Sharon Kennedy

7:00 The Attitude Control Monitor Is Going Crazy Me: What The Spaceship Getting Bullied Or Something. Apollo 11 astronauts. Apollo 13 was a mission that tested NASA and its astronauts to the hilt. It was the thirtheenth scheduled lunar space exploration mission, scheduled for liftoff at the thirtheenth minute after the thirteenth hour. It was supposed to travel to the Moon, and three astronauts would attempt a lunar landing on the thirteenth day of the month. All it lacked was a Friday to be a paraskevidekatriaphobe’s worst nightmare. Unfortunately, no one at NASA was superstitious. Or, perhaps, fortunately. If anyone had stopped or made changes to the schedule of Apollo 13, the world would have missed one of the scariest adventures in space exploration history. Luckily, it ended well, but it took every bit of brainpower among the astronauts and the mission controllers to make it work. Key Takeaways: Apollo 13 The Apollo 13 explosion was a result of faulty electrical wiring, which lowered the crew's supply of oxygen. The crew devised a workaround for their oxygen supply based on instructions from mission controllers, who had an inventory of materials onboard the ship that could be used for the fix. Problems Began Before Launch Apollo 13 faced problems even before its launch. Just days before liftoff, astronaut Ken Mattingly was replaced by Jack Swigert when Mattingly was exposed to German measles. There were also some technical issues that should have raised eyebrows. Shortly before launch, a technician noticed a higher pressure on a helium tank than expected. Nothing was done about it besides keeping a close watch. In addition, a vent for liquid oxygen would not close at first and required several recyclings before it would shut properly. The launch, itself, went according to plan, although it went off an hour late. Shortly afterward, though, the center engine of the second stage cut off more than two minutes early. In order to compensate, controllers burned the other four engines an additional 34 seconds. Then, the third stage engine ired for an extra nine seconds during its orbital insertion burn. Fortunately, this all resulted in a mere 1. 2 feet per second greater speed than planned. Despite these problems, the flight went ahead and things seemed to go smoothly. Smooth Flight, No One Watching As Apollo 13 entered the Lunar corridor, the command service module (CSM) separated from the third stage and maneuvered around to extract the lunar module. That was the portion of the spacecraft that would take the astronauts to the Moon. Once this was completed, the third stage was driven out along a collision course with the Moon. The resulting impact was to be measured by equipment left behind by Apollo 12. The command service and lunar modules were then on "free return" trajectory. In case of complete engine loss, this meant the craft would slingshot around the moon and be on course?for a return to Earth. Pictures of Apollo 13 Mission - The Actual Apollo 13 Prime Crew. NASA Headquarters - GReatest Images of NASA (NASA-HQ-GRIN) The evening of April 13, the crew of Apollo 13 had to do a television broadcast explaining their mission and about life aboard the ship. It went well, and Commander Jim Lovell closed the broadcast with this message, "This is the crew of Apollo 13. Wish everybody there a nice evening and a, we're just about to close out our inspection of Aquarius and get back to a pleasant evening in Odyssey. Goodnight. " Unknown to the astronauts, the television networks had decided that traveling to the Moon was such a routine occurrence that none of them broadcast the news conference. Routine Task Goes Awry After completing the broadcast, flight control sent another message, "13, we got one more item for you when you get a chance. We'd like you to err, stir up your cryo tanks. In addition, have a shaft and trunnion, for a look at the Comet Bennett if you need it. " Astronaut Jack Swigert replied, "OK, stand by. " Fighting to Survive on a Dying Ship Moments later, disaster struck. It was three days into the mission, and suddenly everything changed from "routine" to a race for survival. First, technicians in Houston noticed unusual readings on their instruments and were starting to talk amongst themselves and to the crew of Apollo 13. Suddenly, Jim Lovell’s calm voice broke through the hubbub. "Ahh, Houston, we've had a problem. We've had a main B bus undervolt. " This Is No Joke What happened? It took a while to figure out, but here's a rough timeline. Immediately after attempting to follow flight control's last order to stir