003, he sought to establish a committee to "determine whether alternatives to evolution as the origin of species should be offered in schools." ...

SB873はこれまでもサウスカロライナ州で反進化論州法案を成立させようとしてきた、District-6選出共和党Michael Fair州上院議員によって提案された。2003年には、「種の起源として進化論の代替理論を学校で教えるべきかを判断する」委員会をつくろうとした。...

[ Antievolution legislation in South Carolina (2009/05/26) on National Center for Science Education ]

South Carolina SB873-2009

TO AMEND ARTICLE 1, CHAPTER 29 OF TITLE 59 OF THE 1976 CODE, RELATING TO GENERAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING SUBJECTS OF INSTRUCTION IN THE STATE'S PUBLIC SCHOOLS, BY ADDING SECTION 59-29-15, TO PROVIDE THAT CURRICULUM USED TO TEACH STUDENTS ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF MANKIND MUST MAINTAIN NEUTRALITY BETWEEN RELIGIOUS FAITHS AND BETWEEN RELIGION AND NON-RELIGION, AND TO PROVIDE THAT CURRICULUM THAT DOES NOT MAINTAIN THE REQUIRED NEUTRALITY MUST BE REVISED OR REPLACED AS SOON AS PRACTICABLE.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:

SECTION 1. Article 1, Chapter 29 of Title 59 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:

"Section 59-29-15. (A) The General Assembly finds:

(1) that the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution makes wholly applicable to the states the First Amendment's mandate that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of or prohibiting the free expression of religion;

(2) that the individual freedom of conscience protected by the First Amendment embraces the right to select any religious faith or none at all;

(3) a proper respect for the First Amendment compels the State to pursue a course of neutrality toward religion, favoring neither one religion over other religions, nor religion over non-religion or the inverse;

(4) that atheism is a school of thought that takes a position on religion and the existence and importance of a Supreme Being;

(5) that the United State Supreme Court recognizes atheism as equivalent to a religion for the purposes of the First Amendment; and

(6) that teaching atheism or any of its principals, including, but not limited to, the denial of the existence of a Supreme Being, as a philosophical system of beliefs or in a manner that affirmatively opposes or shows hostility to religion, thus exhibiting a preference for those who believe in no religion over those who hold religious beliefs, violates the First Amendment.

(B) The State Board of Education shall examine all curriculum in use in this State that purports to teach students about the origins of mankind to determine whether the curriculum maintains neutrality toward religion, favoring neither one religion over other religions, nor religion over non-religion, including atheism. Related to non-religion, the examination must include a review as to whether the curriculum contains a sense of affirmatively opposing or showing hostility to religion, thus preferring those who believe in no religion over those who hold religious beliefs. The duty to review curriculum imposed by this section is continuing and must reoccur periodically after the initial review in order to assure compliance with this section.

(C) If the board's examination determines that any curriculum fails to maintain the neutrality required by subsection (B), the offending curriculum must be revised or replaced as soon as practicable, but no later than the beginning of the next academic year.

(D) This section does not prevent classes being taught pursuant to Section 59-29-230."

SECTION 2. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor.

South Carolina SB875-2009

TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING SECTION 59-29-115 SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE STATE BOARD OF EDUCATION, AND DISTRICT AND SCHOOL GOVERNING AUTHORITIES, SHALL FACILITATE SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION, INCLUDING CONTROVERSIAL SCIENTIFIC EDUCATION, IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF THIS STATE, TO PROHIBIT THESE AUTHORITIES FROM IMPEDING THIS EDUCATION, AND TO PROVIDE FOR PUBLICATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF THIS ACT TO SCHOOL GOVERNING AUTHORITIES.

Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:

SECTION 1. The General Assembly finds that an important purpose of science education is to inform students about scientific evidence and to help students develop critical thinking skills they need in order to become intelligent, productive, and scientifically informed citizens. The General Assembly further finds that the teaching of some scientific subjects, such as biological evolution, the chemical origins of life, global warming, and human cloning can cause controversy and that some teachers may be unsure of the expectations concerning how they should present information on these subjects.

SECTION 2. Article 1, Chapter 29, Title 59 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:

"Section 59-29-115. (A) The State Board of Education, and district and school governing authorities, shall endeavor to create an environment within all public schools of this State that encourages students to explore scientific questions, learn about scientific evidence, develop critical thinking skills, and respond appropriately and respectfully to differences of opinion about controversial issues. These educational authorities also shall endeavor to assist teachers to find more effective ways to present the science curriculum that addresses scientific controversies. Teachers must be permitted to help students understand, analyze, critique, and review in an objective manner the scientific strengths and weaknesses of existing scientific theories pertinent to the course.

(B) School governing authorities including, but not limited to, school and district superintendents, principals, and administrators, may not prohibit a teacher in a public school in this State from helping students understand, analyze, critique, and review in an objective manner the scientific strengths and weaknesses of existing scientific theories pertinent to the course.

(C) This section applies only to the teaching of scientific information and may not be construed to promote any religious or nonreligious doctrine, promote discrimination for or against a particular set of religious beliefs or nonbeliefs, or promote discrimination for or against religion or nonreligion.

(D) By the start of the 2009-2010 school term, the State Department of Education shall notify all district superintendents of the provisions of this act, and each superintendent shall in turn disseminate the information to district employees."

SECTION 3. This act takes effect upon approval by the Governor.

米国の進化論教育を守るNational Center for Science Educationによれば、2010年6月3日の会期切れにより、サウスカロライナ州の反進化論州法案 Senate Bill 873とSenate Bill 875が廃案になった。

Two antievolution bills, Senate Bill 873 and Senate Bill 875, died in committee when the South Carolina legislature adjourned on June 3, 2010. Both bills were introduced on May 21, 2009, and referred to the Senate Education Committee, where they apparently never received a hearing. Both bills were sponsored by Senator Michael Fair (R-District 6), who spearheaded a number of previous antievolution efforts in South Carolina. With respect to his 2003 attempt to establish a committee to "determine whether alternatives to evolution as the origin of species should be offered in schools," the Greenville News (May 1, 2003) reported that Fair "said his intention is to show that Intelligent Design is a viable scientific alternative that should be taught in the public schools."

2010年6月3日のサウスカロライナ州議会の会期切れにより、2つの反進化論州法案SB873とSB875が委員会で廃案になった。これらの州法案は2009年5月21日に提案され、州上院教育委員会に送られたが、公聴会開催にたどり着かなかった。両州法案の提案者はDistrict-6選出共和党州上院議員Michael Fairである。これまでもFair議員はサウスカロライナ州議会で反進化論州法案を提案してきた。2003年には「公立学校で種の起源に関する進化論の代替理論を教えるべきかを決定する」委員会の設置を求めた。Greenville News (2003/05/01)によれば、Fair州上院議員は「自分の意図はインテリジェントデザインが公立学校で教えるべき科学的代案であることを示すことだ」と述べている。SB875は一連の「進化論に対する学問の自由」モデル州法案ベースだったが、SB873は「カリキュラムが宗教的に中立でないときは、これに対抗する内容を教えること」を義務付けるものだった。

[ "Antievolution bills die in South Carolina" (2010/06/03) on ncse ]

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