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#4622¡Ê2011.3.17¡Ë

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¡¡Why so little looting in Japan?¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦a robust system of laws that reinforce honesty, a strong police presence, and, ironically, active crime organizations. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Members of the Yakuza, Japan's organized crime syndicate, have also been enforcing order. All three major crime groups¡½the Yamaguchi-gumi, the Sumiyoshi-kai, and the Inagawa-kai¡½have "compiled squads to patrol the streets of their turf and keep an eye out to make sure looting and robbery doesn't occur," writes Adelstein in an e-mail message. "The Sumiyoshi-kai claims to have shipped over 40 tons of [humanitarian aid] supplies nationwide and I believe that's a conservative estimate." One group has even opened its Tokyo offices to displaced Japanese and foreigners who were stranded after the first tremors disabled public transportation. "As one Sumiyoshi-kai boss put it to me over the phone," says Adelstein, " 'In times of crisis, there are not Yakuza and civilians or foreigners. There are only human beings and we should help each other.' " Even during times of peace, the Yakuza enforce order, says Adelstein. They make their money off extortion, prostitution, and drug trafficking. But they consider theft grounds for expulsion. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.slate.com/id/2288514/



#4623¡Ê2011.3.17¡Ë

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#4626¡Ê2011.3.18¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦amid all the destruction, shortages, and despair, one thing stands out: the character of the Japanese people, which remains almost unflinchingly respectful, honest, and conscientious through these darkest of times.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Although there is tension across the country due to the multiple crises, even in the Tohoku region, any cracks in the structure of the manners and civility that define Japanese culture are hard to spot. Stories of looting and opportunist theft, which often accompany disasters around the world, are not simply unheard of, they are all but unthinkable.
¡¡The notion of gaman, to endure or tolerate, is also a core value for the Japanese, and the trait of continuing to show high levels of consideration for others, even when the pressure is on, is often a surprise to outsiders.
At the long lines for gas stations and supermarkets that have spread across the country as far as Tokyo, raised voices or heated tempers are a rarity. People leave gaps for other cars to get through and nobody attempts to cut lines.
¡¡Even among the evacuees newly arrived at the Yamagata City Sport Center, there is no sign of disorder, rules are followed to the letter and spirits are generally high. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2011/0...



#4632¡Ê2011.3.20¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦The selflessness, stoicism and discipline in Japan these days are epitomized by those workers at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, uncomplainingly and anonymously risking dangerous doses of radiation as they struggle to prevent a complete meltdown that would endanger their fellow citizens.
¡¡¡ã¥Ï¥Á¸ø¤ÎÏäò»ý¤Á½Ð¤¹¤È¤Ï¥Ë¥¯¥¤¤Í¤¨¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡The most famous statue in Japan is arguably one of a dog, Hachiko, who exemplified loyalty, perseverance and duty.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡I hope that some day Japan will erect another symbol of loyalty and dedication to duty: a statue of those nuclear plant workers.
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¡¡I lived in Japan for five years as the Tokyo bureau chief for The New York Times, and I was sometimes perceived as hostile to the country because I was often critical of the Japanese government¡Çs incompetence and duplicity. But the truth is that I came to cherish Japan¡Çs civility and selflessness. There¡Çs a kind of national honor code, exemplified by the way even cheap restaurants will lend you an umbrella if you¡Çre caught in a downpour; you¡Çre simply expected to return it in a day or two. If you lose your wallet in the subway, you expect to get it back.
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¡¡The earthquake has put that dichotomy on display. The Japanese government has been hapless. And the Japanese people have been magnificent, enduring impossible hardships with dignity and grace. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆüËܿͤ¬¤¹¤Ð¤é¤·¤¤¤«¤é¡¢À¯ÉܤΤҤɤµ¤Ë´²ÍƤÀ¤Ã¤Æ¤ÎÀâÌÀ¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤È¤é¤ó¤¾¡£
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¡¡Granted, Japan¡Çs ethic of uncomplaining perseverance ¡½ gaman, in Japanese ¡½ may also explain why the country settles for third-rate leaders. Moreover, Japan¡Çs tight-knit social fabric can lead to discrimination against those who don¡Çt fit in. Bullying is a problem from elementary school to the corporate suite. Ethnic Koreans and an underclass known as burakumin are stigmatized. Indeed, after the terrible 1923 earthquake, Japanese rampaged against ethnic Koreans (who were accused of setting fires or even somehow causing the quake) and slaughtered an estimated 6,000 of them.
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So Japan¡Çs communitarianism has its downside, but we Americans could usefully move a step or two in that direction. Gaps between rich and poor are more modest in Japan, and Japan¡Çs corporate tycoons would be embarrassed by the flamboyant pay packages that are common in America. Even in poor areas — including ethnic Korean or burakumin neighborhoods — schools are excellent.
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¡¡My wife and I saw the collective ethos drummed into children when we sent our kids to Japanese schools. When the teacher was sick, there was no substitute teacher. The children were in charge. When our son Gregory came home from a school athletic meet, we were impressed that he had won first place in all his events, until we realized that every child had won first place. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Look, we¡Çre pushy Americans. We sometimes treat life, and budget negotiations, as a contest in which the weakest (such as children) are to be gleefully pushed aside when the music stops. But I wish we might learn a bit from the Japanese who right now are selflessly subsuming their own interests for the common good. We should sympathize with Japanese, yes, but we can also learn from them.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/20/opinion/20kristo...



#4644¡Ê2011.3.25¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦If modern Japan has a common ethic, it's based on mutual respect, not victory in competition. The most potent symbols of this Japanese sense of social cohesion are the dowdy blue overalls worn by Prime Minister Naoto Kan and his ministers at news conferences and other public appearances since the earthquake. The idea is to express solidarity with the workers at the front line and reduce the sense of separation between rulers and ruled. This was a strategy also employed by the legendary business leaders of Japan's 1960s golden era. Soichiro Honda, for example, attended meetings with bankers in his overalls. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/03/24/t...
¡¡Community spirit shines through in Japan's dark times¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Japan has never lost its sense of community and in dark times it is shining through.
¡¡This nation's great disaster has brought out the best in its people.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12845...

¡¡¥·¥å¥Ô¡¼¥²¥ë»ï¤¬¡¢µÜºê½Ù¤ÎºîÉʤÈÀïºÒ¡¦¼«Á³ºÒ³²¤¬ÉÑȯ¤¹¤ëÆüËܤȤò·ë¤ÓÉÕ¤±¤ÆÏÀ¤¸¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Miyazaki is in fact precisely the opposite of Walt Disney. The world of Miyazaki's animated films is not a rosy; it's a broken place. His films are about the limits of human creativity.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡For Westerners, Japan's popular culture has always seemed a bit strange, garish, hysterical and manic. There are the weighty images of samurai battles that Kurosawa designed in his monumental historical films, the colorful and hideous comic images by famed Japanese painter Takashi Murakami, the Godzilla films, in which radiation-created mutant monsters devastate Tokyo. There are the Pokemon cards with their strange creatures, and there are the Tamagotchis, small digital pets kept on key chains that peep when they want to be fed. There's the vastly profitable, popular art of the Manga comics, in which heroes have eyes like headlights in a land of narrow gazes; there's a youth culture that seeks to transform the Manga ideal of beauty into reality.
¡¡A culture of artificiality? Or perhaps it was reality, after all -- just a little hard to recognize from a distance. Perhaps it was so difficult for us to understand Japanese pop culture because we failed to realize that Japan had outsourced its understanding of catastrophe to its most whimsical modes of expression.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥É¥¤¥Ä»ï¤¬¤³¤ó¤Ê¡¢±ÑÊƤª»ÅÃ夻¤ÎÀè¤ÎÂçÀï´Ñ¤ò¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þµ­¤¹¤È¤Ï¡¢Ã²¤«¤ï¤·¤¤¸Â¤ê¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡It began its bloody war of conquest in Southeast Asia and eventually aligned itself with the Nazis. Japanese soldiers committed horrible atrocities in World War II. In the end, atom bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.spiegel.de/international/zeitgeist/0,15...



#4646¡Ê2011.3.26¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦To an outsider, much is striking about Japan¡Çs response to two weeks of serial disasters: the stoicism and self-sacrifice; the quiet bravery in the face of tragedy that seems almost woven into the national character. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Just two weeks after this nation¡Çs greatest catastrophe in decades, the citizens at Takada Junior High School No. 1, this town¡Çs largest evacuee center, have managed to fashion a microcosm of the spotlessly organized and efficient Japan they so recently knew.
¡¡¡ã¾ÃÆÇÍÑ¥¢¥ë¥³¡¼¥ëʮ̸´ï¤¬³Æ¥Æ¡¼¥Ö¥ë¤Ë¡£¥Þ¥¹¥¯¤â¤Õ¤ó¤À¤ó¡£¥¹¥ê¥Ã¥Ñ¤ËÍú¤­Âؤ¨¤ë¤±¤É¤½¤Î¥¹¥ê¥Ã¥Ñ¤â¤­¤ì¤¤¤Ë»È¤¦¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Theirs is a city where a hand sanitizer sits on every table; where face masks, which Japanese wear the way other people wear sunglasses, are dispensed by the box. It is a place where you do not just trade your muddy shoes for slippers at the front door, but also shed the slippers at the gymnasium door lest you carry a mote of dust from the hallways into the living areas. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡ ¡¦¡¦¡¦a passion for order and civility so deep-rooted that the chaos and despair of 1,000 strangers somehow is subdued to the level of disarray expected at the monthly meeting of a book-lovers¡Ç club. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã°å¼Ô¤Ï¤â¤Á¤í¤ó¡¢»õ°å¼Ô¤â¤¤¤ë¡£¤ß¤ó¤Ê¥Ü¥é¥ó¥Æ¥£¥¢¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡One expects that 1,000 evacuees would have access to a doctor, and the Japan Red Cross has opened a well-staffed clinic on the first floor. But one might not expect the two dentists next door, who decided on March 17 to volunteer their services and opened shop the next day, treating about 15 patients daily with the help of staff members whose own homes were lost in the tsunami. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥¿¥ÀÍýȱŹ¤â¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡The dentists were followed by Shoichi Yanashita, a 66-year-old barber and a fellow evacuee, who was giving free haircuts on Thursday with scissors and a razor borrowed from a friend in a nearby town. ¡ÈWe have to support each other,¡É he said, ¡Èand this is what I know how to do.¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥¿¥À¼«Å¾¼Ö½¤ÍýŹ¤â¡£¤½¤·¤Æ¡¢¥·¥ã¥È¥ë¥Ð¥¹¤¬ÈòÆñ½ê´Ö¤ò¤Ä¤Ê¤°¡£¥Ú¥Ã¥ÈÍѲïäƤâÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¹â¹»À¸¤¬¥¿¥À¤ÇÀöÂõ¤ò¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦volunteer bicycle-repairing, a shuttle bus ferrying evacuees from center to center, pet cages donated by local veterinarians, free laundering of refugees¡Ç clothes by local high-school students.
¡¡¡ã½÷À­ÍѤβ¼Ãå¤ò´¥¤«¤¹ÀìÍѼ¼¤¬Àߤ±¤é¤ì¡¢¤½¤³¤Ë¤Ï¸°¤¬¤«¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Drying remains a problem. ¡ÈWe have to dry the ladies¡Ç underwear where people can¡Çt see it. So we put it in two classrooms on the second floor, and then we lock the doors,¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÅ¥ËÀ¤È¤«ëÚ¤¤¤ÏÁ´¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Asked whether he has had to deal with petty thievery, personality conflicts or any other social ills that beset strangers unwillingly thrown together, Mr. Nakai replied: ¡ÈNothing at all. They don¡Çt even argue.¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¿Þ½ñ´Û¤â¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢Í¹Êإݥ¹¥È¤â¤¢¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡ To the right is the lending library. To the left is a cardboard mailbox where evacuees can deposit postcards — also available at the desk — that are delivered to other centers around town. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¼«±ÒÂ⤬¶¦Æ±Íá¾ì¤òÄ󶡤·»Ï¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤½¤³¤Ø¤Ï¥·¥ã¥È¥ë¥Ð¥¹¤Ç¹Ô¤¯¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡This week, Japan¡Çs Self Defense Force soldiers offered a much-coveted new service: two hot tubs for men and women, holding 25 bathers at a time, at a nearly elementary school that also houses evacuees. Now the Takada center offers daily shuttle buses to the tubs, which sit side by side in steam-saturated tents outside the school entrance.
¡¡¡ã²È²¥¹¥Ú¡¼¥¹¤´¤È¤Ë»ÅÀڤ꤬Àߤ±¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢¼«¼£²ñ¤â·ÁÀ®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡The orderliness extends to the residents, who have assembled the detritus of two weeks on a gym floor — donated clothes, blankets, folding chairs — into neat barriers that provide a modicum of privacy from the neighbors. The gym floor is carved into neighborhoods, each with a representative who carries grievances to higher-ups. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/26/world/asia/26ref...



#4648¡Ê2011.3.27¡Ë

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¡¡¤À¤«¤é¡¢º£¸å¡¢³°¹ñ¿Í°Ü̱¤òÂçÎ̤˼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Èà¤é¤â¤¹¤°¤Ë¤³¤Î¥á¥ó¥¿¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¼¤ò¿È¤Ë¤Ä¤±¤ë¡¢¤ÈÁÛÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤¤¤Î¡£
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http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/news/110325/dst11...



#4652¡Ê2011.3.29¡Ë

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¡¡ÇÀ¶È¼Ò²ñ¤ÎÅþÍè¤Ëȼ¤¤¡¢¿Í´Ö¤ÎËÜÀ­¤òÏĤá¤ë¤¿¤á¤Ë¡¢ÇÀ¶È¼Ò²ñ¤ËŬ¹çŪ¤Ê¥¤¥Ç¥ª¥í¥®¡¼¤äÀ©ÅÙ¡¢¹¹¤Ë¤Ï°ì¿À¶µ¤Î˨²ê¤¬¸ÅÂ奨¥¸¥×¥È¤ËÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤È¤À¤è¤Í¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Egyptians ¡Èinvented the concept of the nation-state that still dominates our planet,¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦the country¡Çs earliest kings not only ¡Èformulated and harnessed¡É traditional tools of leadership ¡½ like using ideology and ceremony to unite a disparate population and bind it to the state ¡½ but also used more malign instruments like police surveillance, xenophobia and the brutal repression of dissent to cement their power. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡ Egyptians increasingly came to hope for ¡Èsomething better in the next world,¡É to believe in the idea of ¡Ètransfiguration and transformation¡É ¡½ an idea that ¡Èwould echo through later civilizations and ultimately shape the Judeo-Christian tradition.¡É ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/29/books/the-rise-a...



#4660¡Ê2011.4.2¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Japan places great value on reciprocity, and that helps explain why people are giving to each other and why they are seemingly well--behaved in comparison to other countries.
¡¡The country also values politeness and decorum. There's a famous saying, ¿Æ¤·¤¤Ãç¤Ë¤âÎéµ·¤¢¤ê, shitashii naka ni mo reigi ari. Even amongst the closest of friends, there must be decorum.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÅìÅŤ¬Âç¹­¹ð¼ç¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¡¢¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤¬ÅìÅÅ᤭¤ò¹µ¤¨¤¶¤ë¤ò¤¨¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡TEPCO is one of the largest advertisers in Japan, and thus there exists a general media reluctance to bash them and thus lose ad revenue.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2...



#4662¡Ê2011.4.3¡Ë

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http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BB%8F%E6%95%99
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a¡§May God Bless the Japanese and provide more for them. I am indeed impressed and privileged to see the images of such resilience and humility in the face of devastating natural disaster. Keeping the "clear head" probably helped them re-build their country after world war II as the allies had no real moral obligation to help them and may not have been seen them in the same light as Germany.
b¡§¡¦¡¦¡¦It is the pity of African disempowerement, percieved or real, which is reflected in our blaming everyone but ourselves for our problems or looking for a saviour to save and serve us from our troubles. The chief culprit for this pervasive dependency syndrome are African governments who subjugate their subjects into conforming objects bereft of initiative.
c¡§¡¦¡¦¡¦Their attitude when compared to Haiti and other third world counties where disaster have struck, is like day and night. I really applaud them for their understanding, orderliness, maturity, patience and resilience in the face of this disaster. I pray God to comfort them.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-12847408



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http://sankei.jp.msn.com/life/news/110331/art11033...



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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Compared with those of chimps, bonobo brains displayed bigger, more developed regions thought to be vital for feeling empathy, perceiving distress in others and feeling anxiety, Rilling said. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Even more notably, Rilling said, bonobo brains carry a thick connection between a flash point of emotion and a higher brain region that helps control impulses. This neuronal wire runs from the amygdala, a deep-seated and evolutionarily old emotional center that can spark aggression, to a region called the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, which is thought be important for suppressing impulsive behavior.
¡¡Chimp brains displayed a much thinner connection along this aggression-suppression pathway, meaning the channel carries less information. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤ÏÉϤ·¤¤ÃϤǿʲ½¤·¤¿¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢¥Ü¥Î¥Ü¤ÏË­¤«¤ÊÃϤǿʲ½¤·¤¿¤¿¤á¤À¤í¤¦¤Ã¤Æ¤ó¤À¤±¤É¡¢¥¤¥®¥ê¥¹¤ÈÆüËܤÎÃϤÎË­¤«¤µ¤È¡¢¤½¤ì¤¾¤ì¤Î¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪʸÌÀ¤È¤Î´Ø·¸¤ò¼¨º¶¤¹¤ëÏäǤϤ¢¤ë¤Í¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Emerging theories suggest that bonobos evolved on one side of the Congo River with great food abundance, whereas chimps evolved on the other side of the river where intense competition for food may have driven the apes to fight and claw their way into every fruit tree.
¡¡¡ã¥Ü¥Î¥Ü¤Ï¼«¸Ê²ÈÃܲ½¤·¤Æ¤ë¤ó¤À¤Ã¤ÆÀâ¤â¤¢¤ë¤ß¤¿¤¤¡£¤À¤È¤·¤¿¤é¡¢Àï¸å¤ÎÆüËܿͤÈƱ¤¸¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤Î¡£¿È¤Ë¤Ä¤Þ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Í¤¨¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the new findings support a theory¡¦¡¦¡¦that bonobos are ¡Èself-domesticated.¡É Whereas aggressive chimps are akin to wild wolves¡¦¡¦¡¦, bonobos act more like domesticated dogs. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/wired-to-ch...



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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the Scramble in the Shibuya district of Tokyo¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¿Í¤¬¤Ö¤Ä¤«¤ó¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤¬¿®¤¸¤é¤ì¤ó¤È¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the passing bodies seem less chaotic than in, say, Beijing or New York, moving with the cool predictability of a stopwatch. Despite so much humanity inhabiting such a confined space, there's rarely a collision, sharp elbow, shoulder-brush or unkind word.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãº£¤É¤­¤ÎÆüËܤμã¼Ô¤Ï¡¦¡¦¤È¤¤¤¦¸À¤¤Êý¤¬¤µ¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢¤É¤Ã¤³¤¤¡¢Îéµ·¡¢¾ù¤ê¹ç¤¤¤ÎÀº¿À¤¬À¸¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the Scramble captures the contradiction of modern Japan: Although so many young people seek to stand out in the crowd with the latest, zaniest fashion, their upbringing still demands civility: They may look counterculture, but they're still bound to step back and offer a stranger the right of way.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆüËܿͤϼ«Ê¬¤Î¤¤¤ë¾ì¤È¤½¤Î¾ì¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¾¼Ô¤Î¸ºß¤ò¾ï¤Ë°Õ¼±¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤«¤é¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡"Foreigners are amazed by the smaller scale of things here," said William Bodiford, a UCLA professor of Asian languages and culture. "Natives get used to negotiating tighter spaces. They're raised to be very aware of one another, notice their surroundings."
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¡¡Such spatial negotiation doesn't come easily. "It took me a long time to realize why I felt so clumsy in Japan and not nearly so in America," Bodiford said. "The desks and ceilings are lower, the spaces cramped. It's so much easier to bump into things."¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-f...