the cryo tanks, astronaut Jack Swigert heard a loud bang and felt a shudder throughout the ship. Command module (CM) pilot Fred Haise, who was still down in Aquarius after the television broadcast, and mission commander, Jim Lovell, who was in between, gathering cables up, both heard the sound. At first, they thought it was a practical joke previously played by Fred Haise. It turned out to be anything but a joke. A view of the damaged Apollo 13 service module after it separated from the rest of the spacecraft. NASA Seeing the expression on Jack Swigert’s face, Jim Lovell knew immediately that there was a real problem and hurried into the CSM to join his lunar module pilot. Things did not look good. Alarms were going off as voltage levels of the main power supplies were dropping rapidly. If power was completely lost, the ship had a battery backup, which would last for about ten hours. Unfortunately Apollo 13 was 87 hours from home. Looking out a port, the astronauts saw something that gave them another concern. "You know, that's, that's a significant G&C. It looks to me looking out the ahh, hatch that we are venting something, " someone said. "We are, we are venting something out the, into the ahh, into space. " From Lost Landing to Struggle for Life A momentary hush fell over the Flight Control Center in Houston as this new information sank in. Then, a flurry of activity began as everybody conferred. Time was critical. As several suggestions for correcting the dropping voltage were raised and tried unsuccessfully, it quickly became apparent that the electrical system could not be saved. Mission Control in Houston, where ground technical personnel worked with the astronauts to devise fixes to their spacecraft to bring them home safely. Commander Jim Lovell’s concern continued to rise. "It went from 'I wonder what this is gonna to do to the landing' to 'I wonder if we can get back home again, '" he later recalled. The technicians in Houston were having the same concerns. The only chance they had of saving the crew of Apollo 13 was to shut down the CM entirely to save their batteries for reentry. This would require the use of Aquarius, the lunar module as a lifeboat. A module equipped for two men for two days of travel would have to sustain three men for four long days in a scramble around the Moon and back to Earth. The men quickly powered down all the systems inside Odyssey, scrambled down the tunnel and climbed into Aquarius. They hoped it would be their lifeboat and not their tomb. The Aquarius capsule shown after separation. It was where the astronauts huddled for safety during the trip back to Earth after the explosion. A Cold and Frightening Journey There were two problems to be solved to keep the astronauts alive: first, getting the ship and crew on the fastest route home and second, conserving consumables, power, oxygen, and water. However, sometimes one component interfered with the other. Mission control and the astronauts had to figure out a way to make them all work. As an example, the guidance platform needed to be aligned. (The venting substance had played havoc with the ship's attitude. ) However, powering up the guidance platform was a heavy drain on their limited power supply. The conservation of consumables had already begun when they shut down the command module. For most of the rest of the flight, it would only be used as a bedroom. Later, they powered down all of the systems in the lunar module except those required for life support, communications, and environmental control. Next, using precious power they could not afford to waste, the guidance platform was powered up and aligned. Mission control ordered an engine burn that added 38 feet per second to their velocity and put them on a free-return trajectory. Normally this would be a fairly simple procedure. Not this time, however. The descent engines on the LM were to be used instead of the CM’s SPS and the center of gravity had changed completely. At this point in time, had they done nothing, the astronauts' trajectory would have returned them to Earth approximately 153 hours after launch. A quick calculation of consumables gave them less than an hour of consumables to spare. This margin was far too close for comfort. After a great deal of calculating and simulating at Mission Control here on Earth, it was determined that the lunar module’s engines could handle the required burn. So, the descent engines were fired sufficiently to boost their speed up another 860 fps, thus cutting their total flight time to 143 hours. Chilling Out Aboard Apollo 13 One of the worst problems for