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History / movie Info - NASA must devise a strategy to return Apollo 13 to Earth safely after the spacecraft undergoes massive internal damage putting the lives of the three astronauts on board in jeopardy / runtime - 140 minute / 1995 / writed by - Jim Lovell / cast - Tom Hanks, Gary Sinise. Apollo 13 online cz. My favorite movie of all time. It's so real, every time I see the explosion I just gotta go whoa.
Apollo 13 oscar nominee crossword. Listen to President Kennedy rally the American people to support NASA's Apollo program Pres. John F. Kennedy rallying the people of the United States to support NASA's Apollo program to land human beings on the Moon, September 12, 1962. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. See all videos for this article Apollo 13, U. S. spaceflight, launched on April 11, 1970, that suffered an oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon, threatening the lives of three astronauts ?commander Jim Lovell, lunar module pilot Fred Haise, and command module pilot Jack Swigert. The severely damaged Apollo 13 service module (SM) as photographed from the lunar module/command module. An entire panel on the SM was blown away by the explosion of an oxygen tank. NASA Houston, we’ve had a problem Apollo 13 was launched from Cape Kennedy, Florida, by a giant Saturn V launch vehicle and only minutes later was inserted into orbit around Earth. About 2. 5 hours after launch, the still-attached S IVB third stage was reignited to provide the final boost toward the Moon. The transposition maneuver (removing the lunar module, code-named Aquarius, from the S IVB adapter) was carried out efficiently, and soon Apollo 13 was coasting toward the Moon on a path so accurate that the first planned course adjustment was canceled. Later in the mission, the craft underwent a hybrid transfer maneuver to facilitate landing in the difficult Fra Mauro region of the Moon. To do this, the service module’s propulsion system provided a 4. 6-metre- (15-foot-) per-second velocity change designed to lower the command module’s closest approach to the Moon from 389 km (242 miles) to 109 km (68 miles) and place the craft on a “non-free-return” trajectory. This meant that should no further propulsive maneuver be made during the flight, the craft would not swing around the Moon and return directly to Earth on a “free-return” trajectory but instead would miss Earth by 4, 750 km (2, 950 miles). However, a shift back to a free-return trajectory was within the capability of both the service module propulsion system and the lunar module descent stage propulsion system. So accurate was the hybrid transfer that a scheduled course correction was canceled. Apollo 13 launch Apollo 13 launching from Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, April 11, 1970. MSFC/NASA April 12, the day after launch, passed without incident. Early on the evening of April 13, the astronauts pressurized the lunar module Aquarius, and Lovell and Haise passed from the command module Odyssey through the connecting tunnel while checking all systems for the forthcoming landing. Suddenly, as Lovell was moving through the tunnel on his way back from Aquarius to Odyssey, a loud explosion was heard. All three astronauts quickly gathered in Odyssey to study the instruments in an effort to determine what had happened. Noting that one of the main electrical systems aboard was degrading, Haise and Lovell radioed the information to mission control in Houston, quickly turning a routine flight into one of the most exciting episodes in space history. Haise: Okay, Houston? Lovell: I believe we’ve had a problem here. Mission control: This is Houston. Say again please. Lovell: Houston, we’ve had a problem. We’ve had a main B bus undervolt. Within eight seconds of the explosion, pressure in one of the service module’s two cryogenic oxygen tanks had dropped to zero. Together with the cryogenic hydrogen tanks, they fed the required supplies to the craft’s three fuel cells, which were needed for the generation of electrical power, oxygen for breathing, and drinking water. About an hour after the accident, mission control announced that “we are now looking toward an alternate mission, swinging around the Moon and using the lunar module power systems because of the situation that has developed here this evening. ” The astronauts were to move into Aquarius, which would serve as a lifeboat, while the disabled Apollo 13 swung around the Moon and headed homeward. All thoughts of a lunar landing had long since been abandoned. Around the Moon The anxiety for the safety of the astronauts was felt in every corner of the globe, and millions of persons remained glued to television and radio sets as the perilous journey unfolded. Still three days away from Earth, the astronauts moved into the lunar module Aquarius, which