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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the British have what House calls the "etiquette of simulation". The British feign an interest in someone. They pretend to want to meet again when they don't really. They simulate concern.
¡¡Saying things like "It's nice to meet you" are rarely meant the way they are said, she says. "It's just words. It's simulating interest in the other person."
¡¡From a German perspective, this is uncomfortably close to deceit.
¡¡"Some people say that the British and Americans lie when they say things like that. It's not a lie. It's lubricating social life. It's always nice to say things like that even if you don't mean them,"¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã±Ñ¹ñ¿Í¤¬¤½¤ì¤ò¡¢¤«¤¯¤â¿¼¹ï¤Ê¾õ¶·²¼¤Ç¤ä¤é¤«¤·¤¿Î㤬½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¤³¤ê¤ã¡¢¾Ð¤¤¤¬»ß¤Þ¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Í¤¨¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Sometimes it's endearing, or at least the British think it is, as when this announcement was made by British Airways pilot Eric Moody in 1982, after flying through a cloud of volcanic ash over Indonesia:
¡¡"Ladies and gentlemen, this is your captain speaking. We have a small problem. All four engines have stopped. We are doing our damnedest to get them going again. I trust you are not in too much distress."¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13545386



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¡¡¤½¤ó¤ÊÆüËܤοʹּçµÁ¤ò¡Ö¼Ò²ñµ¬ÈϤ˽¾¡ã¤¦¡ä¡×¤È¤«¡Öµç¶þ¡×¤È¤«¤È¤È¤é¤¨¤Á¤ã¤¦¤È¡¢ÆüËܤò´Ú¹ñ¡¦¥·¥ó¥¬¥Ý¡¼¥ë¡¦¥Ñ¥­¥¹¥¿¥óÅù¤ÈƱÎó»ë¤¹¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¸í¤ê¢­¤Ë´Ù¤ë¤Î¤ÇÃí°Õ¤¬É¬ÍפÀ¤Í¡£
¡¡Korean society is the fifth most restrictive in the world after Pakistan, Malaysia, India, and Singapore, according to a study. Also referred to as "tight" cultures, ¡ã¤³¤ì¤é¤Î¼Ò²ñ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¡ä¼Ò²ñ¹½À®°÷¤¬Æü¾ï¡¢¼Ò²ñµ¬ÈϤ˽¾¤ª¤¦¤ÈÅØÎϤ·¡¢¤³¤ì¤ò°ï椹¤ë¿Í¤ò¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦·¹¸þ¤¬¤½¤ì¤À¤±¶¯¤¤¤³¤È¤ò°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¡£
¡¡¼ÁÌä»ö¹à¤Ï¡Ö¥ì¥¹¥È¥é¥ó¤Ç¥­¥¹¤Ç¤­¤ë¤«¡×¡Ö¿²¼¼¤Ç¾¿Í¤Î°­¸ý¤ò¸À¤¦¤«¡×¡ÖÏ©¾å¤Ç²Î¤ò²Î¤¨¤ë¤«¡×¤Ê¤É¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£
¡¡Led by University of Maryland psychology professor Michele Gelfand, the study assessed "the degree to which countries are restrictive versus permissive," and ÆüËÜ¡¢´Ú¹ñ¡¢¥·¥ó¥¬¥Ý¡¼¥ë¡¢¥Ñ¥­¥¹¥¿¥ó¤Ê¤É¤Ï¡¢¥¦¥¯¥é¥¤¥Ê¡¢¥¤¥¹¥é¥¨¥ë¡¢¥Ö¥é¥¸¥ë¡¢Êƹñ¤Ê¤É¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Ï¤ë¤«¤Ëµç¶þ¤Ê¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£ ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡µç¶þ¤Ê¼Ò²ñ¤Ï¶¯°µÅª¤Ê¸¢ÎϤ丷¤·¤¤¼Ò²ñÀ©ÅÙ¤¬Â¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥±¡¼¥¹¤¬Â¿¤¯¡¢¥Ñ¥­¥¹¥¿¥ó¡¢¥Þ¥ì¡¼¥·¥¢¤Ê¤É¤¬¤³¤ì¤Ë³ºÅö¤¹¤ë¡£¤Þ¤¿¡¢»ñ¸»¤Ë˳¤·¤¯¼«Á³ºÒ³²¤äÀïÁè¤ò²¿ÅÙ¤â·Ð¸³¤·¤¿¹ñ¤â¡¢¼Ò²ñµ¬ÈϤ¬¸·¤·¤¤¥±¡¼¥¹¤¬Â¿¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£
http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2011/...
http://www.chosunonline.com/news/20110530000002



#4783¡Ê2011.6.2¡Ë

¡¡¿ÍÎà¤ÎÁÄÀè¤Ï¡¢½÷À­¤¬±ó¤¯¤Þ¤Ç½Ð¤«¤±¤ÆÈÖ¤ÎÁê¼ê¤òõ¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¬È½ÌÀ¤·¤¿¡£
¡¡¤½¤ÎÍýͳ¤¬¡¢ÃËÀ­¤¿¤Á¤Ï°ì¤Ä¤Î¾ì½ê¤Ëα¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¶¨Ä´Åª¹ÔÆ°¤ò¤È¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¥á¥ê¥Ã¥È¤ò¸«½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤é¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£
¡¡¼íÎĺν¸»þÂå¤Ë¤Ï¿Í´Ö¤Ï¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦ÏäÈÀ°¹çÀ­¤Î¤¢¤ëÏäǤ¢¤ë¤¾¤Ê¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Ancient forerunners of modern men stayed close to where they were born but paired up with females from far beyond their local stomping grounds¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦males regularly stayed with the community they were born into, with females roaming into new territories as they reached sexual maturity¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡By virtue of the fact that the males choose to remain, the females are indirectly forced to leave their communities in order to avoid close inbreeding. It could be that among these early hominins, female dispersal has some correlation to close cooperative behaviour between males,¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/jun/01/fema...



#4795¡Ê2011.6.8¡Ë

¡¡¥Ñ¥ê¤òˬ¤ì¤ëÆüËܿʹѸ÷µÒ¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¥Ñ¥ê¾É¸õ·²¤ËØí¤ë¿Í¤¬·ë¹½¤¤¤ë¤ß¤¿¤¤¤Í¡£
¡¡¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¿Í¤ËÁø¶ø¤·¤Æ¹ø¤òÈ´¤«¤¹¤Ã¤Æ¤ó¤À¤±¤É¡¦¡¦¡¦¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Around a million Japanese travel to France every year.
¡¡Many of the visitors come with a deeply romantic vision of Paris - the cobbled streets, as seen in the film Amelie, the beauty of French women or the high culture and art at the Louvre.
¡¡The reality can come as a shock.
¡¡An encounter with a rude taxi driver, or a Parisian waiter who shouts at customers who cannot speak fluent French, might be laughed off by those from other Western cultures.
¡¡But for the Japanese - used to a more polite and helpful society in which voices are rarely raised in anger - the experience of their dream city turning into a nightmare can simply be too much.
¡¡This year alone, the Japanese embassy in Paris has had to repatriate four people with a doctor or nurse on board the plane to help them get over the shock.
¡¡An encounter with a rude Parisian can be a shocking experience.
¡¡They were suffering from "Paris syndrome". ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6197921.stm



#4811¡Ê2011.6.16¡Ë

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¡¡¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢¥Û¥â¡¦¥µ¥Ô¥¨¥ó¥¹¤¿¤ëÈà¤é¤¬°Ê³°¤Î¡Ê²¤½£¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¡Ë¥Í¥¢¥ó¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡¼¥ë¿Í¤È¤ÎÄ̺§¤ä¡Ê¥á¥é¥Í¥·¥¢¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¡Ë¥Ç¥Ë¥½¥ô¥¡¡ÊDenisova¡Ë¿Í¤È¤ÎÄ̺§¤Èʤó¤Ç¡¢¸¶À¸¿ÍÎàŪ¤Ê¸ºß¤ÈÄ̺§¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤é¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤ò¼¨º¶¤¹¤ë½ñɾ¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦The introduction of farming, first in Iraq and Turkey, was the single greatest event in the evolution of Homo sapiens since its emergence. From farming flowed, in an incredibly short time, population growth, craft, art, religion and technology.
¡¡New cultural practices led to radical genetic changes, the ability of northern Europeans to digest cow's milk being the most dramatic. This followed the adoption of cattle rearing and reverses the idea that genetic mutations have initiated innovation. Just as often, it seems, it has been culture that has led, genes that have followed.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡ We now see a pattern emerging of interbreeding between modern humans and earlier types: Neanderthals in Europe and Asia and Denisovans in Melanesia. There will surely be further finds. Especially interesting is East Asia, first peopled by Homo erectus as long as 1.7m years ago.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/jun/15/chris-...



#4813¡Ê2011.6.17¡Ë

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#4823¡Ê2011.6.22¡Ë

¡¡Ëü¿Í¶¦Ä̤ÎÆ»ÆÁŪȽÃÇ´ð½à¤¢¤ê¤ä¡©
¡¡±Ñ¹ñ¤Îů³Ø¼Ô¤ÎÅú¤¨¤Ï¡¦¡¦²¿¤Á¤å¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤¤¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¡Ê¶¹µÁ¤Î¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤È¼«Á³¤È¤Î¶¦À¸¡Ë¤À¤Ã¤¿¡ª
¡¡²¿Å٤Ǥâ¸À¤ï¤»¤Æ¤â¤é¤¦¤¬¡¢Íפ¹¤ë¤ËÆìʸ¿Í¡¢¹¹¤Ë¤µ¤«¤Î¤Ü¤ì¤Ð¡¢¼íÎĺν¸»þÂå¤Î¿ÍÎඦÄ̤ÎÆ»ÆÁŪȽÃÇ´ð½à¤ä¤Í¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Among philosophers, the view that moral judgements state objective truths has been out of fashion since the 1930s, when logical positivists asserted that, because there seems to be no way of verifying the truth of moral judgments, they cannot be anything other than expressions of our feelings or attitudes.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Last month, however, saw a major philosophical event: the publication of Derek Parfit¡Çs long-awaited book On What Matters.¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãT¡ä o great acclaim. Parfit¡Çs entirely secular arguments, and the comprehensive way in which he tackles alternative positions, have, for the first time in decades, put those who reject the idea that there can be objectivism in ethics on the defensive.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡When Parfit does come to the question of ¡Èwhat matters,¡É his answer might seem surprisingly obvious. He tells us, for example, that what matters most now is that ¡Èwe rich people give up some of our luxuries, ceasing to overheat the Earth¡Çs atmosphere and taking care of this planet in other ways, so that it continues to support intelligent life.¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archive...



#4843¡Ê2011.7.2¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¼ô¶µÅªÅÁÅý¤ò¼õ¤±·Ñ¤¤¤Ç¤¤¤ëÃæ¹ñ¼Ò²ñ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¿Í´Ö´Ø·¸¤Ï¡¢¡ã¼«Ê¬¤Ï¡¢Æ±¿´±ß¤Î¿Ä¡¢¤¹¤°³°Â¦¤¬¿Æ·»Äï¡¢¤½¤Î³°Â¦¤¬¿ÆÀÌ¡¢¤½¤Î³°¤ËƱ¶¿¿Í¡¦¡¦¡ä¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿¶ñ¹ç¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¥í¡¼¥ë¥±¡¼¥­¤ÎÃæ¤Ë´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¿Í´Ö¤Ï¡¢¿Í¤Ë¤¢¤é¤º¡¢¤é¤·¤¤¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Ãæ¹ñ¿Í¤¬ÊªÀ¨¤¯±ïµ¯¤òô¤°¤³¤È¤Ë¤â¡¦¡¦¡¦¤Ï¶Ã¤¯¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/world/news/110702/amr1107...



#4897¡Ê2011.7.29¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãÃø¼Ô¤Ï¡ä partially explains the tolerance of India's stunning poverty by pointing out that compassion toward strangers -- feeling like part of a common whole -- isn't a hallmark of Hinduism. "Loyalty is shown to the family or to your particular community, rather than to people in general."
¡¡¡ãÃø¼Ô¤Ï¡ä also notes that Indians, unlike their former British overseers, care little about race. But they're still obsessed by caste, although prejudice is on the decline.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2011/0...



#4901¡Ê2011.7.31¡Ë

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#4909¡Ê2011.8.4¡Ë

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#4911¡Ê2011.8.5¡Ë

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¡¡In the wake of the debt-ceiling debate, young voters might find it hard to believe that just ten years ago, ¡Ècompassionate conservative¡É was a mantle worn with a straight face by many GOP leaders. In fact, you could argue that George W. Bush split the independent vote with Al Gore in 2000 because of his image as a compassionate conservative. Now, of course, in the era of the kick-ass-and-kill-programs Tea Party, few Republicans who value their careers would run as a touchy-feely politician. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Now they¡¦¡¦¡¦are¡¦¡¦¡¦Social Darwinist/Ayn Rand¡¦¡¦¡¦.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Rand ¡Èpeddles a starkly anti-Christian philosophy.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãher¡ä individualism ¡ãand¡ä¡¦¡¦¡¦un-compassionate¡¦¡¦¡¦philosophy of atheistic self-interes¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://swampland.time.com/2011/08/05/articles-of-f...



#4925¡Ê2011.8.12¡Ë

¡¡Ìµ½¡¶µ¼Ô¤ÎÊý¤¬¡¢ÎÑÍýŪ¤Ç»à·º¡¢ÀïÁè¡¢º¹Ê̤ËÈ¿ÂФǡ¢³°¹ñ¿Í¡¢Æ±À­°¦¼Ô¡¢¥ª¥é¥ë¥»¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡¢¥Ï¥·¡¼¥·¤Ë´²Âç¤À¤È¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦secularists tend to be more ethical than religious people. On average, they are more commonly opposed to the death penalty, war and discrimination. And they also have fewer objections to foreigners, homosexuals, oral sex and hashish.
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¡¡The most surprising insight revealed by the new wave of secular research so far is that atheists know more about the God they don't believe in than the believers themselves. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÍ£°ì¿À¤Î¸ºß¤òÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¼Ô¤Ï¡¢Æ¥í¥é¥¤¥Ê¤È¥¢¡¼¥«¥ó¥µ¥¹½£¤Ç¤Ï¸ø¿¦¤Ë½¢¤±¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦In the states of South Carolina and Arkansas, those who deny the existence of a supreme being are not even permitted to hold public office.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518...

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¡¡¡ã¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¡¢¹õ¿Í¤Î¾å±¡µÄ°÷¤Ï£³¿Í¡¢Ãλö¤Ï£²¿Í¤·¤«½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦in all of its history, America has elected only three black senators and two black governors.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥ª¥Ð¥Þ¤¬»ä½Ê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¥é¥¤¥È»Õ¤Î¹õ¿Íº¹Ê̤ؤÎÅܤê¤ÏÅö¤¿¤êÁ°¤À¤È¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Recalling some of the criticisms of America¡Çs past made by Mr. Obama¡Çs former pastor¡¦¡¦¡¦Reverend Wright¡¦¡¦¡¦, ¡ÊÃø¼Ô¤Î¡ËMr. Kennedy writes with feeling about his own father, who put each of his three of his children through Princeton but who ¡Ènever forgave American society for its racist mistreatment of him and those whom he most loved.¡É
¡¡His father distrusted the police, who had frequently called him ¡Èboy,¡É and rejected patriotism. Mr. Kennedy¡Çs father ¡Èrelished Muhammad Ali¡Çs quip that the Vietcong had never called him ¡Ænigger.¡Ç ¡É The author places his father, and Mr. Wright, in sympathetic historical light.
¡¡¡ã¹õ¿Í¤¬°¦¹ñ¼çµÁŪ¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤ÏÅö¤¿¤êÁ°¤À¤È¤â¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡ÈMany Americans suspect that, in general, African-Americans are less patriotic than whites,¡É Mr. Kennedy observes. He suggests that African-Americans have never been especially fond of the Fourth of July, for example, partly because the framers of the Declaration of Independence tolerated slavery and partly because the day could be menacing. Whites sometimes ¡Ètook offense at the sight of blacks celebrating,¡É he says, ¡Èas if they were members of the American political family.¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/12/books/the-persis...

¡¡½÷À­¤ÎÊý¤¬¡Ê»ä¤Î¸ÀÍÕ¤ËÃÖ¤­´¹¤¨¤ì¤Ð¡ËÃËÀ­¤è¤ê¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤³¤ì¤«¤é¤Ï¡¢»ØƳ¼Ô¤Ë½÷À­¤ò½¢¤±¤ë¤Ù¤­¤À¤È¤è¡£¤½¤¦¤À¤½¤¦¤À¡¢¤½¤Î¤È¤ª¤ê¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ new business realities usher in the need for a new leadership model, one that replaces command and control with transparency and inclusion. This will increasingly highlight the value of a more feminine approach.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦stress seemed to increase the capacity for empathy in women while reducing it in males.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦women (from fifth grade to adulthood) had superior scores in accurately judging messages communicated by facial expressions, body movement and voice quality.
¡¡And not only are women more adept at identifying nonverbal cues, they are better at expressing them¡½employing more animation, gesture, vocal variety and emotion in their communication behavior.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-leadersh...



#4953¡Ê2011.8.26¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦When Estonians were recently asked whether religion played an important part in their life, only 20% said yes. It suggests the Baltic country is, statistically, the least religious country in the world.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14635021



#4959¡Ê2011.8.29¡Ë

¡¡²æ¡¹¤Î°äÅÁ»Ò¤Ï¡¢´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¼íÎĺν¸»þÂå¤Î»þ¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¤À¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦Ïäò²¿Å٤⤷¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤À¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î·Ï¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÏäÀ¡£¢­
¡¡¡ã¡ÖŨ¡×¤¿¤ëÌԽää´óÀ¸Ãî¤ä¥Ð¥¯¥Æ¥ê¥¢¤«¤é¡Ö²òÊü¡×¤µ¤ì¤¿¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ÅüǢɡ¢¼«Êľɡ¢¥¢¥ì¥ë¥®¡¼¡¢É԰¾㳲¡¢¼«¸ÊÌȱּÀ´µ¡ÊÃí1¡Ë¡¢»Òáò¡ÊÃí2¡Ë¡¢»õ¡¦³Ü¡¦ÌܤÎÉÔÁ´¡¢¿´¼À´µ¡¢¤¬¤â¤¿¤é¤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦In The Wild Life of Our Bodies, Rob Dunn extends that perspective beyond the farmyard to a host of other critters. It is not only our familiar furry friends whose company we have evolved to need, he argues, but even parasitic worms and bacteria. In this respect, our success in eliminating such organisms over the past century is not the unalloyed blessing it might seem.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡As evidence he points to the diseases of modernity: ¡Èdiabetes; autism; allergies; many anxiety disorders; autoimmune diseases; preeclampsia; tooth, jaw, and vision problems; and even heart disease¡É. The anxiety disorders he puts down to the removal of the original objects of our angst: big scary predators. Many of the other problems he believes are the result of an immune system which is out of kilter as it has evolved to live with a menagerie of now absent invaders.¡¦¡¦¡¦
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¡¡¡ÊÃí1¡Ë¡Ö°Ûʪ¤òǧ¼±¤·ÇÓ½ü¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÌò³ä¤ò»ý¤ÄÌȱַϤ¬¡¢¼«Ê¬¼«¿È¤ÎÀµ¾ï¤ÊºÙ˦¤äÁÈ¿¥¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Þ¤Ç²á¾ê¤ËÈ¿±þ¤·¹¶·â¤ò²Ã¤¨¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤³¤È¤Ç¾É¾õ¤òÍ褹¼À´µ¤ÎÁí¾Î¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦½÷À­¤Ë¿¤¤¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦Á´¿È¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤ê±Æ¶Á¤¬µÚ¤ÖÁ´¿ÈÀ­¼«¸ÊÌȱּÀ´µ¤È¡¢ÆÃÄê¤Î¡´ï¤À¤±¤¬±Æ¶Á¤ò¼õ¤±¤ë¡´ïÆðÛŪ¼À´µ¤Î£²¼ïÎà¤Ëʬ¤±¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦ç±¸¶É¤ϡ¢Á´¿ÈÀ­¼«¸ÊÌȱּÀ´µ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£¡×
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E5...¡¡
¡¡¡ÊÃí2¡Ë¤·¤«¤ó¡£¡Ö¼þ»º´ü¤ËÇ¥Éؤޤ¿¤ÏêóÉؤ¬°Û¾ï¤Ê¹â·ì°µ¤È¶¦¤ËáÛÚ»¤Þ¤¿¤Ï°Õ¼±ÁÓ¼º¡¢»ëÌî¾ã³²¤òµ¯¤³¤·¤¿¾õÂ֤Ǥ¢¤ë¡£Ê¬ÊÚÁ°¤Ë¤âʬÊÚÃæ¤Ë¤â»ºêó´ü¤Ë¤âµ¯¤³¤ê¤¦¤ë¡£¡×
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%99%87¡¡
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¡¡¡ã¼«Á³¤ËÀܤ·¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤¬¡¢¿ÈÂÎŪ¡¦¿´ÍýŪ·ò¹¯¤òÁ˳²¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤â¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Richard Louv, author of The Nature Principle: Human Restoration and the End of Nature-Deficit Disorder ¡¦¡¦¡¦draws on research showing that even small-scale exposure to nature -- a view of trees, a walk in the park -- can make a difference to our physical and psychological well-being. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦digital nature is better than nothing but not as good as the real thing.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/47e19728-cd99-11e0-...

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¡¡Á°¼ÔÃæ¤Î¡¢¼«ÊľɤÈÉ԰¾㳲¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¡Ö´µ¼Ô¡×¤Ë¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤ËÀܤ·¤Æ¤¢¤²¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢ÌäÂê¤Î¸²ºß²½¤ò˸¤²¡¢Áá´ü¼£ÎŤε¡²ñ¤ò°ï¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ë¤â¤Ä¤Ê¤¬¤ê¤«¤Í¤Ê¤¤¤«¤é¡¢ÆüËܿͤϿ´¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ã¤Á¤ã¤Í¡£



#4969¡Ê2011.9.3¡Ë

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¡¡¤¦¤Ã¤ÆÊѤï¤Ã¤Æ¡¢º£Æü¤Ï¾Ò²ð¤¹¤Ù¤­µ­»ö¤¬ÌÜÇò²¡¤·¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ÎÃæ¤Ë½Å¤Ã¤¿¡¼¤¤±Ñʸµ­»ö¤â¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£
¡¡¤Ê¤ª¡¢¥³¥Ô¥Ú¤¹¤ë¤Û¤É¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢°õ¾Ý¿¼¤¤Ë®Ìõµ­»ö¤¬¤³¤ì¤À¡£
¡¡¡Ö¡ãÃæ¹ñ¿Í¤¬¸«¤¿ÆüËÜ¡ä·ÉÉþ¡ª¿ûľ¿Í»á¼­Ç¤¤ÎÇطʤˡÖÃѤÎʸ²½¡×¡¢Ãæ¹ñ¿Í¤âÃѤòÃΤì¡×
http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/5832945/¡¡
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#5023¡Ê2011.9.30¡Ë

¡¡¶¦´¶¤ÏÆ»ÆÁŪ¹Ô°Ù¤Î¸¶Æ°ÎϤȤ·¤Æ¤Ï¼å¤¤¤È¤è¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ we are living in the middle of an ¡Èempathy craze.¡É There are shelfloads of books about it: ¡ÈThe Age of Empathy,¡É ¡ÈThe Empathy Gap,¡É ¡ÈThe Empathic Civilization,¡É ¡ÈTeaching Empathy.¡É There¡Çs even a brain theory that we have mirror neurons in our heads that enable us to feel what¡Çs in other people¡Çs heads and that these neurons lead to sympathetic care and moral action.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆ»ÆÁŪ¹Ô°Ù¤Ë¥³¥¹¥È¤¬¤«¤«¤ë¾ì¹ç¤ÏÆäˤ½¤¦¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡ãHowever,¡ä empathy is not a major player when it comes to moral motivation. Its contribution is negligible in children, modest in adults, and nonexistent when costs are significant.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆ»ÆÁŪ¹Ô°Ù¤Ë·ë¤Ó¤Ä¤¤¤¿¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢°Í×àìÝÕþ¤¬µ¯¤­¤ä¤¹¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Moreover¡¦¡¦¡¦empathy often leads people astray. It influences people to care more about cute victims than ugly victims. It leads to nepotism. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆâÌÌŪµ¬ÈϤò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤ª¤ì¤Ð¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¶¯¤¯¤«¤ÄŬÀÚ¤ÊÆ»ÆÁŪ¹Ô°Ù¤Î¸¶Æ°ÎϤˤʤë¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Empathy is a sideshow. If you want to make the world a better place, help people debate, understand, reform, revere and enact their¡¦¡¦¡¦ some religious, military, social or philosophic ¡¦¡¦¡¦codes. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/30/opinion/brooks-t...