the crew during that return flight was the cold. Without power in the command module, there were no heaters. The temperature dropped to around 38 degrees F and the crew stopped using it for their sleep breaks. Instead, they jury-rigged beds in the warmer lunar module, although it was only slightly warmer. The cold kept the crew from resting well and Mission Control became concerned that the resulting fatigue could keep them from functioning properly. Another concern was their oxygen supply. As the crew breathed normally, they would exhale carbon dioxide. Normally, oxygen-scrubbing apparatus would cleanse the air, but the system in Aquarius wasn’t designed for this load, there was an insufficient number of filters for the system. T
Apollo 13 power up. Apollo 13 houston we have a problem. Mission Overview Mission Plan Apollo 13 was the thirteenth in a series of missions using Apollo-specification flight hardware and was to be the third lunar landing. The launch vehicle and spacecraft were similar to those of Apollo 12. There were some differences in the makeup of the ALSEP. Mission Event List and Timeline EVENT ? DATE & TIME (EST) ? MISSION TIME Launch ? April 11? ? 02:13:00 p. m. 00:00:00 Earth orbit insertion ? 02:25:40 p. m. 00:12:40 Translunar injection ? 04:54:47 p. m. 02:41:47 LO2 tank anomaly ? April 13? ? 10:07:53 p. m. 55:54:53 Trans-Earth injection ? April 14? ? 09:40:39 p. m. 79:27:39 Splashdown ? April 17? ? 01:07:41 p. m. 142:54:41 The space vehicle was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, at 2:13:00 p. m. EST on April 11, 1970. During the launch, the second-stage inboard engine shut down early because of high-amplitude longitudinal oscillations; however, near-nominal trajectory parameters were achieved at orbital insertion. The Earth-orbital and translunar injection phases went as planned. Spacecraft The configuration of the Apollo 13 spacecraft was nearly identical to that of Apollo 12. The structure of the command module was reinforced to accommodate higher parachute loads due to increased weight. On the lunar module, the modularized equipment storage assembly (MESA) was modified to simplify the deployment operation. Also, a heat-flow experiment and a charged particle environment detector replaced the solar wind spectrometer, magnetometer, and suprathermal ion detector experiments in the ALSEP. The Apollo 13 spacecraft was made up of the same components as all Apollo landing missions, consisting of the two-part Command/Service Module Odyssey and the two-part Lunar Module Aquarius. As the result of the accident, however, none of these components was used in precisely the way they were originally intended. The Service Module On the Apollo spacecraft, the Service Module (SM) was intended to provide most of the consumables such as oxygen, water, and power for the mission. It was also designed to serve as the primary propulsion and maneuvering system of the spacecraft. The explosion of the oxygen tank however, led to the loss of the consumables and rendered the service module nonfunctional. The SM was retained until just before reentry to protect the command module heat shield from the possible degrading effects of long exposure to the cold of space. The Command Module Normally, the Command Module (CM), which was equipped with couches, served as the crew compartment and control center. Able to accommodate all three astronauts, the CM was also designed for reentry. Although the command module had sufficient power and consumables for a reentry, the service module provided these necessities during the rest of the mission. The command module had to be "powered down" after the accident to avoid depleting its systems and rendering it incapable of performing the reentry operation. The Lunar Module The Lunar Module (LM) was designed to be used only for making the landing on the Moon and providing an operating base and living quarters while on the surface. On this mission, however, it acted as a "lifeboat. " With its separate systems for power and consumables, it allowed the crew to preserve the command module supplies for reentry operations. Also, as the service module could no longer provide propulsion, the LM descent engine was used to perform the maneuvers necessary to alter the spacecraft trajectory for the return to the Earth. The Crew James A. Lovell, Mission Commander, was born March 25, 1928, in Cleveland, Ohio. He received a bachelor of science degree from the U. S. Naval Academy (1952) and was chosen with the second group of astronauts in 1962. He was back-up pilot for Gemini 4, pilot of Gemini 7, back-up command pilot