they powered up before shutting down the command module Odyssey to conserve the latter’s emergency battery power for the atmospheric reentry maneuver at the end of the mission. Only the command module could pass through Earth’s atmosphere; the lunar module would have to be discarded, along with the service module, before the outer atmosphere was reached. In the meantime, however, the lunar module would be their home. When the astronauts first transferred into and activated Aquarius, Apollo 13 was about 20 hours from the Moon. Plans were made for transferring out of the hybrid trajectory and onto the free-return trajectory, a maneuver that was executed in the early morning hours of April 14. At mission control, teams of experts worked to check out all feasible maneuvers and situations in flight simulators, feeding every plan and contingency through computers. Leaders from all parts of the world voiced concern, and from Soviet Premier Aleksey N. Kosygin came the message that “the Soviet Government has given orders to all citizens and members of the armed forces to use all necessary means to render assistance in the rescue of the American astronauts. ” Four Soviet ships began moving toward the planned recovery area, while French and British warships also moved to the rescue. Radio contact with Apollo 13 was lost during the evening of April 14 as the craft swung behind the Moon, passing at an altitude of 264 km (164 miles) at the closest approach. (Since their trajectory had a higher lunar altitude than other Apollo missions, Apollo 13 set the record for farthest flight from Earth of 401, 056 km [249, 205 miles]. ) Soon afterward the spacecraft started along its return path home. Meanwhile, the long-since-discarded S IVB third stage crashed onto the Moon?it had followed an independent trajectory?as part of a planned experiment to cause an artificial moonquake to aid scientists in understanding the nature of the lunar interior. When the astronauts learned from Houston of the stage’s impact, Swigert radioed back, “Well, at least something worked on this flight. …I’m sure glad we didn’t have an LM [Lunar Module] impact too! ” About two hours later the descent stage propulsion system of the lunar module was ignited for 5 seconds at 10 percent throttle, 21 seconds at 40 percent throttle, and almost 4 minutes at full throttle. This added 941 km (585 miles) per hour to Apollo 13’s velocity, thereby cutting by 10 hours the length of the homeward journey and ensuring a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean south of Samoa. On board the spacecraft, oxygen stores remained sufficient, as did cooling water. The astronauts reduced their consumption of drinking water to six ounces per day and their consumption of electricity by 80 percent. However, the lunar module’s lithium hydroxide cartridges that removed carbon dioxide from the air would last only about 50 hours, and those from the command module were not designed to fit Aquarius. Therefore, engineers on the ground devised a makeshift adapter scheme, radioing to Apollo 13 instructions on how to attach the cartridges from the command module to the lunar module hoses. The job was done, and Haise reported, “Our do-it-yourself lithium hydroxide canister change is complete. ” Interior of the Apollo 13 lunar module (LM) Aquarius showing the “mail box, ” a jury-rigged arrangement that the astronauts built to use the command module lithium hydroxide canisters to purge carbon dioxide from the LM. NASA.
One of the worst interviewers I've ever watched. It would have been so much better if he didn't ask so many stupid questions and just shut up letting the astronauts and experts speak. How does Ed Harris stay cool for so long in this situation. They never got to land on the moon that's messed up. Houston, We don't have problem ?.

Thank you, you saved the year 1968 so true ; 1968 was such a crazy year, this was beautiful

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Apollo 13 1995. Is this all the audio from the entire mission. Apollo 11 coins. Ay we got a problem. Apollo 136. Apollo 13 behind the scenes. Danke für diese Coole und interessante Doku ?. My mom's sad and me????????????????????????????????.
I remember the sky before we started Dad had been a meteorologist and then on to engineering. He dragged my reluctant sleepy self out of bed to sky watch and see the first orbit of Sputnik. Now our sky is a very busy place. The stars were always we began the adding our special touch to the decor. Seeing the magnificence of the sky where no ambient light disturbs is so incredible. Can only imagine the feeling of being in space and seeing the earth. Ron Howard is a solid if unspectacular director. He's capable of making enjoyable films, but they often feel trite and uninspired. However, with Apollo 13 he comes closet to making something that achieves greatness.