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#5031¡Ê2011.10.4¡Ë

¡¡¥³¥é¥à#5025¤Ç¡¢¡Ö¹Í¤¨¤µ¤»¤é¤ì¤ë¿ô»ú¤¬Îóµó¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤È¤·¤Æ°ì¤Ä¤Îµ­»ö¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¤¬¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¼Â¤Ï½ñɾ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢ËÜÆü¡¢Æ±¤¸Ëܤνñɾ¤¬¤Þ¤¿½Ð¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢¤ä¤Ï¤ê¡Ö¹Í¤¨¤µ¤»¤é¤ì¤ë¿ô»ú¤¬Îóµó¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤Î¤Ç¡¢ºÆÅÙ¡¢¾Ò²ð¤¹¤ë¡£
¡¡¤É¤¦¤·¤Æ¡¢¤³¤ÎËܤδο´¤Î¼çÄ¥¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤Ê¤¤¤«¤È¸À¤¦¤È¡¢Ãø¼Ô¡¦¡¦¥Ï¡¼¥ô¥¡¡¼¥ÉÂç¥Ô¥ó¥«¡¼¡ÊSteven Pinker¡Ë¶µ¼ø¡Ê¿´Íý³Ø¡Ë¤¬¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Ï¸µÍèÁÆ˽¤À¤Ã¤¿¤±¤ì¤É¡¢¼¡Âè¤Ë²¹Ï¤ˤʤäƤ­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¸«²ò¤À¤«¤é¤À¡£
¡¡¤³¤Î¸«²ò¤òǧ¤á¤ë¤È¡¢¼íÎĺν¸»þÂå¤Î¿Í´Ö¤Ï²¹Ï¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¡¢»ä¤Î¿Í´Ö¼çµÁÏÀ¤Îº¬Ä줬¤°¤é¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¦¤â¤ó¤Í¡£¢­
¡¡¡ã¤¤¤ï¤æ¤ë»¦¿ÍΨ¤ÎÄã²¼¡¢¹ñ²È¤Ë¤è¤ë»¦¿Í¡Ê½è·º¡Ê´Þ¤à¹éÌä»à¡Ë¡¢ÅÛÎìµÔÂÔ¡ËΨ¤ÎÄã²¼¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Modern homicide rates in Europe¡½one of the few regions where records are trustworthy enough to permit such comparisons--are 10 to 50 times lower than in the Middle Ages. Murder rates fell by two orders of magnitude in the northeast United States between 1625 and 1900. The past few centuries have also seen precipitous drops in state-sanctioned violence. That includes corporal punishment (from cutting off the hands of thieves to whipping students) and capital punishment, especially combined with torture (drawing and quartering, burning at the stake). Slavery and despotism (which allows tyrants to kill and torture on a whim) prevail only on the margins; 800 years ago they were the rule.
¡¡¡ãÀïÁè¤Ë¤è¤ë»à¼Ô¤ÎÁí¿Í¸ýÈæ¤ÎÄã²¼¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡As for war, Pinker presents evidence that it killed on average about 20 percent of the population of pre-state societies in the Old and New Worlds, a casualty rate higher than that of the most war-torn modern states.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡ Annual war deaths have fallen over the past 60 years by more than an order of magnitude, from about 500,000 to 30,000 per year, according to one estimate. As for terrorism, you are more likely to be killed by lightning than by a terrorist.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã°Ê¾å¤Ï¡¢Ì±¼ç¼çµÁ¤ÎÉáµÚ¤È´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦over the past century the percentage of humanity living under democratic regimes has surged from 12 to over 60 percent. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤Þ¤¿¡¢½÷À­¤ÎÈòÇ¥¸¢¤Î³ÎÊݤȤ⡢¤Þ¤¿ËǰפγÈÂç¤Ë¤è¤ë¹ñ²È´Ö°Í¸´Ø·¸¤Î¿¼¤Þ¤ê¤ä¥Þ¥¹¥á¥Ç¥£¥¢¤Î½Ð¸½¤ä¼±»úΨ¤Î¸þ¾å¤Ëȼ¤¦Â¾¼Ô¤Ø¤Î¶¦´¶¤Î¿¼¤Þ¤ê¤È¤â´Ø·¸¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦when women gain access to birth control violence tends to subside along with population growth. The rise of international trade, which makes nations increasingly dependent on each other, has helped, too. So have mass media and the spread of literacy, which promote empathy for others beyond our family, tribe, nation, and even species.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.slate.com/articles/Arts/books/2011/10/s...



#5039¡Ê2011.10.8¡Ë

¡¡¥Ô¥ó¥«¡¼¤Î¿·Ãø¤Î½ñɾ¡Ê¥³¥é¥à#5031¡Ë¤¬¿·¤¿¤Ë£²¤Ä½Ð¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¢­
¡¡¡ã¢­¤É¤¦¤ä¤é¡¢¼íÎĺν¸»þÂå¤Ê¤¤¤·Æìʸ»þÂå¤Ï¡¢¿Í¸ýÈæ¤Ç¡ÊÀïÁèÅù¤Ë¤è¤ë¡Ë»¦¿Í¤¬º£¤è¤ê¿¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤¬ÄÌÀâ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤Ù¤¸¤¿¤ó¤µ¤ó¡¢¤½¤¦¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤È»ä¤¬½ñ¤¤¤¿²áµî¤Î»öÎã¤ò¶µ¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤±¤Þ¤»¤ó¤«¡£¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Some studies are based on skeletons found at archaeological sites; averaging their results suggests that 15 percent of prehistoric humans met a violent death at the hands of another person. Research into contemporary or recent hunter-gatherer societies yields a remarkably similarly average, while another cluster of studies of pre-state societies that include some horticulture has an even higher rate of violent death. In contrast, among state societies, the most violent appears to have been Aztec Mexico, in which 5 percent of people were killed by others. In Europe, even during the bloodiest periods ¡½ the 17th century and the first half of the 20th -- deaths in war were around 3 percent. The data vindicates Hobbes¡Çs basic insight, that without a state, life is likely to be ¡Ènasty, brutish and short.¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤É¤ó¤É¤ó¿Í´Ö¤ÎIQ¤Ï¹â¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤ë¤ó¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the ¡ÈFlynn effect¡É -- the remarkable finding by the philosopher James Flynn that ever since I.Q. tests were first administered, the scores achieved by those taking the test have been rising. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÊÆÂçÅýÎΤÎIQ¤¬¹â¤¤¤Û¤É¡¢Êƹñ¤¬¤é¤ß¤ÎÀïÁè¤Ç¤Î»à¼Ô¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦since 1946, there has been a negative correlation between an American president¡Çs I.Q. and the number of battle deaths in wars involving the United States.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãµ¤²¹¤¬¹â¤¤¤È»¦¿ÍΨ¤¬¹â¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤ó¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦in tropical regions, the risk of a new civil conflict doubles during El Nino years (when temperatures are hotter than usual and there is less rainfall). If that finding is correct, then a warming world could mean the end of the relatively peaceful era in which we are now living.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/09/books/review/the...
¡¡¡ã°ìÈÖ»¦¿ÍΨ¤Î¹â¤«¤Ã¤¿Îò»Ë¾å¤Î½ÐÍè»ö¤Ï¡¢Åâ¤Î»þ¤Î°Â»Ë¤ÎÍð¡Ê¡á°ÂϽ»³¤ÎÍð¡£755¡Á763ǯ¡£Åâ¤ÎÀáÅٻȡ¦°ÂϽ»³¤È¤½¤ÎÉô²¼¤Î»Ë»×ÌÀµÚ¤Ó¤½¤Î»Ò¶¡Ã£¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ°ú¤­µ¯¤³¤µ¤ì¤¿Â絬ÌϤÊÈ¿Íð¡£http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8F%B2%E3...¡Ë¡¢ÆóÈÖÌܤ¬13À¤µª¤Î¥â¥ó¥´¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ëÀ¬ÉþÀïÁè¤À¤È¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦The worst of all¡¦¡¦¡¦was the eighth-century An Lushan revolt and civil war that killed 36m in and around China (equivalent to 429m deaths in the mid-20th century). Second worst was the 13th-century Mongol conquests (40m deaths, equivalent to 278m in the mid-20th century).¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/910d787a-eb91-11e0-...



#5041¡Ê2011.10.9¡Ë

¡¡¥Ô¥ó¥«¡¼¤Î¿·Ãø¤Î½ñɾ¡Ê¥³¥é¥à#5031¡¢5039¡Ë¤¬¤Þ¤¿¤Þ¤¿½Ð¤Æ¤¿¡£
¡¡¡ÖÊÆÂçÅýÎΤÎIQ¤¬¹â¤¤¤Û¤É¡¢Êƹñ¤¬¤é¤ß¤ÎÀïÁè¤Ç¤Î»à¼Ô¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¤¡×¡Ê¥³¥é¥à#5039¡Ë¤Ë·ã¤·¤¯³ú¤ß¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤ëÉôʬ¤À¤±°úÍѤ·¤È¤¯¤è¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãPinker¡ä measures the IQ of presidents (don¡Çt ask how) and concludes that ¡Èfor every presidential IQ point, 13,440 fewer people die in battle, though it is more accurate to say that the three smartest postwar presidents, Kennedy, Carter, and Clinton, kept the country out of destructive wars.¡É (At that point, violence overcame me ¡½ I threw this book across the room.) Kennedy (most serious historians agree) took America into the quagmire of Vietnam, a very destructive war. And what of Eisenhower, the least bellicose of postwar presidents? Was he intelligent or just lucky? ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/...



#5055¡Ê2011.10.16¡Ë

¡¡¥Ô¥ó¥«¡¼¤ÎÎã¤Î¿·Ãø¤Î½ñɾ¡ÊÂÐÃÌÉÕ¤­¡Ë¤¬¤Þ¤¿ºÜ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤¬¡¢»ÄµÔ¹Ô°Ù¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×20¤Îɽ¤Ïɬ¸«¡£
¡¡12°Ì¤Î²¼·Ç¤Ï¿§¡¹¹Í¤¨¤µ¤»¤é¤ì¤â¤Î¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£
¡¡¤Ê¤ª¡¢»ÙÆá¤Çµ¯¤³¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤¬£µ¤Ä½Ð¤Æ¤¯¤ë¤¬¡¢»ÙÆá¤â´Ø¤ï¤Ã¤¿ÂèÆó¼¡À¤³¦ÂçÀï¤ò´Þ¤á¤ì¤Ð¡¢¥È¥Ã¥×20Ãæ»ÙÆ᤬»°Ê¬¤Î°ì¼å¤òÀê¤á¤ë¡£¡Ê¤³¤Î¤Û¤«¡¢¥â¥ó¥´¥ë¤ä¥Æ¥£¥à¡¼¥ë¤Ë¤è¤ë»ÄµÔ¹Ô°Ù¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¡Ë
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦British India (mostly preventable famine) 19th¡ãcentury¡ä 17m ¡ã¡Ê»à¼Ô¿ô¡Ë 35m¡Ê20À¤µª´¹»»»à¼Ô¿ô¡Ë 12¡ã°Ì¡ä¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/oct/15/stev...



#5061¡Ê2011.10.19¡Ë

¡¡Ãæ¿È¤¬¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢ÉԻ׵ĤËÆɤޤ»¤ë¥³¥é¥àÆó¤Ä¡£¢­

¡¡¡ÖÀ¤³¦°ì¤òÀ¸¤ó¤ÀÈë·í¤Ï¡¢¤Ê¤ó¤È¡Ö¥ï¥¤¥¬¥ä¡×¡¦¡¦¡¦¡×
http://business.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/manage/2011...
¡¡¡Ö¡ÖÃæ¹ñ¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤Î¤Ï³×Ì¿¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¡×iPhone°®¤ê¹ʸ¤ÎºÆÍè¤òÌ´ÁÛ¤¹¤ë¡¦¡¦¡¦¡×
http://business.nikkeibp.co.jp/article/world/20111...

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¡¡¼Ö¤Ëíफ¤ì¤¿ÍÄ»ù¤Ë¸«¤Æ¸«¤Ì¤Õ¤ê¤ò³¤±¤¿Ã润¤Î»Ô̱ã¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¤Ë¡¢¼«»¦¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ËÆþ¿å¤·¤¿Ã润¤Î½÷À­¤ò½õ¤±¤Æ̾Á°¤âÌÀ¤«¤µ¤º¤ËΩ¤Áµî¤Ã¤¿Êƹñ¿Í½÷À­¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦Æó¤Ä¤ÎÁÞÏäò¤É¤¦Íý²ò¤¹¤Ù¤­¤«¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦µ­»ö¤À¡£¢­
¡¡Last Thursday, a van navigating the narrow streets of a hardware market in Foshan, in the southern province of Guangdong, struck and ran over a 2-year-old girl. The driver paused, then drove away. A surveillance camera showed that the toddler lay grievously injured for seven minutes, ignored by at least 18 passers-by, while a second vehicle ran over the child and drove on. A 57-year-old rag collector finally went to her aid.
¡¡The next day an apparently suicidal woman jumped into a lake in Hangzhou, a city southwest of Shanghai, and began flailing helplessly. A woman widely reported to be an American threw off her coat, swam the 65 feet to the drowning woman and expertly hauled her to shore. And then, seeing she was safe, the rescuer left without giving her name. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤è¤¯¡¢Ãæ¹ñ¶¦»ºÅޤˤè¤Ã¤Æ»ÙÆá¼Ò²ñ¤ÎÅÁÅýŪ²ÁÃͤ¬ÇÑ´þ¤µ¤ì¡¢»Ä¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ïʪ¼ÁŪµ²²î´¶¡ã¡ÊÇÒ¶â¼çµÁ¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¡Ë¡ä¤À¤±¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤ÈÀâÌÀ¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡All the traditional values of Chinese society were thrown out the window to make way for Mao and the rest of the party leadership. But that died long ago, and there was nothing to replace it except a materialistic hunger.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤·¤«¤·¡¢´û¤Ë1894ǯ¤Ë¡¢Êƹñ¿ÍÀ붵»Õ¤¬¡¢»ÙÆá¿Í¤Ë¤Ïsympathy¡ÊƱ¾ð¿´¡Ë¤¬·çÍ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¢¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡In 1894, an American missionary, Arthur H. Smith, wrote an influential book, ¡ÈChinese Characteristics,¡É in which a chapter, ¡ÈThe Absence of Sympathy,¡É raised similar questions.
¡ÈUnwillingness to give help to others, unless there is some special reason for doing so, is a trait that runs through Chinese social relations in multifold manifestations,¡É he wrote. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Ê¤é路¤â¾¿Í¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¶¦´¶Ç½ÎÏ¡Êempathy¡Ë¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤È¤³¤í¤¬¡¢²¤ÊƤǤϡ¢¸Ä¿Í¤ÎÎɤ¤¹Ô¤¤¤¬À¤³¦¤òÊѤ¨¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬¶¯Ä´¤µ¤ì¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢»ÙÆá¤Ç¤Ï¡¢²È²¤ä¿Æ¤·¤¤Í§¿Í¤ò¼é¤ëµÁ̳¤Ë¡¢¤è¤ê¾ÇÅÀ¤¬¤¢¤Æ¤é¤ì¤ë¤Î¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡ In truth, everyone has empathy for his fellow citizens¡¦¡¦¡¦whereas a Westerner might stress an individual¡Çs ability to change the world with one good deed, the Chinese worldview might center more on the duty to protect family members and close friends. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/world/asia/toddl...
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen_Guangcheng
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦In the year since the blind lawyer Chen Guangcheng was released from jail and promptly imprisoned at home, a trickle of foolhardy souls has been thus rebuffed after attempting to penetrate the cordon of paid thugs who repel visitors from his village in eastern Shandong Province. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡But during the past two weeks, the trickle of would-be visitors has become a campaign, with dozens of admirers and activists from across the country embarking on the journey¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/world/asia/despi...



#5063¡Ê2011.10.20¡Ë

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http://blog.ohtan.net/archives/52105140.html

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#5065¡Ê2011.10.21¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦tens of millions were exposed, for instance, to famine and early death in India and Ireland when the British turned them into laboratories for experiments in unfettered free trade.
¡¡¡ã±ÑÎÎ¥¤¥ó¥É¤Ç¤Î¥¤¥ó¥É¿Í¤ÎÂçÎÌ»à¤Ï¡¢¥Ê¥Á¥¹¤Î¤½¤ì¤ËÁêÅö¤¹¤ë¿ÍÆ»¤ËÂФ¹¤ëºá¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡These were not ¡Ègenocides¡É or ¡Èholocausts¡É, as some leftwing critics of empire allege. But, perpetrated by British free traders, they were certainly the first of the modern era¡Çs uniquely ideological crimes, for which the central planners of communist regimes are more commonly blamed. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the rulers of the British empire will one day be perceived to rank with the dictators of the 20th century as the authors of crimes against humanity on an infamous scale¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥Í¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢1936ǯ¤Ë´û¤Ë±ÑÄë¹ñ¼çµÁ¤ò¥Ê¥Á¥º¥à¤ÎÁлҤη»Äï¤À¡¢¤È·ÁÍƤ·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤é¤·¤¤¤Í¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Nehru¡Çs inveterate Anglophilia did not water down his analysis in 1936 that British imperialism was the ¡Ètwin brother¡É of Nazism, with the ¡Èvariation¡É that the former ¡Èfunctioned abroad in colonies and dependencies¡É while the latter presumed to function the same way in Europe.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/3b56dac0-f992-11e0-...

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¡¡Black people are being systematically and intentionally excluded from jury service in parts of Alabama almost 140 years after the practice was outlawed in the US, a lawsuit lodged with the federal courts alleges.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Racial discrimination in jury selection was banned under the 1875 Civil Rights Act, but prosecutors in many southern states continued to achieve all-white juries through the use of pre-emptive ruses that excluded black people through the application of seemingly non-racial criteria.
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦racial discrimination was still rampant in courtrooms across Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Tennessee.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦though 24% of the population in the two Alabama counties was black, only 5% of the jurors sitting on death penalty cases prosecuted by Valeska and his team in those areas was African American.
¡¡It further alleges that the prosecutors intentionally struck off 82% of the eligible black jurors in death penalty cases between 2006 and 2010, leading to juries that were all white or had only a single black juror.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/oct/21/race-d...

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the Putinistas have two main motives. One is grudge-bearing nationalism, allied to a deep conviction that other countries operate in the same way, even if their rulers suborn courts and elections more neatly. As he notes, those nationalistic instincts don't stop some senior apparatchiks stashing their assets and in some cases their families in London.
¡¡The other, more important motive is personal enrichment. On the face of it, this is a paradox: why pillage a country that you want to flourish? Though Harding doesn't explore it, the reasoning of the ruling class seems to go like this. In theory, and eventually, Russia must be great (ie, feared by others; the welfare of its citizens is not a big consideration). But this particular Russia, the one we have inherited, is a contemptible mess -- and if we don't plunder it, someone else will.¡¦¡¦¡¦
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ in Russia, there are no politics or business stories: "There are only crime stories."¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/oct/21/mafia-...



#5069¡Ê2011.10.23¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦An estimated 50 percent of all extended black and Hispanic families in the United States have had a member incarcerated in the past 35 years. For the poorest in both groups, the figure approaches 100 percent. Drucker points out that black males between 21 and 44 are 40 times more likely to be incarcerated for drug offenses than white males of the same age group. In light of numerous studies showing that people of all races are about equally likely to use and sell illegal drugs, this is a telling statistic, to say the least.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦an epidemic that first broke out as slavery and later as Jim Crow, and now has mutated, resurfacing in a new form. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/...
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦40 percent of African American kids still attended schools that were almost completely segregated. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/...
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ÈDolphins are among the smartest creatures on the planet ¡½ fully conscious, creative, and highly communicative, with an intelligence rare in nature,¡É writes Diana Reiss in ¡ÈThe Dolphin in the Mirror.¡É Now Director of Dolphin Research at Baltimore¡Çs National Aquarium¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Reiss, who served as an adviser on the Oscar-winning 2009 film ¡ÈThe Cove,¡É which documented bloody dolphin hunts in Tajii, Japan, writes passionately about the need to protect these sentient creatures who she believes are capable of empathy. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/...

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¡¡ IT¡ÇS a puzzle: one dispossessed group after another -- blacks, women, Hispanics and gays -- has been gradually accepted in the United States, granted equal rights and brought into the mainstream.
¡¡At the same time, in economic terms, the United States has gone from being a comparatively egalitarian society to one of the most unequal democracies in the world.
¡¡The two shifts are each huge and hugely important: one shows a steady march toward democratic inclusion, the other toward a tolerance of economic stratification that would have been unthinkable a generation ago. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã²¤½£¤¸¤ã·ÐºÑŪʿÅù¤¬°Ý»ý¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤¬¡¢¥Þ¥¤¥Î¥ê¥Æ¥£¡¼¤ËÂФ¹¤ëº¹Ê̤¬»Ä¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Other nations seem to face the same challenge: either inclusive, or economically just. Europe has maintained much more economic equality but is struggling greatly with inclusiveness and discrimination, and is far less open to minorities than is the United States. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ÈI do think there is a trade-off between inclusion and equality,¡É said Gary Becker, a professor of economics at the University of Chicago and a Nobel laureate. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÃÏÍýŪ°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Î²¤½£¤ÎÃæ¤Ç¡¢±Ñ¹ñ¤À¤±¤ÏÊƹñ¤È¾õ¶·¤¬»÷¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡ Of the European countries, Britain¡Çs politics of inequality and inclusion most resemble those of the United States. Even as inequality has grown considerably, the British sense of economic class has diminished. As recently as 1988, some 67 percent of British citizens proudly identified themselves as working class. Now only 24 percent do. Almost everybody below the Queen and above the poverty line considers himself or herself ¡Èmiddle class.¡É
¡¡¡ã¥É¥¤¥Ä¤¸¤ã¡¢10ºÐ¤Î»þ¤ËÂç³Ø¿Ê³ØÁȤȿ¦¶È·±Îý¹»¹Ô¤­¤È¤ËʬÊ̤µ¤ì¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Germany still has robust protections for its workers and one of the healthiest economies in Europe. Children at age 10 are placed on different tracks, some leading to university and others to vocational school -- a closing off of opportunity that Americans would find intolerable. But it is uncontroversial because those attending vocational school often earn as much as those who attend university. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÊƹñ¤Î·ÐºÑÉÔÊ¿ÅùÅ٤ϡ¢Â網¹²Ä¾Á°¤Î¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤Ë²óµ¢¤·¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡ From the 1930s to the 1960s, the income of the less affluent Americans grew more quickly than that of their wealthier neighbors, and the richest 1 percent saw its share of the national income shrink to 8.9 percent in the mid-1970s, from 23.9 percent in 1928. That share is now back up to more than 20 percent, its level before the Depression.
¡¡¡ãµ¡²ñ¤ÎÊ¿Åù»Ö¸þ¤Ç¾ò·ï¤ÎÊ¿Åù»Ö¸þ¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤Êƹñ¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤¤¤Þ¤ä¡¢·ÐºÑ³¬ÁØ´Ö°ÜÆ°¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ê¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Inequality has traditionally been acceptable to Americans if accompanied by mobility. But most recent studies of economic mobility indicate that it is getting even harder for people to jump from one economic class to another in the United States, harder to join the elite. While Americans are used to considering equal opportunity and equality of condition as separate issues, they may need to reconsider.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/23/opinion/sunday/s...

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#5083¡Ê2011.10.30¡Ë

¡¡¥¢¥é¥Ö¤Î½Õ¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¤È¤³¤í¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò»ØƳ¤¹¤ë»×ÁÛ¡¢»×ÁÛ²ÈÈ´¤­¤Ç¹Ô¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤­¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£
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¡¡¥¢¥ó¥°¥í¥µ¥¯¥½¥ó²½¡¦¡¦¥¢¥ó¥°¥í¥µ¥¯¥½¥ó¡¦¥¦¥§¥¤¡¦¥ª¥Ö¡¦¥é¥¤¥Õ¤ÎÄɵᡦ¡¦¤¬¥â¥Á¡¼¥Õ¤À¤«¤é¡¢¡Ö»×Áۡס¢¡Ö»×Á۲ȡפʤó¤Æ¤¤¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤è¡£
¡¡¥Û¥ó¥È¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܿͤ¬¡¢Èà¤é¤Ë¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤È¤¤¤¦¡Ö²Ê³ØŪ¡×¡Ö»×ÁۡפòÄ󶡤¹¤Ù¤­¤Ê¤ó¤À¤±¤É¤Í¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦More than 10 months after it started with the suicide of a Tunisian fruit vendor, the great wave of insurrection across the Arab world has toppled three autocrats and led last week in Tunisia to an election that many hailed as the dawn of a new era. It has not yielded any clear political or economic project, or any intellectual standard-bearers of the kind who shaped almost every modern revolution from 1776 onward. In those revolts, thinkers or ideologues -- from Thomas Paine to Lenin to Mao to Vaclav Havel -- helped provide a unifying vision or became symbols of a people¡Çs aspirations.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/30/sunday-review/th...



#5121¡Ê2011.11.18¡Ë

¡¡¿Í´Ö¡Ê¤¸¤ó¤«¤ó¡Ë¼çµÁŪ¤Ê¿Í­ð¥ª¥­¥·¥È¥·¥ó´¶¼õÀ­¤¬¹â¤¤¿Í¡áÆÃÄê¤Î°äÅÁ»Ò¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¿Í¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤¿¤é¤·¤¤¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦The genetic variation affects the receptor for oxytocin, often referred to as the "love hormone" or "cuddle chemical" because it plays a role in social bonding, trust, empathy and generosity. Levels of oxytocin increase during orgasm and childbirth, and it helps the formation of bonds between friends, lovers, and parents and children.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦people with two G variants of the gene are more empathetic and "prosocial," showing more compassion, cooperation and positive emotion. In contrast, those with the at least one A version of the gene tend to be less empathetic, may have worse mental health and are more likely to be autistic.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤¿¤À¤·¡¢°äÅÁ¤Ï¿Í´Ö¤ÎÆÃħ¤ÎÌóȾʬ¤·¤«µ¬Äꤷ¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò¤ªËº¤ì¤Ê¤¯¤È¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Our biological makeup only accounts for less than half of our traits, and this one genetic variation interacts with many other genes, experiences, societal structure, etc."¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://healthland.time.com/2011/11/17/telltale-sig...



#5123¡Ê2011.11.19¡Ë

¡¡ÍŲø¡ÊÍŤ·¡Ë¤Ï¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¡¢¤È¤ê¤ï¤±ÆüËܤˤª¤±¤ë¤½¤ì¡¢¤òÍý²ò¤¹¤ë¸°¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡¢¤È¸À¤¨¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤«¤í¤¦¤«¡£¿Í̱Ì֤Τʤ«¤Ê¤«½¨°ï¤Êµ­»ö¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Â¿¤¯¤Î¹ñ¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ÍŲø¤ò¡Ö¿ÀÏäËÅо줹¤ë¡¢»Ñ·Á¤¬´ñ²ø¤Ç¶²¤í¤·¤¯¡¢ÍŽѤòÁà¤ê¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Ë³²¤òµÚ¤Ü¤¹²½¤±Êª¡×¤ÈÄêµÁ¤Å¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤³¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê²ò¼á¤È¤Ï°Û¤Ê¤ê¡¢ÆüËܿͤˤȤäơ¢ÍŲø¤È¤¤¤¦¸ì¶ç¤¬»ý¤Ä°ÕÌ£¹ç¤¤¤Ï¡¢Îɤ¯¤â°­¤¯¤â¤Ê¤¯¡ÖÃæÀ­Åª¡×¤À¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡ÆüËܤÎÍŲø¤Ï¡¢Á±ÎɤDzݦ¤é¤·¤¤Ì̤ò»ý¤Ä°ìÊý¡¢º¨¤ß¿É¤ß¤Ë°î¤ì¤¿¼Ù°­¤ÊÌ̤â»ý¤Á¹ç¤ï¤»¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ÆüËܤÎ̱¯³Ø¼Ô¡¦ÌøÅĹñÃË»á¤Ï¡¢¡ÖÆüËܤÎÍŲø¤ÎºÇÂç¤ÎÆÃħ¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ÎÆóÌÌÀ­¤Ë¤¢¤ë¡£Á±¤È°­¤¬´Êñ¤ËÆþ¤ìÂؤï¤ë¤Î¤À¡×¤È¤Î¸«Êý¤ò¼¨¤¹¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡ÆüËܿ͸¦µæ¼Ô¤ÎʬÀϹͻ¡¤Ë¤è¤ë¤È¡¢ÆüËܤÎÍŲø»Ë¤ÏÂ礭¤¯Ê¬¤±¤Æ£³Ãʳ¬¤Ëʬ¤«¤ì¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¡£½é´ü¤ÎÍŲø¤Ï¡¢²ÏƸ¤äÅ·¶é¤Ê¤É¡¢¼«Á³³¦¤äưʪ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¿Í´Ö¤Î°Ú·É¤ÎÇ°¤«¤éÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¤¿¡£¤½¤Î¸å¡¢¿Í¹©À½ÉʤÎÅоì¤Ëȼ¤¤¡¢¿Í¡¹¤Ï¤½¤ì¤é¤ÎÀ½Éʤˤ⺲¤¬¤¢¤ë¤È´¶¤¸¡¢Æ»¶ñÎफ¤éÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¤¿ÍŲø¤¬ÃÂÀ¸¤·¤¿¡£Í­Ì¾¤Ê¡ÖÉ´µ´Ìë¹Ô³¨´¬¡×¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¤µ¤Þ¤¶¤Þ¤ÊÇÑÉʤ¬ÍŲø¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¡¢ÉÔËþ¤Ê´é¤ò¤·¤Æ³¹Æ¬¤òÎý¤êÊ⤯ÍͻҤ¬ÉÁ¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Â裳Ãʳ¬¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤È¡¢ÆüËܼҲñ¤Ï¤¤¤Ã¤½¤¦À®½Ï¤·¡¢¿Í´Ö´Ø·¸¤¬Æü¾ïÀ¸³è¤Î½ÅÍ×Í×ÁǤȤʤꡢ¿Í´Ö¤«¤éÊѲ½¤·¤¿ÍŲø¤¬¼çή¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://j.people.com.cn/94475/7649472.html



#5167¡Ê2011.12.11¡Ë

¡¡¡Ö¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¡¦Í£°ì¿À¡¦¿Í¸¢¡×¡Ê¥³¥é¥à#4880¡¢4882¡¢4884¡Ë¥·¥ê¡¼¥º¤ä¥³¥é¥à#4885¤Ç»ä¤¬¼çÄ¥¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤ò¿¿¤Ã¸þ¤«¤éÈÝÄꤹ¤ë¥³¥é¥à¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¿¤Ê¡£¢­
¡¡¡ã¾éÃ̤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Individualism ¡ãis¡ä¡¡a basic human right¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã²¿¤ÇÀïÁ°¤ÎÆüËܤΡ֥ʥ·¥ç¥Ê¥ê¥º¥à¡×¤¬¶¦»º¼çµÁ¤ä¥Ê¥Á¥º¥à¤ä¥¤¥¹¥é¥à¸¶Íý¼çµÁ¤ÈÊÂÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤ë¤ó¤À¤è¡©¢­¡ä
¡¡We have seen enough terror and crimes against individuals in the name of anti-individual identities, committed in the name of communal (communism in all forms), national (Japan¡Çs imperialism), religious (Sept. 11, 2001, attacks), cultural (female genital mutilation) or ethnic identity (Nazi Germany).
¡¡¡ã¤½¤¦¤À¤è¡£¤À¤«¤éÀïÁ°¤ÎÆüËܤòÊÂÃÖ¤µ¤»¤Á¤ã¤¤¤±¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Individuals have the right to live according to their ideas and governments have the duty to secure the possibility of this. The state itself, however, must remain neutral with regard to the life choices of individuals.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÃ润Åù¤Î¾§¤¨¤ë¡Ö¥¢¥¸¥¢Åª½ô²ÁÃ͡פʤó¤Á¤å¤¦¤Î¤Ï¤à¤í¤ó¥¤¥ó¥Á¥­¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡This approach has been always contested. More recent criticism comes from countries still immersed in ¡Èthick¡É traditions, insisting on the communal nature (or definition) of human beings, which, subsequently, would require a cultural reformulation of human rights that secures greater influence of the state or the community on the individual¡Çs way of life. China¡Çs propagation of so-called ¡ÈAsian values¡É is such an example.
¡¡¡ã¸½ºß¤â¤Þ¤¿¡¢ÆüËܤ¬ÂæÏÑ¡¢Ã润¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¥Þ¥¤¥±¥ë¡¦¥µ¥ó¥Ç¥ëÂçÀèÀ¸¡Ê¥³¥é¥à#3622¡¢3624¡¢3626¡¢4862¡Ë¤ÈÊÂÃÖ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£Ã润¤ÏÏƤËÃÖ¤¤¤È¤¯¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢¤½¤ÎÄ̤ê¤À¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡US political philosopher Michael Sandel¡Çs ¡Èencumbered self¡É is another one and it is no coincidence his book, Justice, has become so popular in countries with ¡Èthick¡É cultures, such as Taiwan, China and Japan.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archive...



#5171¡Ê2011.12.13¡Ë

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¡¡Âç´½÷À­¤ò³èÍѤ¹¤ì¤Ð¡¢GDP¤Ï15%¾å¾º¤¹¤ë¤È¤µ¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Japanese women constitute nearly half (48%) of university graduates. Yet this tranche of talent is woefully underutilized: Only 67% of college-educated women are currently employed, and many of them either languish in low-paid, part-time jobs or are shunted into dead-end ¡Èoffice-lady¡É roles serving tea for male managers and dusting their desks at the end of the day.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦better using its educated women would be an innovation that¡¦¡¦¡¦would add 8.2 million brains to the workforce and boost the economy by 15%. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://ideas.time.com/2011/12/11/japans-working-wo...

¡¡ÌîÅļóÁê¡¢Ã˽÷º¹ÊÌűÇѤò¤Ö¤Á¤¢¤²¤¿¤é¤¤¤¤¤Î¤Ë¤Ê¤¢¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ÌîÅÄÆâ³Õ¤Î»Ù»ýΨ¤¬£¹·î¤Îȯ­ľ¸å¤Î65%¤«¤é£³¤«·î¤Ç42%¤Ø¤È²¼Í¤¿¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/politics/news/20111212-OY...



#5179¡Ê2011.12.17¡Ë

¡¡¤³¤ì¡¢»ÙÆá¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¼ô¶µ¤ÈÆüËܤˤª¤±¤ë¼ô¶µ¤Î°ìÈÖÂ礭¤¯°ã¤¦ÅÀ¤Ê¤ó¤À¤±¤É¡¢Ãé¿Ã¢¤¬Âêºà¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤¬ÌÌÇò¤¤¤Í¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Å¨Æ¤¤Á¤Ï¤½¤ÎËءʤۤȤó¡Ë¤É¤¬¿Æ·»Äï¤Î̵ǰ¤òÀ²¤é¤¹¤¿¤á¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¼ç·¯¤ÎŨ¤òƤ¤Ä¤Ê¤É¤È¤¤¤¦»öÎã¤Ï¤¢¤êÆÀ¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£¤½¤¦¤¤¤¦ÅÀ¤Ç¡¢¡ãÃé¿Ã¢¤Ï¡¢¡ä¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤¯¿·¤·¤¤»×ÁÛŪ¤Ê»ö·ï¤Ç¤â¤¢¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£
¡¡¤½¤Î¾Úº¸¤òƤ¤ÁÆþ¤ëºÝ¤Ë·Ç¤²¤é¤ì¤¿¡ÖÀõÌîÆ⾢Ƭ²ÈÍè¸ý¾å¡×¤Ë±®¡Ê¤¦¤«¤¬¡Ë¤¦¤³¤È¤¬½ÐÍè¤ë¡£»ö¤Î·Ð°Þ¤È¼ç·¯¤Î̵ǰ¤ò»×¤¦¿´¶­¤òÅÇϪ¤·¤¿¸å¡¢·ë¤Ó¤ËÃíÌܤ¹¤Ù¤­°ìʸ¤ò½ñ¤­ÉÕ¤±¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¡Ý¡Ý¡Ö·¯Éã¤Î½²¡Ê¤¢¤À¡Ë¤Ï¶æ¡Ê¤È¤â¡Ë¤ËÅ·¤òÂסʤ¤¤¿¤À¡Ë¤«¤¶¤ë¤Îµ·¡¢Ìۻߤ·Æñ¤¯¡¢º£Æü¾åÌî²ðŸæÂð¤Ø¿ä»²»Å¤ê¸õ¡×¤È¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¸ý¾å¤Î¸¶°Æ¤ò¸«¤¿»þ¡¢µÁ»Î¤Î°ì¿Í¡¢ËÙÉô°Âʼ±Ò¤Ï¤³¤Î²Õ½ê¤Ëµ¿Ç°¤òÊú¤¤¤¿¡£¤Ê¤Ë¤æ¤¨¤«¡£¤½¤ì¤Ïŵµò¤È¤·¤¿Ãæ¹ñ¸Åŵ¤Î¡ØÎéµ­¡Ù¤Ë¤Ï¡ÖÉã¤Î½²¤ÏÍ¿¤Ë¶¦¤ËÅ·¤òÂפ«¤º¡×¤È¤¢¤ê¡¢¡Ö·¯Éã¡×¤Ê¤ë¸ÀÍդϤɤ³¤Ë¤â¸«Åö¤¿¤é¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤«¤é¤À¡£
¡¡¤½¤³¤ÇËÙÉô¤Ï¡¢¤«¤Ä¤Æ¤Î·õ½Ñ¤ÎƱÌç¤Ç¼ô¼Ô¤ÎºÙ°æ¹­Âô¤ò¤Ò¤½¤«¤Ëˬ¤Í¡¢°Õ¸«¤òµá¤á¤¿¡£ºÙ°æ¤Ï¤³¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ïɬ¤º¤·¤â½Ðŵ¤Îʸ¸À¤Ë¤³¤À¤ï¤ëɬÍפϤʤ¤¤È²óÅú¡£¤³¤ì¤òʹ¤¤¤ÆËÙÉô¤Ï°ÂÅȡʤ¢¤ó¤É¡Ë¤·¤Æµ¢¤Ã¤Æ¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¡£
¡¡°Ê¾å¤Î¤´¤È¤¯¡ØÎéµ­¡Ù¤òµò¤ê½ê¤È¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¤â¡¢´º¤¨¤Æ¡ÖÉã¡×¤ò¡Ö·¯Éã¡×¤È¸À¤¤´¹¤¨¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¡ãÆ⢽õ¤Ï¡äÆȼ«¤Î¹Ôưů³Ø¤òÁϤ¤·¤¿¡ã¤Î¤À¡¢¡ä¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/life/news/111217/art11121...



#5189¡Ê2011.12.22¡Ë

¡¡¥À¥é¥¤¡¦¥é¥Þ¤¬¤½¤Î¿·Ãø¤Ç¡¢»ä¤È¤Û¤È¤ó¤ÉƱ¤¸¤³¤È¤ò¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¤è¡£
¡¡Íפ¹¤ë¤Ë¡¢½¡¶µ¤Ê¤ó¤Æ¤É¤¦¤Ç¤â¤¤¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Æ±¾ð¿´¡Êcompassion¡Ë¤³¤½ÉԲķç¤À¤È¤µ¡£
¡¡¤³¤ÎËܤϿʹּçµÁ¤Î¥¹¥¹¥á¤À¤Ê¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Dalai Lama¡¦¡¦¡¦argues in his new book that what is more important is "an approach to ethics which makes no recourse to religion and can be equally accessible to those with faith and those without; a secular ethics."
A metaphor the Dalai Lama likes to use goes like this: The difference between ethics and religion is like the difference between water and tea. Ethics without religious content is water, a critical requirement for health and survival. Ethics grounded in religion is tea, a nutritious and aromatic blend of water, tea leaves, spices, sugar and, in Tibet, a pinch of salt.
¡¡"But however the tea is prepared, the primary ingredient is always water," he says. "While we can live without tea, we can't live without water. Likewise, we are born free of religion, but we are not born free of the need for compassion."¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÊ©¶µ¤Ï¡¢ÎëÌÚÂçÀÛÅù¤Î¿ÔÎϤÇÊƹñ¤ËÉáµÚ¤·»Ï¤á¤¿¡¢¤È½ñ¤¤¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤Æ¤ë¤Í¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Buddhism, which has a history of adapting to changing times and cultures, was founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India about the 6th century BC and then spread to China, Japan, Korea, Tibet and Vietnam. It arrived in the United States in the 19th century and was popularized in the 1950s and 1960s by the likes of Buddhist missionary D.T. Suzuki, author Alan Watts and beat poet Allen Ginsberg. Today a new American hybrid of Buddhism is blossoming, fed by a large representation of Jewish practitioners.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-bo...



#5193¡Ê2011.12.24¡Ë

¡¡Êƹñ¤¸¤ã¡¢½¡¶µ³èÆ°¤ò°ìÀ¸·üÌ¿¤ä¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¼Ô¤Û¤É¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦some 40 percent of Americans engage in some form of religious activity, whether going to a mosque, a synagogue, or a church. And in turn, they feel better all around about their place in the larger civic community.
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦these individuals are more trusting of others, are more optimistic about their impact on their community, think more highly of their community, are more involved in more organizations of all kinds, and devote more time to the groups to which they are active, in comparison to those who do not engage in religious activities.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Society/2011/1223/Rel...