But it must be said that it would take an unspeakably awful filmmaker to make a poor movie about the Apollo 13 story. All you have to do is stick close to the facts, film it and not get in the way. And I guess that's what Howard does, for his directing style is pretty anonymous and his viewpoint is narrow ? the film doesn't really concern itself with the politics of Apollo. And while in some cases that could hurt a film, here it's the right decision, because rather than try and be a critique of the space programme it's the simple story of a bunch of guys trying to get home ? too much commentary would detract from the drama. Not that there isn't the odd bit of commentary here and there. There's a good scene where the astronauts are broadcasting from their craft, not knowing that the TV networks have dumped them ? already space exploration has become boring. And there's also the scene where the media try and set up shop on Marilyn Lovell's lawn ? the media are only interested in the mission once the crew are in jeopardy. And on top of this you get a few digs at NASA bureaucracy. But aside from that, the film assumes you're in awe of space exploration and that you agree with the Apollo programme. And while the flag waving nature of the film with its patriotic music, long pauses and hushed voices is its weakness, it's also its strength, because as absurd and expensive as space travel is, it still touches something deep inside. There's something moving about a bunch of guys risking their lives to push the boundaries. And although Teflon is the greatest thing that space exploration has produced, there's a sense of wonder and pride in knowing that men have managed to break the shackles of the Earth and walked on the Moon (anyone who thinks the landings were hoaxed should be shot ? conspiracy theorists are perhaps even more worthless than Goths. Therefore there's quite a bit of emotion when Jim Lovell (Tom Hanks) realises that he wont be walking on the Moon. This is his dream and its been dashed. And there's a great scene when the craft orbits the Moon. Knowing that he won't be walking on it, he refuses to look, knowing that to gaze upon it would be torture. But despite his reluctance, his resolve eventually cracks and when he turns back round he imagines what it would have been like to walk on the surface. It's a small moment of fantasy, but it brilliantly illustrates the joy that has been denied this man. Less effective is the scene where Lovell explains the lunar landing to his son. The intention is okay ? to make light of the risks for the sake of family ? but the kid is a little too cutesy. And I also dislike the scenes with Lovell's mother. She's a dotty old woman and serves as the film's comic relief ? she asks Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin whether they're part of the space programme. But the film should have either made her more believable or dispensed with her entirely. Much more effective are the scenes with mission control. Ed Harris is great as always and there are some moments of real tension. Plus the scenes with mission control show what a team effort it was to bring the astronauts back home. And I even forgave the film scenes of mass whooping, because although a bunch of loud-mouthed Americans whooping usually irritates the hell out of me, I was almost joining in. I felt like punching the air when the rocket took off and I felt like raising the roof when the crew landed in the Pacific ? finally here's something worth whooping about. Another of the film's strengths is its attention to detail. All the technical jargon, all the confusing buttons and all the convoluted procedures have a convincing air of authenticity. And it also helps that some of the scenes were shot in zero G. It allows you to concentrate on the story (dodgy effects would have been a huge distraction. And the zero G produces a couple of wonderful moments, the first being Bill Paxton puking chunks (we've all wondered what weightless vomiting would look like) and the second occurring during the television broadcast that was ditched for baseball when Paxton throws his sunglasses at the camera ? it captures the fun of space. But really the film works best as the story of a bunch of guys trying to get back home (and it's apt that one of the craft was named Odyssey, as the journey has a lot in common with Homer's epic poem. And while that means that the film doesn't have a whole lot to say on an intellectual level, it works superbly on an emotional one.
Apollo 13 movie in hindi. Apollo 13 trailer. Lockeed martin: your mission is our mission Me: my mission watching hentai. Apollo 13 movie clips. Apollo 13 mai. Apollo 13 transcripts. When I was in 1st grade we were learning about space and my teacher said that Apollo 13 was a fictional story. The oxygen tanks exploded. Apollo 13 movie cast. Apollo 13 disaster. Apollo 13 breath. Apollo 13 views of the moon in 4k. Apollo 13 film. Apollo 13or. Greatest movie of all time, without a doubt. Apollo 13 deaths. Apollo 13 vpx. Oh hey look, it changed back to “we have” again. This is exact video has said “weve had” and “we have” multiple times back and forth. Mandela Effect is real guys. Can you watch 2001 (remastered) in 4k on YouTube or Amazon.