#5201¡Ê2011.12.28¡Ë

¡¡¥Í¥¢¥ó¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡¼¥ë¿Í¤Ï¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¼Ô¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Í¡£¡Ê¸Å¿ÍÎà³Ø¼Ô¡¢¸«¤Æ¤­¤¿¤è¤¦¤Ê¥¦¥½¤ò¤Ä¤­¡©¡Ë¢­
¡¡¡ã·×²è¤Ï¶ì¼ê¤À¤Ã¤¿¤±¤É¡¢¹©ºîǽÎϤϹ⤫¤Ã¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Neanderthals, they posit, were empathetic; possessed at least some language; were companionable; strongly attached to family; able but not skillful at planning ahead; and demonstrated impressive mechanical skills.
¡¡¡ãÇÓ³°¼çµÁŪ¤Ç¡¢½»µï¤Î°ÜÆ°¤ò·ù¤¤¡¢³×¿·Åª¤Ç¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤È¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡On the negative side, they were xenophobic, occupying a small territory from which they rarely strayed. They were not innovative. They may also occasionally have eaten one another, probably when they were hungry enough. Some humans have been known to do the same.
¡¡¡ã¥Í¥¢¥ó¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡¼¥ë¿Í¤ÏÁä¤ÎÊæÀè¤òȯÌÀ¤·¤¿¤Î¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡As evidence of Neanderthal mechanical savvy, the authors cite the creation of the spearhead. The early Neanderthals simply chipped away at a rock with a harder rock to create a sharp edge, copying something that usefully appeared in nature. This chipping technique, known as knapping, is simple.
¡¡¡ã¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¢½é´ü¤Î¥Í¥¢¥ó¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡¼¥ë¿Í¤ÈƱÍÍ¡¢¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤À¤Ã¤Æ¥ª¥é¥ó¥¦¡¼¥¿¥ó¤À¤Ã¤Æ´ä¤ò¤è¤ê¸Ç¤¤´ä¤ËÂǤÁÉÕ¤±¤Æ±Ô¤¤ÇËÊÒ¤ò¤Ä¤¯¤ë¤³¤È¤¯¤é¤¤¤Ï¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡ÈChimpanzees and orangutans (and college students) have been taught to do it,¡É ¡¦¡¦¡¦.
¡¡¡ã¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¸å¡¢¥Í¥¢¥ó¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡¼¥ë¿Í¤Ï¡¢´ä¤ËÁä¤ÎÊæÀè¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê²Ã¹©¤ò»Ü¤¹¤³¤È¤¬¤Ç¤­¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡But the Neanderthals refined the art of knapping to create the Levallois spear head, an intricately faceted point that could effectively maim or kill an animal as large as a mammoth.
¡¡¡ã¹¹¤Ë¤½¤Î¸å¡¢¥Í¥¢¥ó¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡¼¥ë¤Ï¡¢¤½¤ì¤òÁä¤ÎÊæÀè¤Ë¤¯¤Ã¤Ä¤±¤é¤ì¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡After figuring out the spear point, they had to determine a method for attaching it to the wooden shaft.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤½¤ÎÊýË¡¤À¤¬¡¢ßÍÀĤǤ¯¤Ã¤Ä¤±¤¿¾å¡¢¡Ê¿ʬ¡Ë¤Ò¤â¤Ç¤¯¤¯¤Ã¤¿¤È»×¤ï¤ì¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡The Neanderthal solution, involving bitumen¡ÊßÍÀÄ¡Ë and perhaps the intricate lashing¡Ê¤Ò¤â¡Ëtogether of the two pieces (the lashings do not survive), represents the high point of known Neanderthal innovation.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤·¤«¤·¡¢¤½¤ì¤è¤ê¤â¹âÅ٤ʿÍÎà¤ÎÁä¤È½Ð²ñ¤Ã¤¿»þ¡¢¤½¤ì¤ò¥Í¥¢¥ó¥Ç¥ë¥¿¡¼¥ë¿Í¤ÏƳÆþ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£¤½¤Î·ë²Ì¡¢Èà¤é¤ÏÁ´ÌǤ·¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡They were loath to break from routine, however. Even after they were exposed to the far more effective spears of contemporary Homo sapiens 40,000 to 30,000 years ago, they failed to incorporate that more sophisticated technology into their own. This contributed to their eventual demise.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/28/books/how-to-thi...



#5221¡Ê2012.1.7¡Ë

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¡¡±Ñ¸ì¤Ç¤­¤ë¿Í¤ÏÀäÂФËÁ´Ê¸¤òÆɤó¤Ç»¤ò¤·¤Ê¤¤¥³¥é¥à¤À¤è¡£¢­
¡¡¡ã¤½¤Î´Ö¤â¡¢¤·¤Ã¤«¤ê±ä¤Ó¤¿Ê¿¶Ñ;̿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Japan¡Çs average life expectancy at birth grew by 4.2 years -- to 83 years from 78.8 years -- between 1989 and 2009.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥¤¥ó¥¿¡¼¥Í¥Ã¥È¼Ò²ñ²½¤Ï¤¹¤µ¤Þ¤¸¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦of the 50 cities in the world with the fastest Internet service, 38 were in Japan, compared to only 3 in the United States.
¡¡¡ã±ß¤Ï¥É¥ë¤Ë¤â¥Ý¥ó¥É¤Ë¤â¡¢¤½¤·¤Æ¥¹¥¤¥¹¥Õ¥é¥ó¤Ë¤µ¤¨¶¯¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¦ Measured from the end of 1989, the yen has risen 87 percent against the U.S. dollar and 94 percent against the British pound. It has even risen against that traditional icon of monetary rectitude, the Swiss franc.
¡¡¡ã°ÍÁ³¤È¤·¤ÆÈô¤ÓÀÚ¤êÄ㤤¼º¶ÈΨ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¦ The unemployment rate is 4.2 percent, about half of that in the United States. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¹âÁØ·úÃÛ¤¬·ú¤Ä¿ô¤Ï¡¢Åìµþ¤¬¥Ë¥å¡¼¥è¡¼¥¯¤ä¥í¥µ¥ó¥¼¥ë¥¹¤òο²ï¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦81 high-rise buildings taller than 500 feet have been constructed in Tokyo since the ¡Èlost decades¡É began. That compares with 64 in New York, 48 in Chicago, and 7 in Los Angeles.
¡¡¡ã·Ð¾ï¼ý»Ù¤Î¹õ»ú¤ÏÁý¤¨¤ë¤Ð¤«¤ê¡£¢­¡ä
¡¦ Japan¡Çs current account surplus -- the widest measure of its trade -- totaled $196 billion in 2010, up more than threefold since 1989. By comparison, America¡Çs current account deficit ballooned to $471 billion from $99 billion in that time. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÃ润¤Ø¤ÎÍ¢½Ð¤Ï14Çܤˡ¢¤·¤«¤âÂÐÃ润¼ý»Ù¤Ï¤ª¤ª¤à¤Í¥×¥é¥Þ¥¤¥¼¥í¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Japan has increased its exports to China more than 14-fold since 1989 and Chinese-Japanese bilateral trade remains in broad balance. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÊƹñ¤ÎGDP¤Î¿ôÃͤϱ³¤Ã¤Ý¤¤¡£¼ÂºÝ¤Ë¤ÏÆüËܤÎÀ®Ä¹Î¨¤ÎÊý¤¬¹â¤«¤Ã¤¿²ÄǽÀ­¤¬¤¢¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡On the calculations of John Williams of Shadowstats.com, a Web site that tracks flaws in United States economic data, America¡Çs growth in recent decades has been overstated by as much as 2 percentage points a year. If he is even close to the truth, this factor alone may put the United States behind Japan in per-capita performance. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥ß¥·¥å¥é¥ó¤ÎºÇ¹âµé¥ì¥¹¥È¥é¥ó¤Î¿ô¤ÏÅìµþ¤¬¥Ñ¥ê¤ò¤Ï¤ë¤«¤Ë°ú¤­Î¥¤·¤Æ¥À¥ó¥È¥Ä¤Î¥È¥Ã¥×¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Tokyo, according to the Michelin Guide, boasts 16 of the world¡Çs top-ranked restaurants, versus a mere 10 for the runner-up, Paris. Similarly Japan as a whole beats France in the Michelin ratings.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¡Ê¤³¤³¤Ç¤Ï°úÍѤ·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢¤¤¤ï¤Ð»º¶È¤Î¥³¥á¤ò¤¿¤¯¤µ¤ó¤Ä¤¯¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡ËÆüËܤϡ¢¥É¥¤¥Ä¡¢´Ú¹ñ¡¢ÂæÏÑ¡¢¤½¤·¤ÆÃ润¤Ë¸à¤·¤ÆËÇ°×¹õ»ú¤ò²¡¤·¾å¤²¤Æ¤­¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡ Japan¡Çs achievement is all the more impressive for the fact that its major competitors -- Germany, South Korea, Taiwan and, of course, China -- have hardly been standing still. The world has gone through a rapid industrial revolution in the last two decades thanks to the ¡Ètargeting¡É of manufacturing by many East Asian nations. Yet Japan¡Çs trade surpluses have risen. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/08/opinion/sunday/t...



#5265¡Ê2012.1.28¡Ë

¡¡¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤¬¿Í¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤ÆËÜÍè¤Î»Ñ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤³¤È¤ò»ØŦ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë½ñɾ¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Sennett reminds us that humans are naturally wired to get along and that our capacity for cooperation far exceeds the institutions that attempt to limit us. He cites psychologist Erik Erikson¡Çs work with young children, for example, as evidence of how ¡Èwe learn how to be together before we learn how to stand apart.¡É ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/...



#5267¡Ê2012.1.29¡Ë

¡¡¥Í¥º¥ß¤â¡¢¤½¤ÎÂçÉôʬ¤Ï¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤À¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¼Â¸³·ë²Ì¤¬½Ð¤¿¡£
¡¡¤È¤Ê¤ë¤È¡¢¡Ö¿Í´Ö¡Ê¤¸¤ó¤«¤ó¡Ë¡×¼çµÁŪ¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¸ÀÍդϺƸ¡Æ¤¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤Î¤«¤Í¤¨¡£
¡¡µÕ¤Ë¸À¤¦¤È¡¢Æ°Êª¤â¿Í´Ö¤â¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤ÅÛ¤¬¡¢¾¯¿ô¤Ê¤¬¤é¾ï¤Ë°ìÄê¤Î³ä¹ç¤Ç¤¤¤ë¤Ã¤Æ¤ï¤±¤À¤«¤é¡¢¤½¤¤¤Ä¤é¤¬¡¢Èó¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ê¡Ö°­¤¤¤³¤È¡×¤ò»Å½Ð¤«¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ë¼¤¸å¤Õ¤ë¤Þ¤¦¤è¤¦¤ËÁ¼ÃÖ¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤¬¡¢¡Ê¤¿¤È¤¨¡¢Æ±°Õ¤Î²¼¤Ç¤¢¤ì¡Ëµö¤µ¤ì¤ë¤«¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦ÌäÂ꤬¡¢¡Ø»þ·×¤¸¤«¤±¤Î¥ª¥ì¥ó¥¸¡Ù¡Ê5136¡¢38¡¢40¡¢42¡¢44¡Ë¤ò°úÍѤ·¤Ä¤Ä¡¢Ä󵯤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãConcerning a¡ä recent experiment (about which we have some ethical reservations) at the University of Chicago¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãr¡äesearchers there took two rats who shared a cage and trapped one of them in a tube that could be opened only from the outside. The free rat usually tried to open the door, eventually succeeding. Even when the free rats could eat up all of a quantity of chocolate before freeing the trapped rat, they mostly preferred to free their cage-mate. The experimenters interpret their findings as demonstrating empathy in rats. But if that is the case, they have also demonstrated that individual rats vary, for only 23 of 30 rats freed their trapped companions.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Are We Ready for a ¡ÆMorality Pill¡Ç¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãsuggested in¡ä ¡ÈA Clockwork Orange,¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/ar...



#5275¡Ê2012.2.2¡Ë

¡¡½÷À­¤ËÅêÍ¿¤·¤¿¾ì¹ç¤À¤¬¡¢Èà½÷¤ò¡¢¥Æ¥¹¥È¥¹¥Æ¥í¥ó¤ÏÈó¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ë¡¢¥ª¥­¥·¥È¥·¥ó¤Ï¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£¢­
¡¡Testosterone can skew one¡Çs judgement, creating the impression that decisions are best taken alone even in situations that call for collaboration, according to a study released yesterday.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦oxytocin, promotes the urge to work side-by-side.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/201...



#5295¡Ê2012.2.12¡Ë

¡¡¾ðÊó³×Ì¿¤È̱¼ç¼çµÁ²½¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢º£¤ä½÷À­¤¬»ØƳŪÃϰ̤˽¢¤¯¤Ù¤­»þÂå¤È¤Ê¤ê¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£
¡¡Æìʸ¥â¡¼¥É¤òÀ¤³¦¤ËÉáµÚ¤¹¤Ù¤­»þÂå¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤È¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦In the past, when women fought their way to the top of organizations, they often had to adopt a ¡Èmasculine style,¡É violating the broader social norm of female ¡Èniceness.¡É Now, however, with the information revolution and democratization demanding more participatory leadership, the ¡Èfeminine style¡É is becoming a path to more effective leadership.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÂХƥí¤äÂÐÈÀÍð¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤â½÷À­Åª¥¢¥×¥í¡¼¥Á¤¬ºÇŬ¤À¤È¤è¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Military success against terrorists and counterinsurgents requires soldiers to win hearts and minds, not just break buildings and bodies.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/editorials/archive...



#5299¡Ê2012.2.14¡Ë

¡¡¤Þ¤¿¤Þ¤¿¡¢¿Í̱ÌÖ¤¬ÆüËܤοʹּçµÁʸÌÀ¤ò¾Î»¿¤¹¤ëµ­»ö¤òºÜ¤»¤¿¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡Ö¥É¥é¤¨¤â¤ó¡×¤ä¡Ö̾õÄ女¥Ê¥ó¡×¡¢¡ÖÀé¤ÈÀé¿Ò¤Î¿À±£¤·¡×¤Ê¤ÉÆüËܤòÂåɽ¤¹¤ë¥¢¥Ë¥áºîÉʤˤϡ¢¥Á¡¼¥à¥ï¡¼¥¯¤ä¤¿¤æ¤Þ¤ºÅØÎϤ¹¤ëÀº¿À¡¢¼«¸ÊÃÃÏ£¡¢´Ä¶­ÊݸÃá½ø¤ò½Å¤ó¤¸¤ë»ÑÀª¤Ê¤É¡¢ÆüËܿͤÎÆÃÀ­¤¬¹þ¤á¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£
¡¡¤Þ¤¿ÆüËܤÎƱ»º¶È¤Î¾¦Éʤϻþ¶õ¤ä»×¹Í¤òĶ±Û¤·¤¿Â¿¼¡¸µ¤ÎÀ¤³¦¤òÉÁ¼Ì¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢¸½Âå¤È²áµî¤ÎÍ»¹ç¤ò¸«»ö¤Ë²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://j.people.com.cn/94475/7727771.html



#5313¡Ê2012.2.21¡Ë

¡¡¿Í´Ö¤Ë¤ÏÀ¸¤Þ¤ìÍî¤Á¤¿»þ¤Ë´û¤Ë¸øÊ¿¤Î´ÑÇ°¤¬¿È¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Ã¤ÆÏá¢Á°¤Ë¤â¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¤Í¤¨¡£¤³¤ì¤³¤½¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤Î¥Ù¡¼¥¹¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ë¤ó¤À¤Ê¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦19- and 21-month-old infants have a general expectation of fairness, and they can apply it appropriately to different situations¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ÈWe think children are born with a skeleton of general expectations about fairness,¡É Sloane said, ¡Èand these principles and concepts get shaped in different ways depending on the culture and the environment they¡Çre brought up in.¡É¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¸¤¤â±î¤â¤³¤ÎÅÀ¤¸¤ã¿Í´Ö¤ÈƱ¤¸¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤ó¤Ç¡¢²Ì¤¿¤·¤Æ¡Ö¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¡×¤È¤¤¤¦Ã±¸ì¤ò»È¤¤Â³¤±¤Æ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤¤¤Î¤«¤Ã¤Æ¥Ï¥Ê¥·¤Ë¤â¤Ê¤ë¡£¤³¤ì¤âÁ°¤Ë¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¤³¤È¤¢¤ë¤Ê¤¢¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Such findings aren¡Çt limited to humans. Dogs have been shown to become less responsive to commands when they see another dog get a greater reward for doing the same trick¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Capuchin monkeys behave similarly.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¼Ò²ñŪÉÔÊ¿ÅùÅ٤ι⤤¤È¤³¤í¤¸¤ã¡¢¿Í¡¹¤Î¹¬Ê¡ÅÙ¤ÏÄ㤯¡¢Ê¿¶Ñ¼÷Ì¿¤âû¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£¡Ê¤³¤ì¤âÉü½¬¤À¤Ê¡£¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦countries that have less social inequality have greater levels of happiness and longer life expectancies than societies in which there is a greater gap between rich and poor.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://healthland.time.com/2012/02/20/even-babies-...



#5315¡Ê2012.2.22¡Ë

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http://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/s/article/20120221010019...



#5317¡Ê2012.2.23¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦The hunter-gatherers, from the island of Gotland, bore a distinct genetic resemblance to people alive today in Europe's extreme north, said Jakobsson, who reported his findings in Friday's edition of the journal Science. The farmer, excavated from a large stone burial structure in the mainland parish of Gokhem, about 250 miles away, had DNA more like that of modern people in southern Europe.¡¦¡¦¡¦
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ does the experience of compassion toward one person measurably affect our actions and attitudes toward other people? If so, are there practical steps we can take to further cultivate this feeling? Recently, my colleagues and I conducted experiments that answered yes to both questions. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦The movie's subject dovetails with an issue currently under heated debate in Japan: the new prime minister's plan to amend the country's constitution to allow for the building of a full-fledged military, boosting the limited self-defense forces put in place after the war.
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Here is the Depression that wracked Japan while its government spent millions buying weapons from Nazi Germany.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥¼¥íÀï¤Ï1930ǯÂåËö¤Ë»ÙÆá¤Ç³èÌö¤·¤¿¤ó¤À¤È¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Mitsubishi A6M ¡ÈZero¡É fighter planes that crushed the Chinese resistance to Imperial Japan in the late 1930s and, on Dec. 7 in the year of Miyazaki¡Çs birth, dropped the bombs on Pearl Harbor.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÀìÀ©Åª¤ÊÆüËܤ¬Á´À¤³¦¤òÀ¬Éþ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤ó¤À¤È¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡It was a beautiful machine that helped tyrannical Japan dream of conquering the world, and that brought death faster to its enemies.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://entertainment.time.com/2013/09/02/is-hayao-...
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Corrections:
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Replace Japan by Nationalist China.
¡¡
¡¦¡¦¡¦Mitsubishi A6M ¡ÈZero¡É fighter planes that crushed the Chinese resistance in the late 1930s¡¦¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡
Incorrect. Zero was introduced in 1940.
¡¡
¡¦¡¦¡¦that helped tyrannical Japan dream of conquering the world¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡
¢ªthat helped resist white/Christian supremacist America's intervention on Japan's deterrence stragegy against Soviet Russia.

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¡¡¡ãµÜºê¤ÎºîÉʤˤϡ¢ÀïÁè¤Î̵°ÕÌ£¤µ¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤È¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤¬Â¿¤¤¡£Êª»ö¤ÏÍÍ¡¹¤Ê»ëÅÀ¤¬²Äǽ¤Ç¤¢¤êÏ䷹礤¤ÇʶÁè¤ò²ò·è¤¹¤Ù¤­¤À¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ê¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤ÎÊ¿Ï»ָþÀ­¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Many of Miyazaki¡Çs films explore the futility of war. His films often lack villains--and instead present opposing interests looking for resolutions.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥Ç¥£¥º¥Ë¡¼¤Î¥¢¥Ë¥á¤È¤Ï°ã¤Ã¤Æ¡¢½÷À­¤¬¼ç¿Í¸ø¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¾ì¹ç¤¬Â¿¤¯¡¢¤·¤«¤âÃËÀ­´éÉ餱¤Î³èÌö¤ò¤¹¤ë¡£¡Ê¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë½÷À­Í¥°Ì¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡While Disney movies typically feature female protagonists only when they are princesses, and only a single Pixar movie, ¡ÈBrave,¡É has had a female hero in the lead, Miyazaki¡Çs movies routinely celebrate girls in central roles. ¡ÈKiki¡Çs Delivery Service¡É was about a young witch¡Çs coming of age; and in ¡ÈSpirited Away¡É a young girl saves her family.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡While none of Miyazaki¡Çs films was a huge hit in the U.S., his influence on animation was global.
¡¡¡ã´Ä¶­¤ÎÊݸî¤â½ÅÍפʥơ¼¥Þ¡£¡Ê¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤Î¼«Á³Ä´Ï»ָþ¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡Protecting the environment is a major theme in Miyazaki¡Çs works¡¦¡¦¡¦
I stayed with a family friend, who told me that Miyazaki was ¡Èour Walt Disney.¡É
¡¡¡ãµÜºê¤Ï¥Ç¥£¥º¥Ë¡¼¤òĶ¤¨¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡I¡Çve since learned that he was much more than that.
http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2013/09/02/hayao-mi...

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¡¡At the core of each child is a capacity for empathy. But according to one study, children become less generous toward others as they grow older¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Research suggests that there is such a deficit and that it is rising.¡¦¡¦¡¦
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http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/entertainment/news/201309...
http://j.peopledaily.com.cn/206603/8388952.html



#6434¡Ê2013.9.6¡Ë

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¡¡¡Ö¡Ä¶µ°é¤Î°ì´Ä¤È¤·¤Æ³¨ËܤÎÆɤßʹ¤«¤»¤¬¿»Æ©¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ëÆüËܤȤϰۤʤꡢÃæ¹ñ¤Ç³¨ËܤȤ¤¤¦³µÇ°¤¬ÄêÃ夷¤Ï¤¸¤á¤¿¤Î¤Ï¤³¤³ºÇ¶á¤Î¤³¤È¤À¡£¡Ä2012ǯ¤Î0-17ºÐ¤Î̤À®Ç¯¤Î½ñÀÒÆɽñΨ¤Ï77¡ó¤Ç¡¢Á°Ç¯Èæ1.6¡ó¤Î¸º¾¯¤È¤Ê¤ê¡¢2012ǯ¤Î̤À®Ç¯¤Î°ì¿ÍÊ¿¶Ñ¤ÎÆɽñÎ̤Ï5.49ºý¤À¤Ã¤¿¡£¡Ä¡ã¤½¤³¤Ç¡ä³¨Ëܤˤè¤ë¾ð½ï¶µ°é¤¬½Å»ë¤µ¤ì»Ï¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤È¤Ï¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤â¡¢º£¤Ï¤Þ¤ÀÌÜΩ¤Ã¤¿¸½¾Ý¤Ë¤Þ¤Ç¤ÏÀ®Ä¹¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¡Ä¥Õ¥é¥ó¥¹¤Ê¤É²¤½£¤Î³¨ËܤËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¡¢ÆüËܤγ¨ËܤϤä¤Ï¤êƱ¤¸¥¢¥¸¥¢¿Í¤È¤·¤Æ¶á¤¤Ê¸²½¤ò¶¦Í­¤¹¤ë¤»¤¤¤«¿Íµ¤¤¬¹â¤¤¡Ä¡×
http://j.peopledaily.com.cn/94473/8390676.html

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http://j.peopledaily.com.cn/94473/8390369.html

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#6440¡Ê2013.9.9¡Ë

¡¡Êƹñ¤Ç¡¢¡Ê¥Ü¥¯¤Ë¤¤¤ï¤»¤ê¤ã¡Ë¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ²½¤òÁʤ¨¤ë¡Ê½÷À­¤Ë¤è¤ë¡Ë¥³¥é¥à¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦my vision, as I prepare to reengage in Washington¡Çs policy marketplace, is of a renewed America that cares about and for our people.
¡¡¡ãÊƹñ¤Ï¼«Íø¤È¶¥Áè¤Î¹ñ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡We are a nation that thrives on competition, from sports teams to small businesses. We define success by who wins, typically through talent, luck and working harder than anyone else. If everyone pursues their self-interest, all of society benefits.
¡¡¡ã¤·¤«¤·¡¢¶¥Áè¤Ï¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¡Êcare¡Ë¤È¼ê¤ò·È¤¨¤Æ¿Ê¤Þ¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡But winning is not everything, much less the only thing. Competition must go hand in hand with care. As Bill Gates has put it, ¡ÈThere are two great forces of human nature: self-interest and caring for others.¡É
¡¡¡ã¿Í´Ö¤Ï¡¢°ì¿Í¤Ç¤ÏÀ¸¤­¤é¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤½¤â¤½¤â¼Ò²ñŪưʪ¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤è¡£¡Ê¤À¤±¤É¡¢¼Ò²ñ¤ò¡¢·ì²¤ä»á²¤Ê¤¤¤·¤Ï¥³¥ß¥å¥Ë¥Æ¥£¤ä²ñ¼Ò¡¢¤Èª¤¨¤Æ¤ëÅÀ¤ËÈà½÷¤Î¸Â³¦¤¬¤¢¤ë¤Ê¡£ÆüËܤòÈÏÎã¤Ë¤¹¤ê¤ã¤¤¤¤¤ó¤À¤è¡£¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡Care starts from the premise that humans cannot survive alone. Our progress flows from our identity as social animals, connected through love, kinship and clanship. Success should be defined not as individual victory but as group advancement, whether the group is a family, a community or a company. Satisfaction comes less from beating others than from bolstering them, enabling them to reach their full potential. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/anne-marie-...



#6458¡Ê2013.9.18¡Ë

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¡¡¡Ö¡ÄºîÉÊÃæ¤ÎËÙ±ÛÆóϺ¤Ï¡Ä°Å¤¤Ìë¤ËÉãÊì¤Îµ¢¤ê¤òÂԤĻҤɤâ¤Ë¡¢¼«Ê¬¤ÇÇã¤Ã¤¿¥±¡¼¥­¤ò¤¢¤²¤è¤¦¤È¤â¤¹¤ë¡ÄËÙ±Û¤ÎÁ°¤Ç¤Ï¡¢ºÚÊæ»Ò¤Ï¾ï¤Ë¾Ð¤ß¤òÊݤÁ¡¢¤½¤ÎºÇ´ü¤â¡¢±Æ¤Î¤Ê¤¤É÷¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËËÙ±Û¤«¤éÀŤ«¤Ëµî¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤¯¡£¡Ä30ǯÂå¤ÎÆüËܤÎÅıàÉ÷·Ê¡ÄÆ©¤­Ä̤뾮Àî¤ÈÀĤ¤¶õ¡¢Çò¤¤±À¤Î·Ê¿§¡Ä¡ØÉ÷Ω¤Á¤Ì¡Ù¤Ï¡¢ÀµµÁ¤äÀïÁè¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¤È¤·¤¿²óÅú¤ò½Ð¤·¤Æ¡ã¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¡ä¡ÄµÜºê¤Ï¡¢¼çÂê¤ò¤Ï¤Ã¤­¤ê¤È¤µ¤»¤ë¤³¤È¤òÈò¤±¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î¤Ð¤é¤Ð¤é¤Ê¥¨¥Ô¥½¡¼¥É¤ÎÀѤ߽Ťͤˤè¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¡ÈÀ¸¡É¤È¡È»à¡É¡¢¸Ä¿Í¤ÈµðÂç¤Ê¹ñ²È¤Îµ¡³£¡¢Ì´Áۤȸ½¼Â¤Î´Ø·¸¤È¤¤¤Ã¤¿Å¯³ØŪÌäÂê¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¼«¤é¤ÎÅú¤¨¤òõ¤½¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£¤À¤¬µÜºê½Ù¤Ï¤½¤Î²óÅú¤ò¸«¤Ä¤±¤¿¤È¤Ï¸À¤¨¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¡£¼ç¿Í¸øËÙ±ÛÆóϺ¤Ï°¦¤¹¤ëºÊ¤ò¤Ê¤¯¤·¡¢Á´ÎϤòÃí¤¤¤Çºî¤ê¾å¤²¤¿Îí¼°ÀïÆ®µ¡¤â¤Ê¤¯¤·¤¿¡£¡Ä¡×
http://j.peopledaily.com.cn/206603/8402757.html

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#6466¡Ê2013.9.22¡Ë

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http://www.chosunonline.com/site/data/html_dir/201...

¡¡Ê¸ÌÀ¡Ê¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¡Ë¤ÎÊɤˤ֤Á¤¢¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë´Ú¹ñ¡£
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#6468¡Ê2013.9.23¡Ë

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¡¡¡Ö¡ÄÅìÆüËÜÂç¿ÌºÒ¤¬È¯À¸¤·¤¿Ê¿À®23ǯ¡¢ÌÀ¼£°Ý¿·°Ê¹ß¡¢Ìó140ǯ¤Ö¤ê¤ËÅ·Â潡¤Î¹âÁΤ¬ÀÐÀ¶¿åº×¤Ë²Ã¤ï¤Ã¤¿¡£¡Ä¿ÀÊ©¤Ï¤â¤È¤â¤Èɽ΢°ìÂΤΤâ¤Î¡Ä¡×
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/west/west_life/news/13092...¡£

¡¡ÆüËܤؤÎÊ©¶µÅÁÍè¤Ï¿Í´Ö¼çµÁƱ»Î¤Îî°íð¤È¤¤¤¦À¤³¦»ËŪ´ñÀס¢¤ÈËͤ¬µ¤ÉÕ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤Ï¤Ä¤¤ºÇ¶á¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Ê¡£



#6476¡Ê2013.9.27¡Ë

¡¡±ÑͺŪ¹Ô°Ù¤È´²Âç¤Ê¹Ô°Ù¤Ï¤·¤Ð¤·¤Ð½Å¤Ê¤ê¹ç¤¦¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£
¡¡¡ÊÍפ¹¤ë¤Ë¡¢º¬¤Ã¤³¤Ë¤¢¤ë¤Î¤Ï¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢½÷À­¤ÎÊý¤¬ÃËÀ­¤è¤ê¤â¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤È¤è¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¡Ë¢­
¡¡¡ãÍø¾¼çµÁ¼Ô/¼Ò²ñÊô»Å²È¤Ï±Ñͺ¤Ë¤Ê¤ê¤¦¤ë¤·¡¢¤½¤ÎµÕ¤â¿¿¤À¤È¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦heroism and generosity often overlap¡¦¡¦¡¦: Altruists like committed volunteers are more likely to be heroes, and conversely, heroes are more likely to take part in social service. While heroes may take unusual risks that altruists do not, the core motivation to improve other people¡Çs prospects is the same, which is why¡¦¡¦¡¦practicing everyday selfless acts may prepare us for heroic intervention later on.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã½÷À­¤ÎÊý¤¬¡¢¤Ï¤Ê¤Ð¤Ê¤·¤¯¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤±¤ì¤É¡¢ÃËÀ­¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¡¢¤è¤ê±ÑͺŪ¹Ô°Ù¤ò¹Ô¤¤¤¬¤Á¤Ê¤ó¤À¤È¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦women overall actually tend to perform more heroic acts than their male counterparts,¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://ideas.time.com/2013/09/26/the-real-source-o...



#6478¡Ê2013.9.28¡Ë

¡¡ÆüËܤǤÀ¤±¥¨¥í·Ý½Ñ¤¬¼çή¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ï¤Ê¤¼¤«¤òÄɵᤷ¤¿¹¥¥³¥é¥à¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Japan is the only country in which erotic art -- 'shunga' -- has been mainstream.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡These were not minor works contrived for the secret pleasure of a few like-minded libertines. Women enjoyed them as well as men. Thousands of books were published with erotic prints.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã²ÈÉãĹÀ©½ô½¡¶µ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¥­¥ê¥¹¥È¶µ¡¢¼ô¶µ¡¢¤½¤·¤ÆÊ©¶µ¤Ç¤µ¤¨¡Ê¡Ö¤Ç¤µ¤¨¡×¤Ïɾ²Á¤¹¤ë¤¬¡¢Ê©¶µ¤Ï°ã¤¦¤Ê¡ÊÂÀÅġˡˤ½¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎË­¾÷¥«¥ë¥È¤ò»¦¤·¤¿¤¬ÆüËܤοÀÆ»¤ÏÀ¸¤­»Ä¤Ã¤¿¤«¤é¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Whereas in many cultures, later patriarchal traditions -- Christian, Confucian, or even Buddhist -- buried older fertility cults, Japanese nature-worship never really disappeared.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆüËܤǤϥ¨¥í¤È¾Ð¤¤¤ÏÁêÄ̤¸¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Another term for erotic images was warai-e, literally "pictures for laughter". There is a rich tradition of satire and comedy in Japanese erotic art.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÌÀ¼£À¯ÉܤÏÂв¤ÊƤθ«¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ò½Å»ë¤·¡¢¥¨¥í·Ý½Ñ¤òÉõ°õ¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤·¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Part of th¡ãe¡ä effort ¡ãof the Meiji Government¡ä was an official obsession with respectability. Old, "primitive" ribald Japan had to be cleaned up. Public nudity, mixed bathing, wild kabuki plays were all now disapproved of. So there was no way that shunga could remain in the mainstream.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2013/sep/2...



#6480¡Ê2013.9.29¡Ë

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¡¡ÌӤŤ¯¤í¤¤¤¹¤ë±î¤Ï¥¹¥È¥ì¥¹¥Û¥ë¥â¥óʬÈ礬¸º¤ê¡¢ÌӤŤ¯¤í¤¤¤µ¤ì¤ë±î¤ÏÁý¤¨¤ë¤ó¤À¤È¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ Monkeys who were groomed a lot didn't have low stress hormone levels. Monkeys that groomed others a lot did.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¡¢°ø²Ì´Ø·¸¤ÏµÕ¤Ê¤Î¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¡£¡Ê¤¤¤ä¡¢¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ê±î¤Ï¹¬¤»¤Ê¤ó¤À¤è¡£¤³¤ì¤â²¿ÅÙ¤â¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢ÌӤŤ¯¤í¤¤¤µ¤ì¤¿±î¡¢¼ºÎ顢īÁ¯¿Í¤¬¼«¤é¤òÉÔ¹¬¤»¤Ë´¶¤¸¡¢ÌӤŤ¯¤í¤¤¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤¿±î¡¢¼ºÎé¡¢ÆüËܿͤòº¨¤à¤Î¤ÏÅöÁ³¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤È¡£¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡Maybe monkeys with low levels are relaxed enough to be charitable groomers. In other words, more research is needed.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014240527023042...

¡¡¡ÈBuddhist Biology: Ancient Eastern Wisdom Meets Modern Western Science.¡É¤È¤¤¤¦Ëܤò¶á¤¯½Ð¤¹David P. Barash¡Ê¥ï¥·¥ó¥È¥óÂç¤Î¿Ê²½À¸Êª³Ø¼Ô¤Ë¤·¤Æ¿´Íý³Ø¼Ô¡Ë¤¬¡¢¼íÎĺν¸»þÂå¤Î¿Í´Ö¤ÏÀïÁè¤Ð¤«¤ê¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤ÎÀâ¤ËÈ¿´ú¤òËݤ·¤¿¡£
¡¡¡Ê»ä¤Î¡¢Æìʸ¿Í¤Ë·¸¤ë¡¢Î㳰ŪʿÏ°¦¹¥¼íÎĺν¸¼Ò²ñ¿ÍÀâ¤ò¡¢ËÜÍèŪʿÏ°¦¹¥¼íÎĺν¸¼Ò²ñ¿ÍÀâ¤Ë²þÄû¤·¤Ê¤¯¤Ã¤Á¤ã¡£¡Ë¢­
¡¡¡ã¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤â¥Ü¥Î¥Ü¤â¿Í´Ö¤È¤Î¶á¤µ¤ÏƱ¤¸¤¯¤é¤¤¤À¤¬¡¢Á°¼Ô¤ÏÁ褤¤ò¹¥¤ß¸å¼Ô¤ÏÊ¿Ï¡ʤȥ»¥Ã¥¯¥¹¡Ë¤ò¹¥¤à¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Chimpanzees, we now know, engage in something distressingly akin to human warfare, but bonobos, whose evolutionary lineage makes them no more distant from us than chimps, are justly renowned for making love instead. For many anthropologists, ¡Èman the hunter¡É remains a potent trope, yet at the same time, other anthropologists embrace ¡Èwoman the gatherer,¡É not to mention the cooperator, peacemaker and child rearer. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¸½Â¸¤¹¤ë¼íÎĺν¸¼Ò²ñ¤ò´Ñ»¡¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤ÎÂçÉôʬ¤ÏÊ¿Ï°¦¹¥Åª¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Yet peacemaking is, if anything, more pronounced and widely distributed, especially among groups of nomadic foragers who are probably closest in ecological circumstance to our hominin ancestors.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/29/opinion/sunday/a...

¡¡¤ª¼á²àÍͤ¬¡¢ÃËÀ­¤È¤Ï°ã¤Ã¤ÆÄï»Ò¤Ë²Ã¤¨¤ë¤Î¤òí´í°¤·¤¿Íýͳ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È»ä¤¬ÁÛÁü¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Î¡¢½÷À­¤ÎÀ­¤Ø¤ÎìÅÍߤµ¤ò΢ÉÕ¤±¤ë¿·¤¿¤Êȯ¸«¤¬¤Ê¤µ¤ì¤¿¡£ÃËÀ­¤¸¤ã¤Þ¤º¥à¥ê¤À¤¬¡¢Â¿¤¯¤Î½÷À­¤Ï¡¢À­Åª¹Ô°Ù¤òÁÛÁü¤¹¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¥ª¡¼¥¬¥¹¥à¤Ë㤷¤¦¤ë¤ó¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡£
¡¡½÷À­¤Ï¿¨´¶¤òÄ̤¸¤Æ¤·¤«¥ª¡¼¥¬¥¹¥à¤Ë㤻¤Ê¤¤¤È¤Î¤³¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î¯Àâ¤Ï´°Á´¤Ê¸í¤ê¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¥ï¥±¡£¡ÖÀ­¤Ê¤ë¼Ô¡¢Æò¤Î̾¤Ï½÷¡×¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ë¡¢½÷¤Ï¤ß¤ó¤ÊÅ·ºÍŪ¥¦¥½¤Ä¤­¤À¤Ê¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Women who simply thought about the stimulation of their breasts and genitals, the scans revealed, lit up the brain¡Çs corresponding sensory areas. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/29/sunday-review/il...

¡¡¥¤¥ë¥«¡Ê¤Ò¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¥¯¥¸¥é¡Ë¤¬¹âÅÙ¤ÎÃÎÀ­¤òÍ­¤¹¤ë¤Ã¤Æ¥¦¥½¤À¤È¤¤¤¦À⤬Êƹñ¤Ç¾¯¤·¤º¤Ä¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¤é¤ì»Ï¤á¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤ß¤¿¤¤¤è¡£
¡¡¥¶¥Þ¤ß¤í¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the claims that dolphins have a particularly complex brain, use a sophisticated language, are self-aware and can use tools are nonsense.
¡¡In some cases¡¦¡¦¡¦dolphins -- which are small whales -- are even outdone by goldfish. When goldfish are placed in a bowl¡¦¡¦¡¦they at least try to escape by boldly jumping out, whereas dolphins that have been captured in nets won't even think of jumping to freedom. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/scientis...¡¡
http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/photo-gallery-do...



#6484¡Ê2013.10.1¡Ë

¡¡µÜÂô¸­¼£¤Ï¡¢Ê¸³ØŪºÍǽ¤Ë·Ã¤Þ¤ì¤¿¡¢¤·¤«¤·¡¢¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ç¤¢¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤ÎÆüËܿͤΰìŵ·¿¤Ë²á¤®¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦¡Ö¤¢¤Ê¤¿¤¬¹¬¤»¤Ë¤Ê¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤ï¤¿¤·¤Ï¹¬¤»¤Ë¤Ê¤ì¤Ê¤¤¡£°ì¿Í¤Ò¤È¤ê¤Î¹¬¤»¤ÈÈᤷ¤ß¤¬ÂçÀڡפȸ­¼£¤Ï¹Í¤¨¤ë¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¤Þ¤¿¡¢¡Ö¿Í´Ö¤Ï¿¹ÍåËü¾Ý¤Î°ì¤Ä¤Ë²á¤®¤º¡¢Æ°Êª¤äÌڤ俹¤ä»³¤äÀî¤ÈƱ¤¸¡£¤³¤ì¤é¤òÂçÀڤˤ·¤Ê¤¤¤ÈÌǤӤë¤Î¤Ï¿Í´Ö¤À¤è¡×¤È¤Î¥á¥Ã¥»¡¼¥¸¤Ï¡¢¸½Âå¿Í¤Ë¤³¤½Â¿¤¯¤Î¤³¤È¤òÅÁ¤¨¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¸­¼£¤Ï19À¤µª¤ËÀ¸¤Þ¤ì¤¿21À¤µª¤Îºî²È¤À¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://jbpress.ismedia.jp/articles/-/38821

¡¡¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪÆüËܿͤʤɡ¢ÆüËܤËÊ׺ߤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤ò΢ÉÕ¤±¤ë°ì¾Úº¸¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦½ªÀïÍâǯ¤Ë¿·³ã¸©¤Îº´ÅÏÅç¤Ë±Ñ·³µ¡¤¬ÉÔ»þÃ夷¡¢½»Ì±¤¬ºÆÈô¹Ô¤ò¼ê½õ¤±¤·¤¿¼ÂÏ䬱Dz貽¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/life/news/131001/trd13100...