Won 2 Oscars. Another 26 wins & 58 nominations. See more awards ? Learn more More Like This Comedy | Drama Fantasy 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 7. 3 / 10 X After wishing to be made big, a teenage boy wakes the next morning to find himself mysteriously in the body of an adult. Director: Penny Marshall Stars: Tom Hanks, Elizabeth Perkins, Robert Loggia Adventure Romance 7. 8 / 10 A FedEx executive undergoes a physical and emotional transformation after crash landing on a deserted island. Robert Zemeckis Helen Hunt, Paul Sanchez 7. 7 / 10 When a man with HIV is fired by his law firm because of his condition, he hires a homophobic small time lawyer as the only willing advocate for a wrongful dismissal suit. Jonathan Demme Denzel Washington, Roberta Maxwell Biography Crime The true story of Captain Richard Phillips and the 2009 hijacking by Somali pirates of the U. S. -flagged MV Maersk Alabama, the first American cargo ship to be hijacked in two hundred years. Paul Greengrass Barkhad Abdi, Barkhad Abdirahman An Eastern European tourist unexpectedly finds himself stranded in JFK airport, and must take up temporary residence there. Steven Spielberg Catherine Zeta-Jones, Chi McBride Action Mystery Thriller 6. 6 / 10 A murder inside the Louvre, and clues in Da Vinci paintings, lead to the discovery of a religious mystery protected by a secret society for two thousand years, which could shake the foundations of Christianity. Ron Howard Audrey Tautou, Jean Reno 7. 4 / 10 The story of Chesley "Sully" Sullenberger (Tom Hanks), an American pilot who became a hero after landing his damaged plane on the Hudson River in order to save the flight's passengers and crew. Clint Eastwood Aaron Eckhart, Laura Linney 6. 7 / 10 Harvard symbologist Robert Langdon works with a nuclear physicist to solve a murder and prevent a terrorist act against the Vatican during one of the significant events within the church. Ewan McGregor, Ayelet Zurer History 7. 6 / 10 During the Cold War, an American lawyer is recruited to defend an arrested Soviet spy in court, and then help the CIA facilitate an exchange of the spy for the Soviet captured American U2 spy plane pilot, Francis Gary Powers. Mark Rylance, Alan Alda 6. 8 / 10 A recently widowed man's son calls a radio talk-show in an attempt to find his father a partner. Nora Ephron Meg Ryan, Ross Malinger 6. 2 / 10 A detective must adopt a rambunctious dog in order to help him find a killer. Roger Spottiswoode Mare Winningham, Craig T. Nelson A mob enforcer's son witnesses a murder, forcing him and his father to take to the road, and his father down a path of redemption and revenge. Sam Mendes Tyler Hoechlin, Rob Maxey Edit Storyline Based on the true story of the ill-fated 13th Apollo mission bound for the moon. Astronauts Lovell, Haise and Swigert were scheduled to fly Apollo 14, but are moved up to 13. It's 1970, and The US has already achieved their lunar landing goal, so there's little interest in this "routine" flight.. until that is, things go very wrong, and prospects of a safe return fade. Written by Rob Hartill Plot Summary Plot Synopsis Taglines: Houston, we have a problem. See more ? Details Release Date: 30 June 1995 (USA) Also Known As: Apollo 13: The IMAX Experience Box Office Budget: $52, 000, 000 (estimated) Opening Weekend USA: $25, 353, 380, 2 July 1995 Cumulative Worldwide Gross: $355, 237, 933 See more on IMDbPro ? Company Credits Technical Specs Runtime: 140 min 106 min (IMAX Version) See full technical specs ? Did You Know? Goofs Voices of news reporters outside of the Lovell home during the landing, are out of sync with the video (observed on the IMAX version). See more ? Quotes Marilyn Lovell: I can't deal with cleaning up. Let's sell the house. Alternate Versions The film's IMAX 70mm release presented the film open-matte, at an aspect ratio of 1. 66:1, meaning there was more picture information visible in the top and bottom of the frame than in normal theaters, during its initial run and on earlier home video releases, before the 10th Anniversary DVD. See more ? Soundtracks Groovin' Written by Felix Cavaliere, Edward Brigati (as Eddie Brigati) Performed by The Rascals Courtesy of Atlantic Recording Corp. by arrangement with Warner Special Products See more ? Frequently Asked Questions See more ?.
Apollo 13 crew. Its really sad theres people out there who deny this historic moment. Apollo 11 astronauts.

This was the biggest accomplishment of the the 1st moon landing with Apollo 11

Apollo 13 wiki. Came here after watching First Man. The difference between the two films in how essentially the same event was put on film is, astonishing. Apollo 13 astronauts. Apollo 13 movie netflix. Apollo 135. Apollo 13 shower. Apollo 13 strain.

Apollo 13 | NASA. Apollo 15. Lel, they had to reupholstered this video because of every comment being about the Mandela effect. Don't tell me I'm starting this again. Wait NOOOOOOOOOO. That was nerve-wracking! Way to stay calm, fellas. *raises glass. Apollo 13 streaming. And this movie's events never happened. Apollo 13 pictures. Apollo 13 cast. Apollo 13 dokument cz. Apollo 13 square peg in round hole.

A puff piece! Look how great we are at spending United States taxpayer dollars. Apollo 13 landing. Apollo 13 juillet. Apollo 13 Apollo 13's damaged service module, seen from the command module, as it was being jettisoned shortly before reentry Mission type Crewed lunar landing attempt ( H) Operator NASA COSPAR ID 1970-029A SATCAT no. 4371 [1] Mission duration 5?days, 22?hours, 54?minutes, 41?seconds [2] Spacecraft properties Spacecraft Apollo CSM -109 Apollo LM -7 Manufacturer CSM: North American Rockwell LM: Grumman Launch mass 45, 931 kilograms (101, 261?lb) [3] Landing mass 5, 050 kilograms (11, 133?lb) [4] Crew Crew size 3 Members James A. Lovell, Jr. John L. Swigert, Jr. Fred W. Haise, Jr. Callsign CM: Odyssey LM: Aquarius Start of mission Launch date April 11, 1970, 19:13:00 UTC Rocket Saturn V SA-508 Launch site Kennedy LC-39A End of mission Recovered by USS Iwo Jima Landing date April 17, 1970, 18:07:41 UTC Landing site South Pacific Ocean 21°38′24″S 165°21′42″W ? / ? 21. 64000°S 165. 36167°W Docking with LM Docking date April 11, 1970, 22:32:08?UTC Undocking date April 17, 1970, 16:43:00?UTC Lovell, Swigert, Haise Apollo program ← Apollo 12 Apollo 14 → Apollo 13 was the seventh crewed mission in the Apollo space program and the third meant to land on the Moon. The craft was launched from Kennedy Space Center on April 11, 1970, but the lunar landing was aborted after an oxygen tank in the service module (SM) failed two days into the mission. The crew instead looped around the Moon, and returned safely to Earth on April 17. The mission was commanded by Jim Lovell with Jack Swigert as command module (CM) pilot and Fred Haise as lunar module (LM) pilot. Swigert was a late replacement for Ken Mattingly, who was grounded after exposure to rubella. Accidental ignition of damaged wire insulation inside the oxygen tank as it was being routinely stirred caused an explosion that vented the tank's contents. Without oxygen, needed both for breathing and for generating electric power, the SM's propulsion and life support systems could not operate. The CM's systems had to be shut down to conserve its remaining resources for reentry, forcing the crew to transfer to the LM as a lifeboat. With the lunar landing canceled, mission controllers worked to bring the crew home alive. Although the LM was designed to support two men on the lunar surface for two days, Mission Control in Houston improvised new procedures so it could support three men for four days. The crew experienced great hardship caused by limited power, a chilly and wet cabin and a shortage of potable water. There was a critical need to adapt the CM's cartridges for the carbon dioxide removal system to work in the LM; the crew and mission controllers were successful in improvising a solution. The astronauts' peril briefly renewed interest in the Apollo program; tens of millions watched the splashdown in the South Pacific Ocean by television. An investigative review board found fault with preflight testing of the oxygen tank and the fact that Teflon was placed inside it. The board recommended changes, including minimizing the use of potentially combustible items inside the tank; this was done for Apollo 14. The story of Apollo?13 has been dramatized several times, most notably in the 1995 film Apollo?13. Background In 1961, U. S. President John F. Kennedy challenged his nation to land an astronaut on the Moon by the end of the decade, with a safe return to Earth. [5] NASA worked towards this goal incrementally, sending astronauts into space during Project Mercury and Project Gemini, leading up to the Apollo program. [6] The goal was achieved with Apollo 11, which landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin walked on the lunar surface while Michael Collins orbited the Moon in Command Module Columbia. The mission returned to Earth on July 24, 1969, fulfilling Kennedy's challenge. [5] NASA had contracted for fifteen Saturn?V rockets to achieve the goal; at the time no one knew how many missions this would require. [7] Since success was obtained in 1969 with the sixth Saturn V on Apollo?11, nine rockets remained available for a hoped-for total of ten landings. After the excitement of Apollo 11, the general public grew apathetic towards the space program and Congress continued to cut NASA's budget; Apollo 20 was canceled. [8] Despite the successful lunar landing, the missions were considered so risky that astronauts could not afford life insurance to provide for their families if they died in space. [note 1] [9] Mission Operations Control Room during the TV broadcast just before the Apollo?13 accident. Astronaut Fred Haise is shown on the screen. Even before the first U. astronaut entered space in 1961, planning for a centralized facility to communicate with the spacecraft and monitor its performance had begun, for the most part the brainchild of Christopher C. Kraft, who became NASA's first flight director. During John Glenn 's Mercury Friendship 7 flight in February 1962 (the first crewed orbital flight by the U. ), Kraft was overruled by NASA managers. He