#6486¡Ê2013.10.2¡Ë

¡¡¥³¥é¥à#6478¤Ç¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¡¢ÆüËܤΥ¨¥í·Ý½ÑÏÀ¤Ï¡¢¥í¥ó¥É¥ó¤Ç³«¤«¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë½Õ²èŸ¤ò¾Ò²ð¤·¤¿¤â¤Î¤À¤Ã¤¿¤±¤É¡¢¤Þ¤¿¡¢¾Ò²ðµ­»ö¤¬½Ð¤Æ¤¿¡£
¡¡¡Ê¤³¤ÎÉ®¼Ô¡¢¤Û¤Ü¡¢¥Ü¥¯¤ÎÌïÀ¸/Æìʸ¥â¡¼¥ÉÏÀ¤ËΩ¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¤Í¡£¡Ë¢­
¡¡¡ã¥ª¥â¥Æ¤Î¼ô¶µ/Éð»ÎÆ»ÆÁ¤È¥¦¥é¤Î½Õ²èÀ¤³¦¤ÎÆó½Å¹½Â¤¤¬¹¾¸Í»þÂå¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Shunga was the underground art of samurai Japan. While official culture praised Chinese Confucian values of strict morality, authority and hierarchy, shunga prints laugh at all that and turn the official worldview upside down.¡¦¡¦¡¦
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¡¡¡Ê¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â±Ñ¸ì¶µ°é¤Ë´Ø¤·¤Æ¤Ï¤³¤ÎÈãȽ¡¢°ì¸«Åö¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¤è¤¦¤À¤¬¡¢º¬ËÜŪ¤Ë¤ÏÆüËܤÎÀ®¿Í¤Ë¤È¤Ã¤Æ±Ñ¸ì¤Ê¤ó¤ÆɬÍפʤ¤¤â¤ó¤À¤«¤é¿È¤Ë¤Ä¤«¤Ê¤¤¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤È¤Ë¿Ô¤­¤ë¡£¡Ë
¡¡¤Þ¤¿¡¢°ì°®¤ê¤Î¾åÀ¡¤ß¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëÁϤÀ­¤Î̵ͭ¤Ï¡¢¶µ°é¤È¤Ï´ðËÜŪ¤Ë´Ø·¸¤Ê¤¤¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Japan's state education system is often criticised for quashing original thought among pupils in favour of rote learning, and for placing an emphasis on theory rather than practical skills¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/08/why-d...
¡¡¡ã±Ñ¹ñ¤Î¸½ºß¤Î³ØÎÏȽÄê»î¸³¤Î¿ô³Ø¤È±Ñ¸ì¤¬¿¿¤ÎÎϤοå½à¤ò¸¡½Ð¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡Ü¡ÊÆüËܤǤΡ˹ⴤλþ´ü¤Î£²Ç¯¤âÁ°¤Ë¿ô³Ø¤È±Ñ¸ì¤Î¶µ°é¤ò»ß¤á¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦Æó¤Ä¤ÎÌäÂêÅÀ¤¬»ØŦ¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦I have been arguing for some time that GCSE maths and English at grades A* to C do not give any assurance that a young person is numerate or literate. Indeed, there is ample statistical evidence of students with these higher grades failing the basic numeracy test.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦by 2015, the education-leaving age will be 18, we should move now to make mathematics-numeracy and English-communication compulsory up to that age, as is the case in so many other countries. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/oct/08/e...
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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Young people in England, those aged between 16 and 24, also scored 22nd for literacy and 21st for numeracy out of 24 of the world's developed countries¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã±Ñ¹ñ¤ÎÀ®¿Í¤Î£´Ê¬¤Î£±¤Ï10ºÐ»ùʤοôÍýǽÎϤ·¤«»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦a quarter of adults in England have maths skills no better than a 10-year¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãƱ¤¸¤¯¡¢Ç¯ÇۤοͤÎÊý¤¬¼ã¼Ô¤è¤ê¤âÆɲòÎϤâ¿ôŪǽÎϤâ¹â¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦older adults in England score higher in literacy and numeracy than the average among their peers, while younger adults show some of the lowest scores for their age group.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥¹¥³¥Ã¥È¥é¥ó¥É¤È¥¦¥§¡¼¥ë¥º¤Ï¡¢¥«¥Í¤¬¤«¤«¤ê¤¹¤®¤ë¤È¤³¤ÎÄ´ºº¤Ë»²²Ã¤·¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡£¡Ê¤À¤«¤é¡¢¥¤¥®¥ê¥¹¤ÈËÌ¥¢¥¤¥ë¥é¥ó¥É¤À¤±¤¬»²²Ã¤·¤¿¡£¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡The OECD survey did not include people from Scotland or Wales, which declined to take part on cost grounds.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/oct/08/uk...
¡¡¡ãÆɲòÎÏ/¿ôŪǽÎϤÈÀ¸»ºÀ­¸þ¾åÅ٤ȤÎÁê´ØÅ٤Ϲ⤤¤³¤È¤òÌõ­¤¹¤Ù¤­¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦there is a definite correlation between the OECD's narrow educational metrics and productivity growth¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤Á¤Ê¤ß¤Ë¡¢±Ñ¹ñ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ëξ¿Æ¤Î³ØÎò¤È»Ò¶¡¤ÎÆɲòÎÏ/¿ôŪǽÎϤȤÎÁê´ØÅ٤Ͼ¹ñ¤ËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ£²Çܤâ¹â¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the link between less-educated homes and pupil's educational problems was almost twice as strong in England as in some other countries. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/oct/...
¡¡¡ã¤³¤ÎÌäÂê¤Ïº£»Ï¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤â¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢150ǯ¤Ë¤ï¤¿¤Ã¤Æ±Ñ¹ñ¤ÏÂç½°¶µ°é¤Ë¼ºÇÔ¤·¤Æ¤­¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡It's the classic problem that this country has not solved over 150 years: how do you educate the masses?¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã±Ñ¹ñ¤Î´ë¶ÈÅù¤Ï¿¦°÷¤Ë²¿¤Î¶µ°é·±Îý¤â»Ü¤·¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢¼ã¼Ô¤Ï¼Ò²ñ¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤«¤éÆɲòÎÏ/¿ôŪǽÎϤò¸þ¾å¤µ¤»¤ëµ¡²ñ¤¬¾¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡With a third of employers in the UK not offering any training to their staff, the result is that young adults in employment are unable to catch up or maintain their skills through workplace training.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÊƹñ¤ÎÀ®ÀӤϱѹñ¤è¤ê¤â¤Ã¤È°­¤¤¡£¤«¤Ä¤ÆÊƹñ¤ÏÀ¤³¦¤Î¹â½ÏÎýÀ®¿Í¤Î42%¤òÀê¤á¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤¬¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï¤ï¤º¤«28%¤Ë¤Þ¤ÇÍî¤Á¤¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡The survey showed an even weaker performance from the US, which ranked bottom for numeracy for 16 to 24-year-olds, and in the lower half of the tables overall, below England and Northern Ireland. Where the US once boasted 42% of the world's highest-skilled adults, according to the OECD, it now has just 28%.
http://www.theguardian.com/education/2013/oct/08/o...
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¡¡´Ú¹ñ¤ÎÀ®ÀÓ¤Ï;¤ê¿¶¤ë¤ï¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤¬¡¢¼ã¤¤¿Í¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Û¤ÉÀ®ÀӤϹ⤯¡¦¡¦ÆüËܤμ㤤¿Í¤Ë³¤¤¤Æ24¥«¹ñÃ棲ÈÖÌÜ¡¦¡¦¡¢¾õ¶·¤ÏµÞ®¤Ë²þÁ±¤µ¤ì¤Ä¤Ä¤¢¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ Koreans aged 55 to 65 ranked in the bottom three against their peers in other countries. But Koreans aged 16-24 were second only to the Japanese.
¡¡¡ãÊƹñ¤Ï¡¢Àï¸å¤Î¥Ù¥Ó¡¼¥Ö¡¼¥à»þÂå¤ÎÁؤÎÀ®ÀÓ»ñ»º¤ò¿©¤¤¤Ä¤Ö¤·¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤Ã¤¿¤È¸À¤¨¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡The results show that the U.S. has lost the edge it held over the rest of the industrial world over the course of baby boomers' work lives¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÊƶµ°é¾Ê¤Ï¡¢¤³¤ÎÄ´ºº·ë²Ì¤òƧ¤Þ¤¨¡¢Æó¤ÄÊó¹ð½ñ¤ò½ñ¤¤¤¿¤¬¡¢À¯Éܵ¡´ØÊĺ¿¤Î¤¢¤ª¤ê¤ò¤¯¤é¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¤¤¤Þ¤À¤Ë¤½¤Î¸øɽ¤¬¤Ç¤­¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡The U.S. Department of Education wrote two reports in response to the OECD finding, but neither has been released due to the government shutdown¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014240527023034...
¡¡¡ãWSJ¤Ï¡¢À®ÀÓ¤¬ºÇ¤â°­¤«¤Ã¤¿¥¹¥Ú¥¤¥ó¤È¥¤¥¿¥ê¥¢¤ò¤¢¤²¤Ä¤é¤¦¤³¤È¤ÏÇ®¿´¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Workers in Spain and Italy are the least skilled among 24 developed countries ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãξ¹ñ¤È¤âºòǯGDP¤Ï¥Þ¥¤¥Ê¥¹À®Ä¹¤À¤Ã¤¿¡£¡Ê¤³¤ì¤ÏÊƱѤζᤤ¾­Íè¤ò°Å¼¨¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡The economies of Italy and Spain both contracted last year, and are forecast by the European Commission to shrink again this year¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤¿¤À¤·¡¢ÊƱÑξ¹ñ¤Ï¡¢¶Ð̳¼Ôã¤ÎǽÎϤòºÇ¤â¤è¤¯³èÍѤ·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï³Î¤«¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦both the U.S. and the U.K. are exceptionally good at ensuring that workers' skills are fully exploited, ensuring that their respective skills deficits don't translate into a growth gap with other leading economies.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆüËܤϡ¢ÂоÈŪ¤Ë³èÍÑÅÙ¤¬½½Ê¬¤Ç¤Ê¤¤¡£¤À¤«¤é¡¢Ï«Æ¯»Ô¾ì¤Î¹ÅľÀ­¤òÂÇÇˤ¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܤˤÏÀ®Ä¹Í¾ÃϤ¬¤¢¤ë¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the relative inflexibility of Japan's job markets. It does suggest that if Japan were able to fully use its workers' skills, it could generate higher rates of economic growth, having long stagnated.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014240527023041...

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¡¡¤Ç¤â¡¢Èó¾ï»þ¤Ë¤·¤«Íø¾À­¤¬È¯´ø¤µ¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦²¤ÊƤǤλפ¤¹þ¤ß¤Ï¡¢Èà¤é¤Î¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤¬²õ¤ì¤Æ¤ë¾Úµò¤À¤·¡¢Êƹñ¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë»üÁ±¤Î¶¯¤¤ÅÁÅý¤Ê¤ë¤â¤Î¤Ï¥­¥ê¥¹¥È¶µ¤Î°¦¤Î¶µµÁ¤¬¤â¤¿¤é¤·¤¿ÁжËÀ­¾ã³²¤Î¾É¾õ¤À¤·¡¢¡ÖÀ¯ÉܤÎÂå¤ï¤ê¤Ë¡×±¾¡¹¤â¤Þ¤¿¡¢¥­¥ê¥¹¥È¶µ¤ÎỤ̃Êý½ÔÊÌ/¶Ëü¤ÎÏÀÍý¤ËͳÍ褹¤ëÉÂÍý¤Ê¤ó¤À¤¼¡£¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦People all around the world act more altruistically for the common good in times of emergency,¡¦¡¦¡¦in circumstances that range from something like this to war and famine. But philanthropy has a strong tradition in the US and there's something distinctly American about the idea that individuals can take over the functions of government.
¡¡"Like the guy mowing the lawn in Washington, the idea that somehow people can step in and you don't really need government, you can do it by charity," he says.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24468340

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¡¦¡¦¡¦ The more time and attention they could devote to thinking empathically, the more sensitive they became. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://science.time.com/2013/10/13/bunnies-stinkbu...



#6512¡Ê2013.10.15¡Ë

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#6514¡Ê2013.10.16¡Ë

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#6518¡Ê2013.10.18¡Ë

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#6524¡Ê2013.10.21¡Ë

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#6526¡Ê2013.10.22¡Ë

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#6528¡Ê2013.10.23¡Ë

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¡¡ÆüËܿͤΥ»¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥ì¥¹²½¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Î¥¬¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¢¥óµ­»ö¤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤Îµ­»ö¤¬ÊÆ¥¹¥ì¡¼¥È»ï¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¤¿¡£¢­
¡¡¡ã¤³¤ì¤Ï¡¢À¤³¦¤ÎÀè¿ÊÃϰ趦Ä̤ÎÌäÂê¤À¤¬¡¢ÆüËܤÏÆÈÆäÊÍÍÁê¤òÂӤӤƤ롢¤È¸¶µ­»ö¤Ï»ØŦ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤·¡¢¤½¤Î¾å¤Ç¡¦¡¦¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦The article tries to put Japan in a larger context: ¡ÈAcross urban Asia, Europe and America,¡É Haworth writes, ¡Èpeople are marrying later or not at all, birth rates are falling, single-occupant households are on the rise.¡É But the sense of romantic futility and disillusionment in Japan feels distinct.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢¤½¤ÎÆÈÆäÊÍÍÁê¤Ï¡¢¼Â¤Ï¡¢À¤³¦¤Îº£¸å¤Î¿öÀª¤òÀè¼è¤ê¤·¤¿¤â¤ó¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤µ¡£¡Ê¤½¤¦¡¢À¤³¦¤Ï¡¢º£¸å¡¢Æìʸ¥â¡¼¥É²½/¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ²½¤ÎÆ»¤òÊâ¤à¤Î¤À¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡But perhaps that¡Çs just how we are predisposed to see it and write about it? Maybe Japanese young people are pioneering a deeply satisfying lifestyle in which love and sex have receded into the background--and the trade-off makes them perfectly happy.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãËܶڤ«¤é¤Ï¥Ï¥º¥ì¤ë¤¬¡¢ÊÆÆü¤ÎÀº¿ÀÉÂØí´µÎ¨¤ÏÆüËܤÈƱ¤¸¤¯¡¢Á´¿Í¸ý¤Î£´Ê¬¤Î£±¤À¤Ã¤Æ¤ó¤À¤±¤É¡¢Êƹñ¤ÎÊý¤¬¤Ï¤ë¤«¤Ë¹â¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ü¥¯¤Îǧ¼±¤Ï´Ö°ã¤Ã¤Æ¤¿¤Î¤«¤Ê¡£Ã¯¤«¶µ¤¨¤Æ¡ª¢­¡ä
¡¡ Rates of psychological illness in Japan and the United States are comparable: 24 percent of Japanese adults and 25 percent of American adults¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2013/10/22/ce...



#6530¡Ê2013.10.24¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦According to the¡¦¡¦¡¦Japan¡Çs Agency for Cultural Affairs¡¦¡¦¡¦, Japan¡Çs cuisine is characterized by its artistic presentation and its use of distinctive ingredients. Deeply rooted in its respect for nature, the cuisine also has ceremonial aspects to mark seasonal traditions such as New Year¡Çs celebrations, rice-planting and harvest festivals throughout the year, and plays an important role in strengthening relationships within family and local communities.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2013/10/24/japa...



#6532¡Ê2013.10.25¡Ë

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¡¡¤³¤Î¾¯»Ò²½ÌäÂê¤ËÂн褹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢»Ò°é¤Æ¤Î¼Ò²ñ²½¡¦¡¦¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤ÎÆüËܤϤ½¤¦¤À¤Ã¤¿¡¦¡¦¤È¤½¤Î·ÐÈñ¤Î¸øŪÉéô¡¢¹¹¤Ë¤Ï»Ò¶¡¤¬¤¤¤ë¿Í¤Ø¤ÎµÕº¹ÊÌ¡¢Åù¤òÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤¿»Üºö¤ÎÃǹԤȡ¢°Ü̱¤ÎÂçÉý¼õ¤±Æþ¤ì¡¢¤·¤«¤¢¤ë¤Þ¤¤¡£
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¡¡¡ãÆüËܤϾ¯»Ò²½¤ÇÀ¤³¦¤ËÀè¹Ô¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Japan is a leading indicator of a trend rather than an outlier. Birth rates are falling almost everywhere in the world except for sub-Saharan Africa. This includes the United States, where the vast majority of population growth (82 percent) in coming years will be due to immigration, an option Japan has steadfastly refused to consider.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥»¥Ã¥¯¥¹¥ì¥¹¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤âƱÍÍ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦if decreased sexual desire were really the reason for Japan¡Çs falling population, we¡Çd be seeing versions of this trend story (perhaps to a slightly lesser extent) in every other developed country on the planet.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_world_/2013/10/23/a...



#6544¡Ê2013.10.31¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦I found my way forward through an 18th-century Samurai manual, Yamamoto Tsunetomo¡Çs ¡ÈHagakure,¡É which commanded: ¡ÈMeditation on inevitable death should be performed daily.¡É Instead of fearing my end, I owned it.¡¦¡¦¡¦
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#6676¡Ê2014.1.5¡Ë

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http://sankei.jp.msn.com/west/west_life/news/14010...
http://sankei.jp.msn.com/west/west_life/news/14010...



#6684¡Ê2014.1.9¡Ëhttp://blog.ohtan.net/archives/52192195.html

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#6696¡Ê2014.1.15¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦under 1.4% of people had been victims of assault in the preceding 12 months, well below the OECD average of 4.0%.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦the National Police Agency said the number of murders across the country declined 8.8% to 939 in 2013, below 1,000 for the first time since World War II. That is also a profound drop from the peak of 3,081 in 1954 in the war¡Çs aftermath.
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¡¡Specifically, the police said the number of reported thefts dropped 5.2% to 986,309 in 2013, below the 1 million mark for the first time in four decades.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://blogs.wsj.com/japanrealtime/2014/01/15/japa...



#6704¡Ê2014.1.19¡Ë

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦ Over the last few years, scientists have converged on something of a consensus: The human propensity for lethal violence against "out-group" members has deep evolutionary roots.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥Ü¥Î¥Ü¤¬°ã¤¦¤Î¤Ï¡¢¿Í´Ö¤È¥Á¥ó¥Ñ¥ó¥¸¡¼¤Ï»ñ¸»¤Î´õ¾¯À­¤ËľÌ̤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤«¤é¡£¡ÊÀâÆÀÎϤʤ¤¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¡£¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡Although our peaceful cousins the bonobos are sometimes trumpeted as an example of an alternative evolutionary lineage,¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ãb¡äiologists believe that early humans as well as chimpanzees faced resource competition, whereas bonobos had less resource scarcity, which allowed a species-specific capacity for peaceful intergroup relations to evolve.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤³¤Î˽ÎÏŪÀ­¸þ¤Ï¡¢Äê½»¡¦³¬ÅýÀ©¼Ò²ñ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤Ë¤Ä¤ì¡¢¡Ê¸ß¤¤¤Ë±ó¤¶¤«¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¼êÃʤ¬¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢¡Ë¤Ò¤É¤¯¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£¡Ê¤ä¤Ã¤Ñ¡¢¼íÎĺν¸¼Ò²ñ¤è¤êÇÀ¶È/Í·ËÒ¼Ò²ñ¤ÎÊý¤¬Ë½ÎÏŪ¤¸¤ã¤ó¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡Although violent conflict seems to have been common in pre-history, it appears likely that as societies became more sedentary and hierarchal, there was a sharp increase in warfare as groups lost the capacity to move away from each other in times of conflict.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¤â¤Ã¤È¤â¡¢¿Í´Ö¤Ë¤Ï¡Ê¥Ü¥¯¤Î¸ÀÍդǸÀ¤¦¤È¤³¤í¤Î¡Ë¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪÀ­¸þ¤â¸µ¤«¤éÈ÷¤ï¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ê¤½¤ì¤ß¤í¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡But fortunately, the story does not stop there. Warfare is only one part of our evolutionary legacy. The other is that humans evolved to be highly cooperative and responsive to cultural norms, including those that promote peaceful relationships.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã˽ÎÏŪÀ­¸þ¤è¤ê¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪÀ­¸þ¤ÎÊý¤¬¿Í´Ö¤ÎÀ¸Â¸¤ÈÀ®¸ù¤Î¤¿¤á¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤ê½ÅÍפÀ¤Ã¤¿¡£¡Ê¤³¤ì¤Ç¥ª¥ï¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡The capacity for peaceful and cooperative relationships was surely more essential for the survival and success of the species than bellicosity.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.latimes.com/opinion/commentary/la-oe-gl...

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¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦Unlike in Japan -- as well as China and South Korea -- where older people command a respect born of Confucian tradition, in much of the west old age is mostly associated with sickness, senility and death. Older people tend to be marginalised and treated as unproductive members of society.¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÆüËܤΥǥ¤¥±¥¢¥»¥ó¥¿¡¼¤ÏÀ¤³¦°ì½¼¼Â¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Japan has the highest provision of day centres for the elderly in the world. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¹âÎð¼Ô¿Í¸ý¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤Ë¤â´Ø¤ï¤é¤º¡¢°ì¿ÍÅö¤¿¤ê°åÎÅÈñ¤ÏÀè¿Ê¹ñÃæºÇÄã¤Î¹ñ¤Î°ì¤Ä¡£
¡¡¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢À¸³èÍͼ°¤È°åÎŤΤª¤«¤²¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Spending on healthcare per capita, however, is among the lowest of advanced nations, though outcomes are among the best. That is partly down to lifestyle. Most Japanese eat a healthy, fish-based diet and consume less processed food and sugary drinks than westerners. Obesity is far less common. So are violence and drug abuse. But even taking into account such factors, Japan gets a big bang for its healthcare buck. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥×¥é¥¤¥Þ¥ê¡¼¥±¥¢Ãæ¿´¤Î°åÎŤΤª¤«¤²¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܿͤϰå¼Ô¤Ë¤Ï¤è¤¯¤«¤«¤ë¤¬³°²Ê¼ê½Ñ¤Ï¾¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡ Primary care is given priority over specialist treatment: the Japanese visit the doctor far more often than Americans but receive far fewer surgical interventions. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã2000ǯ¤ÎÄ´ºº¤Ç¤Ï¡¢·ò¹¯À¸³èǯÎð¤ÎÊ¿¶Ñ¤Ï±ÑÊƤËÈæ¤Ù¤Æ¶Ë¤á¤Æ¹â¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡A World Health Organisation study in 2000 found that Japanese people enjoyed an average of 74.5 years of healthy life, compared with 71.7 in the UK and just 70 in the US.
¡¡¡ãÆüËܤǤϹâÎð¼Ô¤Ïº·É¤µ¤ì¡¢¾åÀʤ¬Í¿¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¡£Ç¯¸ù½øÎóÀ©¤â¹âÎð¼Ôº½Å¤Îɽ¤ì¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Another factor is that older people tend to be treated as important members of society. On social occasions, they are offered the seats reserved for those due most respect. In many companies, hierarchies are still governed largely by age.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/07d4c8a8-7e45-11e3-...



#6706¡Ê2014.1.20¡Ë

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#6708¡Ê2014.1.21¡Ë

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¡¡ÆüËܤǤΥ¤¥ë¥«µù¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¤Îµ­»ö¤¬¥¬¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¢¥ó¤Ë½Ð¤Æ¡¢
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/20/japan...
¤³¤Îµ­»ö¤Ø¤ÎÅê¹Æ¤¬ÂçÀª¤ÏÇÍÅݤǡ¢ÆüËܿͤȻפ·¤­¿Í¤Ë¤è¤ëÅê¹Æ¤âÌÀ¸åÆü¤ÎÊý¸þ¤ò¸þ¤¤¤Æ¤¿¤Î¤Ç¡¢»²À路¤Æ¤ª¤¤¤¿¡£¡Ê¡ã¡äÆâ¤Ï»ä¤Ë¤è¤ëÁ´Ìõ¡£¡Ë¢­
¡¡¡ã»ÙÆᤸ¤ã¸¤¤ò¿©¤¦¤¬º£¤ÎÆüËܤ¸¤ã·è¤·¤Æ¿©¤ï¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
Dogs are eaten in China, but definitely not in contemporary Japan.
¡¡¡ã¤À¤±¤É¡¢ÆüËܿͤϤ½¤ó¤Ê¤³¤È¤Ç»ÙÆá¿Í¤òÈóÆñ¤·¤¿¤ê¤Ï¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
However, the Japanese people never accuse the Chinese people for it.
¡¡¡ã¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢ÆüËܿͤϡʼç¤È¤·¤Æ¥­¥ê¥¹¥È¶µ¤ËͳÍ褹¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤Î¡Ë²¤ÊƿͤοʹÖÃ濴ŪÀ¤³¦´Ñ¤«¤é¤Ï¼«Í³¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¸¤¤ä¥¤¥ë¥«¤ò¿Í´Ö¤Ë½à¤¸¤Æ°·¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢¡Ê²¤ÊÆ¿Í㤬¤Ò¤È¤È¤­¡¢ÀäÌÇÀ£Á°¤Ë¤Þ¤ÇÄɤ¤¹þ¤ó¤À¤È¤³¤í¤Î¡Ë·ß¤ÎÃϰ̤òÆÃÊ̤ʤâ¤Î¤Ø¤È¹â¤á¤¿¤ê¤â¤·¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
In fact, the Japanese people are free from Westerners¡Çanthropocentric worldview, which originates chiefly from Christianity, so neither dogs nor dolphins are treated as Semi-humans in Japan, neither did they elevate the status of the whales to something special, which the Westerners once hunted them to near extinction.
¡¡¡ãÆüËܤǤΥ¤¥ë¥«¤Î»¦¤·Êý¤¬ÌîÈÚ¤À¤Ã¤Æ¡©¢­¡ä
The way the dolphins are killed in Japan is barbarous?
¡¡¡ã³Î¤«¤Ë¡¢¤É¤ó¤ÊÓ®ÆýÎà¤Î¼í¤ê¤ò¤¹¤ë»þ¤ÈƱ¤¸°ÌÌîÈÚ¤À¤ï¤Ê¡£¢­¡ä
Yes it is as barbarous as hunting any mammals.
¡¡¡ã¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ì¤¬¤É¤¦¤«¤·¤¿¤Î¤«¤¤¡©¢­¡ä
So what?
¡¡¡ãÍê¤à¤«¤é¤â¤¦¤Á¤Ã¤È¸¬µõ¤Ë¡¢¤½¤·¤ÆʸÌÀ²½¤·¤Æ¤¯¤ì¤ä¡£¢­¡ä
Please be a little bit more humble and civilized.
¡¡¡ã¤½¤ì¤Þ¤Ç¤Î´Ö¤Ï¡¢ÆüËܿͤϤâ¤Ï¤ä¤½¤ÎɬÍפ¬¤Ê¤¯¤Æ¤â¥¤¥ë¥«¤ä·ß¤Î¼í¤ê¤ò³¤±¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£¤½¤ÎÍ£°ì¤ÎÌÜŪ¤Ï¡¢²¤ÊÆ¿Íã¤ò¤½¤Î̵ÃΤÈÐþËý¤µ¤«¤é²òÊü¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤µ¡£¢­¡ä
Until then, Japanese people will hunt both dolphins and whales even if they don¡Çt need to, for the single purpose of emancipating the Westerners from their ignorance and arrogance.