was vindicated by post-mission analysis, and implemented a rule that during the mission, the flight director's word was absolute [10] ?to overrule him, NASA would have to fire him on the spot. [11] Flight directors during Apollo had a one-sentence job description, "The flight director may take any actions necessary for crew safety and mission success. " [12] In 1965, Houston's Mission Control Center opened, in part designed by Kraft and now named for him. [10] In Mission Control, each flight controller, as well as monitoring telemetry from the spacecraft, was in communication via voice loop to specialists in a Staff Support Room (or "back room"), who focused on specific spacecraft systems. [11] Apollo 13 was to be the second H mission, meant to demonstrate precision lunar landings and explore specific sites on the Moon. [13] With Kennedy's goal accomplished by Apollo 11, and Apollo 12 demonstrating that the astronauts could perform a precision landing, mission planners were able to focus on more than just landing safely and having astronauts minimally trained in geology gather lunar samples to take home to Earth. There was a greater role for science on Apollo?13, especially for geology, something emphasized by the mission's motto, Ex luna, scientia (From the Moon, knowledge). [14] Astronauts and key Mission Control personnel Apollo?13's mission commander, Jim Lovell, was 42 years old at the time of the spaceflight, which was his fourth and last. He was a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and had been a naval aviator and test pilot before being selected for the second group of astronauts in 1962; he flew with Frank Borman in Gemini?7 in 1965 and Aldrin in Gemini?12 the following year before flying in Apollo 8 in 1968, the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. [15] Jack Swigert, the command module pilot (CMP), was 38?years old and held a B. in mechanical engineering and an M. in aerospace science; he had served in the Air Force and in state Air National Guards, and was an engineering test pilot before being selected for the fifth group of astronauts in 1966. [16] Fred Haise, the lunar module pilot (LMP), was 35 years old. He held a B. in aeronautical engineering, had been a Marine Corps fighter pilot, and was a civilian research pilot for NASA when he was selected as a Group 5 astronaut. [17] Apollo?13 was Swigert's and Haise's only spaceflight. [18] Swigert, Lovell and Haise the day before launch According to the standard Apollo crew rotation, the prime crew for Apollo?13 would have been the backup crew [note 2] for Apollo 10 with Mercury and Gemini veteran Gordon Cooper in command, Donn F. Eisele as CMP and Edgar Mitchell as LMP. Deke Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, never intended to rotate Cooper and Eisele to a prime crew assignment, as both were out of favor?? Cooper for his lax attitude towards training, and Eisele for incidents aboard Apollo 7 and an extramarital affair. He assigned them to the backup crew because no other veteran astronauts were available. [21] Slayton's original choices for Apollo?13 were Alan Shepard as commander, Stuart Roosa as CMP, and Mitchell as LMP. However, management felt Shepard needed more training time, as he had only recently resumed active status after surgery for an inner ear disorder, and had not flown since 1961. Thus Lovell's crew (himself, Haise and Ken Mattingly) having all backed up Apollo 11 and slated for Apollo 14, was swapped with Shepard's. [21] Swigert was originally CMP of Apollo?13's backup crew, with John Young as commander and Charles Duke as lunar module pilot. [22] Seven days before launch, Duke contracted rubella from a friend of his son. [23] This exposed both the prime and backup crews, who trained together. Of the five, only Mattingly was not immune through prior exposure. Normally, if any member of the prime crew had to be grounded, the remaining crew would be replaced as well, and the backup crew substituted, but Duke's illness ruled this out, [24] so two days before launch, Mattingly was replaced by Swigert. [16] Mattingly never developed rubella and later flew on Apollo 16. [25] For Apollo, a third crew of astronauts, known as the support crew, was designated in addition to the prime and backup crews used on projects Mercury and Gemini. Slayton created the support crews because James McDivitt, who would command Apollo 9, believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the US, meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander. [26] Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight plan, and checklists, and kept them updated; [27] [28] for Apollo?13, they were Vance D. Brand, Jack Lousma and either William R. Pogue or Joseph Kerwin. [note 3] [33] For Apollo?13, fligh
Apollo 13 csfd. Apollo 13 avril. Apollo 13 explosion. Oh I was really pumped up to go find a solution. but then you said failure isn't an option, so I guess I'll go take a nap. Beautiful and inspiring piece. Apollo 13 ending.

  1. Correspondent - Piotr B Lotr

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