¡¡ÊÆÂç»È¤Î¥Õ¥§¡¼¥¹¥Ö¥Ã¥¯µ­»ö¤¬ÏäΤ­¤Ã¤«¤±¤Ë¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¤¿¤á¤«¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤è¤êËèÅ٤Τ³¤È¤À¤¬¡¢Ãó±ÑÂç»È¤ÎÎÓ·¯°Ê²¼¤Îºß±ÑÆüËܳ°¸ò´±Ï¢Ãæ¤Ï²¿Ã뿲¤·¤È¤ó¤Î¤«¤Í¡£
¡¡Ã润Âç»È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤ÏÈ¿ÏÀ¤¹¤ë¤Î¤Ë¡¢ÆüËܤγ°Ì³¾Ê¤Ï¡¢½¡¼ç¹ñ¥µ¥Þ¤Î¤ª¤Ã¤·¤ã¤ë¤³¤È¤ËÂФ·¤Æ¤Ï¡¢¤Ò¤¿¤¹¤é¶³½ç¤ò·è¤á¹þ¤àÊý¿Ë¤Ê¤ó¤À¤í¤Ê¡£



#6708¡Ê2014.1.21¡Ë

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¡¡¤½¤ì¤¬Ê¬¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ê¤é±Ç²è´ÆÆĤä¤á¤í¤Ã¤Æ¤ó¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡Ö¡¦¡¦¡¦°æÅû´ÆÆĤϡִѤ¿¤³¤È¤òµ­²±¥¼¥í¤Ë¤·¤¿¤¤¡×¤È¡¢Æù¶¤òÈþÃ̤ˤ¹¤ë¡¦¡¦¡¦¡Ø±Ê±ó¤Î0¡Ù¡¦¡¦¡¦¤Øµ¿Ìä¤òÄ褹¤ë¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦¡×
http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/8450607/

¡¡Ê¬¤«¤Ã¤Æ¤Ê¤¤ÆüËÜ¿Í¡¦¡¦¸½ºß²¿¹ñÀҤʤΤ«¤ÏÃΤé¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¦¡¦¤½¤Î£²¡£
¡¡¡Ø±Ê±ó¤Î0¡Ù¤ò¸«¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¡¢°¿¤¤¤Ï¸«¤Æ¤â¤½¤ì¤¬ÀïÁè¤òÈÝÄꤷ¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢¤·¤«¤â¿Í´Ö¼çµÁ¤ò¥Æ¡¼¥Þ¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¤¬Ê¬¤«¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Ç¤½¤Îûɾ¤ò½ñ¤¯¤è¤¦¤Ê¿Í´Ö¡Ê¥³¥é¥à#6663¡£Ì¤¸ø³«¡Ë¤¬¡¢¼Ò²ñÌäÂê¤Ë¤Ä¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤·¤«¤âÆüËܿͤòÂåɽ¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤è¤¦¤Ê¸ý¤Ö¤ê¤Ç¡¢¸ì¤ë¤Ê¤Ã¤Æ¤ó¤À¡£¢­
¡¡¡Ö¥ª¥Î¡¦¥è¡¼¥³¤µ¤ó¡¢¥¤¥ë¥«¤ÎÄɤ¤¹þ¤ßµù¤ËÁʤ¨¡¦¡¦¡¦¡×
http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/8450756/



#6710¡Ê2014.1.22¡Ë

¡ãÂÀÅÄ¡ä

¡¡ºòÆü¤Î¥¬¡¼¥Ç¥£¥¢¥ó¤ÎÅê¹Æ¤ËÂФ¹¤ë¥³¥á¥ó¥È¤Ï£²·ï¤À¤±¤À¤Ã¤¿¤Í¡£¡Ê¡ã¡äÆâ¤ÏÁ´Ìõ¡Ë
¡¡ [orbit48]
¡¡
21 January 2014 3:16am
Recommend¡¡10
¡¡
¡äUntil then, Japanese people will hunt both dolphins and whales even if they don¡Çt need to, for the single purpose of emancipating the Westerners from their ignorance and arrogance
¡¡
¡¡¡ã¤½¤ì¤³¤½¡¢ÐþËý¤Ê¸ÀÌÀ¤¸¤ã¤Ê¤¤¤«¡£¡ä
A rather arrogant statement
¡¡[xeylegs]
¡¡
21 January 2014 3:48am
Recommend¡¡8
¡¡
¡äDogs are eaten in China,
¡¡
¡¡¡ã¸¤¤ò¿©¤¦¤Î¤Ï»ÙÆá¤Î°ìÉô¤À¤·¡¢¤¿¤Þ¤Î¤³¤È¤À¡£Âè°ì¤¦¤Þ¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¼«Ê¬¤Î¼çÄ¥¤ò΢ÉÕ¤±¤ë¤¿¤á¤Î¤â¤¦¤Á¤È¥Þ¥·¤Ê¥×¥í¥Ñ¥¬¥ó¥À¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤«¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
In some parts, but not very often. And the meat's not very good. If you need propaganda to support your case, you really don't have much of a case.
¡¡
¡äIn fact, the Japanese people are free from Westerners¡Çanthropocentric¡¡worldview, which originates chiefly from Christianity, so neither dogs nor dolphins are treated as Semi-humans in Japan, neither did they elevate the status of the whales to something special, which the Westerners once hunted them to near extinction.
¡¡
¡¡¡ã¤ª¼á²à¤µ¤ó¤ÏÁ´¤Æ¤ÎÌ¿¤òÂçÀڤˤ»¤è¤È¤¤¤¦¹Í¤¨¤À¤Ã¤¿¤í¤¬¡£¢­¡ä
There I was thinking that Buddha called for compassion towards ALL life!
¢ÍËͤΥѥó¥Á¤¬¤­¤¤¤Æ¡¢¤Þ¤È¤â¤ÊÈ¿ÏÀ¤¹¤é¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¡¢¤È¼õ¤±»ß¤á¤¿¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤À¤Í¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë

¡¡Õ»ÊƤνô·¯¡¢¤Þ¤ÀÌܤ¬³Ð¤á¤Ê¤¤¤«¤Í¡©¢­
¡¡Êƹñ̳¾Ê¤Î¥Ï¡¼¥ÕÉûÊóÆ»´±¤Ï21Æü¤ÎÅÅÏõ­¼Ô²ñ¸«¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܤǤΥ¤¥ë¥«µù¤Ë´Ø¤·¡ÖÀ¸Êª»ñ¸»¤Î»ý³²ÄǽÀ­¤ÈÆ»µÁÀ­¤ÎξÌ̤ǷüÇ°¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡×¤ÈɽÌÀ¤·¤¿¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.tokyo-np.co.jp/s/article/20140122010011...

¡¡ÃóÆü±ÑÂç»È¤È¹ëÂç»È¤â¥¤¥ë¥«µù¤òÈãȽ¡£¡Ê²¿¤Ç¡¢ÆüËܤμçÍ×¥Þ¥¹¥³¥ß¤ÎÅÅ»ÒÈǤä¥Ë¥å¡¼¥¹¥Ð¥é¥¨¥Æ¥£¤Ç¡¢¤³¤Î¤³¤È¤òÊ󤸤ʤ¤¤ó¤À¡©¡Ë¢­
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦British Ambassador to Japan Tim Hitchens and Australia's Environment Minister Greg Hunt also criticized the hunt.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-jap...

¡¡ËÜ·ï¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ëϲλ³Ãλö¤Î¸À¤ÎÁ°Ãʤϡ¢Ï¢Ã椬¿Í´ÖÃ濴ŪÀ¤³¦´Ñ¤ò»ý¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢¤½¤ó¤Ê¤³¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤â²¿¤éÏ¢Ãæ¤Î¿´¤Ë¤Ï¶Á¤«¤ºµÕ¸ú²Ì¤À¤è¡£¢­
¡¡Ï²λ³¸©¤Î¿ÎºäµÈ¿­Ãλö¤Ï¡¦¡¦¡¦¡Ö²æ¡¹¤Ïµí¤äÆڤʤɤÎÌ¿¤òÃ¥¤Ã¤ÆÀ¸¤­¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¿©Æù½èÍý¾ì¤Ë¤ÏÌܤò¤Ä¤Ö¤Ã¤Æ¡¢¥¤¥ë¥«¤ä·ß¤ò»¦¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤³¤í¤À¤±»ÄµÔ¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤ÏÏÀÍýŪ¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¡×¤ÈÈ¿ÏÀ¤·¤¿¡£
¡¡¡ã°Ê²¼¡¢¸åÃʤÏÂçÊÑ·ë¹½¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¿ÎºäÃλö¤Ï¡Ö¿©Ê¸²½¤Ï¤ß¤ó¤Ê°ã¤¦¡£À¤³¦Åª¤Ë»ñ¸»¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¡¢Áê¼ê¤ÎΩ¾ì¤òǧ¤á¤ë¤Î¤¬¤è¤í¤·¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡×¤È½Ò¤Ù¡¢¡ÖÆüËܿͤϿô¾¯¤Ê¤¤»ñ¸»¤òÂç»ö¤Ë¤·¤Æ¤­¤¿¤È¤¤¤¦¼«É餬¤¢¤ë¡£Íð³Í¤Ç»ñ¸»¤¬¤Ê¤¯¤Ê¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊÊá¤êÊý¤Ï¤·¤Æ¤ª¤é¤º¡¢¼«Á³¤Î·Ã¤ß¤Ë´¶¼Õ¤¹¤ëʸ²½¤ò¤º¤Ã¤È³¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¤½¤¦¤¤¤Ã¤¿Á´ÂΤò¤è¤¯Íý²ò¤·¤Æ¤â¤é¤¤¤¿¤¤¡×¤È¶¯Ä´¤·¤¿¡£¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://t.topics.jp.msn.com/t/news/politics/%e3%80%...¡¡
¡¡
¡¡¡ãÂÀÃϤÎÌò¿Í¤Î¸À¤ÎÁ°Ãʤ⡢¥¤¥ë¥«µù¤À¤±¤·¤«¿©¤¦¼êÃʤ¬¤Ê¤¤¤Ê¤ó¤ÆÀâÌÀ¤Ï¤è¤í¤·¤¯¤Ê¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦a local Japanese fisheries official said¡¦¡¦¡¦¡ÈThis is a very small town in the countryside. We have no other major industries,¡¦¡¦¡¦I want her to come and visit so that she can understand how we make a living from it. Many fishermen make a living from the hunting, and many others also earn their living by working at food processing factories,¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¥¤¥ë¥«»¦³²ÊýË¡¤ò²þÁ±¤·¤Æ·ì¤¬Î®¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤è¤¦¤Ë¤·¤¿¡¢¤È¤¤¤¦¤Î¤Ï¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤â¹½¤ï¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢¤à¤·¤í¡¢¤½¤ó¤Ê·Þ¹çŪ¤Ê¡Ö²þÁ±¡×¤Ê¤ó¤Æ¤·¤ÆÍߤ·¤¯¤Ê¤«¤Ã¤¿¤Ê¡£¢­¡ä
We have switched to a more humane way of butchering them,¡¦¡¦¡¦We cut the spinal cord so that they don¡Çt bleed. We don¡Çt butcher them like before.¡É
http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/201...



#6710¡Ê2014.1.22¡Ë

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¡¡¡ã¥¢¥¸¥¢¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¼ô¶µÊ¸²½¤Ë¤â¤«¤«¤ï¤é¤º¤Ã¤Æ¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤ë¤¬¡¢ÆüËܤϴðËÜŪ¤Ë¼ô¶µ¤Î±Æ¶Á¤Ï¼õ¤±¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¤±¤Éº£¤Ç¤âÏ·¿Í¤ÏÂç»ö¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ë¤Î¤ËÂФ·¡¢´Ú¹ñ¤Ï¼ô¶µ¤Î±Æ¶Á¤ò¶¯¤¯¼õ¤±¤Æ¤ë¤±¤Éº£¤Ç¤ÏÏ·¿Í¤¬Âç»ö¤Ë¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤Ã¤Æ¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢ËÜ·ï¤È¼ô¶µ¤Ê¤ó¤Æ´Ø·¸¤Ê¤¤¤ó¤À¤è¡£Íפ¹¤ë¤Ë´Ú¹ñ¿Í¤ÏÈó¿Í´Ö¼çµÁŪ¤Ê¿Í¡¹¤Ê¤Î¤µ¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡¡¦¡¦¡¦In much of Asia, a powerful Confucian social contract has for centuries dictated that children care for their aging parents. But that filial piety is weakening as younger generations migrate to cities.
¡¡¡ã´Ú¹ñ¤¸¤ã¡¢¤È¤ê¤ï¤±¶¥Á褬·ãÎõ¤À¤«¤é¤Ã¤Æ¤Î¤â²¿¤ÎÍýͳ¤Ë¤â¤Ê¤Ã¤È¤é¤ó¤è¡£¡ÊÂÀÅÄ¡Ë¢­¡ä
¡¡The change is particularly noteworthy in South Korea, because it has accumulated wealth so quickly and its society is so notoriously cutthroat, with ruthless competition for the best test scores and more prestigious jobs. ¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡Over the past 15 years, the percentage of children who think they should look after their parents has shrunk from 90 percent to 37 percent¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÂ࿦¼Ô¤Î»°Ê¬¤Î°ì¤·¤«Ç¯¶â¤ò¤â¤é¤Ã¤Æ¤Ê¤¤¤·¡¢³Û¤â¤ï¤º¤«¤À¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡Meanwhile, South Korea¡Çs government has been slow to provide a safety net. Only a third of retirees have pensions, and the payouts are relatively paltry¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ã¹âÎð¼Ô¤Î¼«»¦Î¨¤Ï2000ǯ¤«¤é¸½ºß¤Þ¤Ç¤Ë£³Çܤˤʤä¿¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡South Korea¡Çs elderly suicide rate has more than tripled since 2000¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãǯ¶âÀ©ÅÙ¤¬Æ³Æþ¤µ¤ì¤¿¤Î¤Ï²¿¤È1988ǯ¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡South Korea established its pension system in 1988,¡¦¡¦¡¦
¡¡¡ãÀ¸³èÊݸîÀ©Å٤⤢¤ë¤¬¡¢»Ò¶¡Åù¤¬ÉÞÍܤ·¤Ê¤¤¡¢¤Ê¤¤¤·¤Ç¤­¤Ê¤¤¤³¤È¤ò¾ÚÌÀ¤·¤Ê¤±¤ì¤Ð¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¡¢ÀÁµá¤òí´í°¤¦¼Ô¤¬Â¿¤¤¡£¢­¡ä
¡¡There is a welfare system, too, but its laws are antiquated. Those with children are ineligible, unless they prove that their offspring are unwilling or incapable of providing support. Many elderly people don¡Çt pursue that exemption because they are embarrassed about their situation.¡¦¡¦¡¦
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/f...



#6712¡Ê2014.1.23¡Ë

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¡¡¿©ÎÁȯÀ¸ÁõÃÖ¤¬²ø¤·¤¤¤È¤³¤í¤Ç¤¹¤¬¡¢¤Ê¤ó¤È¤«¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤â¤Î¤Ç¤·¤ç¤¦¤«¡£
¡¡¿Í¹©Æù¤Ê¤ó¤Æ¤Î¤â½Ð¤Æ¤­¤Æ¤Þ¤¹¤·¡£
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¡¡[Blobbins OhtaNobumasa]22 January 2014 5:12am
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¡¡Nobumasa-san, I think you are a little wide of the mark. People in Japan are no less silly about animals than people elsewhere, they are just silly in slightly different ways.
¡¡
¡¡There are media crazes about axolotls and frilled lizards. Dogs in Harajuku wear waistcoats and sunglasses and besotted old ladies talk to them just like in the West.
¡¡All stupidity aside, East and West aside, what is wrong with the notion that animals have rights? Doesn't Buddhism teach that we should respect all living things?
¡¡If we are going to eat animals, don't we owe them at least a stress-free life and a quiet pain-free death?
¡¡There is a certain amount of Japan bashing going on but you don't help by going on about killing marine mammals to teach the West a lesson in humility.
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¡¡[TamLin orbit48]21 January 2014 4:29am
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Mr. Ohta sounds more like a nationalist than a hunter. But despite the sarcasm, his statement has a ring of truth to it. There are many Japanese people - including people at high levels in politics and government - who believe they are fighting a war against foreign interference.
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For such people, infected with this peculiarly Japanese strain of nationalism, continuing to slaughter whales is synonymous with continuing to exert national sovereignty. In their minds, giving in on this issue would be as unthinkable as for a little Englander to accept an EU directive that pub beer should only be served in litres or half-litres.
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There are a thousand ways in which one could construct a national identity and many of them are purely symbolic. It's a great shame that so many people in Japan have decided to swallow "whaling" as a national symbol and are content to place the harpoon up on the altar of national pride right next to the Hinomaru, cherry blossoms, kimono, bonsai, marital arts and sudoku.
¡¡[Chunkyrice] 21 January 2014 6:48am
¡¡
¡ä"Dogs are eaten in China, but definitely not in contemporary Japan. However, the Japanese people never accuse the Chinese people for it."
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Oh yes they do, the Japanese are always talking about Korea and China, and how they will eat any kind of meat.
The average person in Japan loves Chinese food, but believes any malicious rumours spread about food quality of Chinese imports.
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Another typical falsehood you propagate is that the western worldview derives from Christianity - this is a view often used by Japanese intellectuals to "explain" the difference between the west and Japan. Unfortunately, it ignore the fact of thousands of years of paganism and pagan culture, before the recent arrival of Christianity - a religion of failing popularity in Europe these days, if not in the US.
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Finally, you fail to address the main issue here - not that we all eat meat, but that the way these dolphins are killed is barbaric and cruel, far crueler than what happens in an abbatoir (if what we are told is true).
Does anyone actually eat this dolphin meat, or is it just thrown away?
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I know you are angry to see people attacking Japan, but you have to accept that this is indefensible. It does Japan's international reputuation no favours at all.
¡¡[OxfordBiker] 21 January 2014 9:23am
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I am afraid there are English people still alive who experienced Japanese barbarism during WW2 while prisoners of war. There is some problem with emotional development. This is not about anthromorphism, it's about developing empathy and compassion and recognising that we are ALL animals and that we should treat each other and other animals accordingly. When will people ever learn to act with gentleness. Probably never and it makes me feel despairing.
¡¡[Greenshoots Chunkyrice]21 January 2014 10:33am
¡¡
¡äUnfortunately, it ignore the fact of thousands of years of paganism and pagan culture, before the recent arrival of Christianity - a religion of failing popularity in Europe these days, if not in the US.
¡¡
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So Christianity being "recent" - a mere 2000 years, 80 generations - means it is not one of the primary influences on western thought. Its "failing popularity", a far more recent phenomenon, allows you to discount it though apparently the earlier "failing popularity" of paganism doesn't affect it's supposed influence.
I note your lumping together of a whole shed load of different religions and cultures in order to come up with your longer heritage. There was in fact no single "pagan culture" or religion which dominated Europe in anything like the way Christianity has.
¡¡[orbit48 TamLin]21 January 2014 1:15pm

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¡¡Agreed. A great shame
¡¡[kirk1]22 January 2014 12:22am
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¡ä "Anthropocentric".
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Ah, there we go. I was wondering when that old canard would show up. I was also waiting for the "anthropomorphic" and "cute and cuddly" arguments and was not disappointed. Ditto the "but what about cows and pigs" sleight of hand.
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The thing is, animals have not elected to be included in ANY human culture. They are completely outside human culture, tradition and law so to use the pain and suffering of ANY animal as some sort of national "cultural" issue is absurd.
¡¡
¡äPlease be a little bit more humble and civilized.
¡¡
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Is this a joke? The Japanese whaling fleet sails halfway around the world to a protected international marine sanctuary to hunt whales for nationalistic reasons - and we're not being "humble and civilized"??
This atrocity takes place in Australian Antarctic waters - despite Australia's efforts over decades to help increase whale numbers - and it's none of our business?
Is this "humble" on the part of Japan??
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Is "civilized" what you call harpooning sentient animals with explosives and dragging their bodies onto ships in waters NO WHERE NEAR Japan for the purpose of showing to the world what a big and important nation Japan is?
Please. This is about a macho pissing contest - nothing more.
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