for Gemini 9, command pilot for Gemini 12, command module pilot of Apollo 8, back-up commander for Apollo 11, and commander of Apollo 13. In May 1971, he became Deputy Director of Science and Applications at the Johnson Space Center. He retired from NASA and the Navy in March 1973. John L. Swigert, Jr., Command Module Pilot, was born August 30, 1931 in Denver, Colorado. He received a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Colorado (1953), a master of science in aerospace science from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1965), and a master of science in business administration from the University of Hartford (1967). He was chosen in the fifth group of astronauts in 1966. He was scheduled to be the back-up command module pilot for Apollo 13 but was moved to the prime crew 72 hours before the launch in place of Ken Mattingly who had been exposed to measles. Swigert took a leave of absence from NASA in April 1973 to become Executive Director of the Committee on Science and Technology, U. House of Representatives. He resigned from NASA and the committee in August 1977. Fred W. Haise, Lunar Module Pilot, was born November 14, 1933, in Biloxi, Mississippi. He received a bachelor of science degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Oklahoma (1959) and was chosen in the fifth group of astronauts in 1966. He was back-up lunar pilot for Apollo 8 and Apollo 11, lunar module pilot for Apollo 13, and backup commander for Apollo 16. He was commander of one of the crews who flew shuttle approach and landing tests and had been selected as commander of one of the shuttle orbital flight tests but resigned from NASA in June 1979. Back-up crew for this mission were John W. Young (back-up mission commander), Ken Mattingly (back-up command module pilot), and Charles M. Duke (back-up lunar module pilot). Ken Mattingly was removed from the crew two days before launch because he had been exposed to German measles. Reentry required the unusual step of undocking the lunar module, which had been retained for the flight back to Earth, in addition to the separation of the damaged service module. The lunar module had remained attached to the spacecraft to preserve the maximum electrical power in the command module for entry. The reentry was similar to previous flights and landing occurred at 142:54:41 at 21°38'24"S latitude and 165°21'42"W longitude. The landing was within sight of the recovery ship, Iwo Jima, and the crew were on board within 45 minutes. None of the primary misson objectives was accomplished. The mission was aborted after nearly 56 hours of flight due to the loss of service module cryogenic oxygen and consequent loss of capability to generate electricity or to provide oxygen or water. Two secondary objectives related to the impact of the S-IVB stage on the Moon, two scientific experiments not related to the ALSEP, and some photography were accomplished, however. Mission Activities Intended as the third lunar landing mission, Apollo 13 had a full roster of activities scheduled in addition to lunar surface activities (experiments, sampling, etc. ) and photography. After the accident, virtually all activities were related to returning quickly and safely to Earth. For more information: Apollo 13 Mission (NSSDC) Apollo 13 Mission (KSC) Apollo 13 Mission (NASM) Apollo 13 Mission (VSS).
Apolo 13 en español. Apolo 135. Apollo 13 historia. I am going to be an aerospace engineer and I LOVE F-18s for some reason! I also LOVE space. Apolo 130. The bravery and calmness of astronauts under pressure is awesome. Great doco, very inspiring. Perfect example of CGI and practical effects being used together. These are the films that tend to age pretty well. Apollo 13 is 23 years old and still looks pretty darn good. Apollo 13 online. Apollo 13 imdb. Apollo 13 pelicula completa en espanol latino. Apollo 13 movie netflix. Is this how the thunderbirds were assembled. The best movie of the 20th century. Apollo 13 online cz. Apolo 13 en ligne depuis.
Apollo 11 coins. Apollo 13 vpx. Fast Facts: Apollo 13 Apollo 13's mission was to explore the hilly upland Fra Mauro region of the Moon. This was not to be. When an oxygen tank aboard the service module exploded, it ended hopes of a lunar landing. However, the astronauts flew to the Moon and returned to Earth without loss of life, thanks in part to the competence of the crew and the ingenuity of support teams on the ground. Mission commander Jim Lovell (who also was aboard Apollo 8) became the first human being to travel to the Moon and back twice. Nation United States Objective(s) Lunar landing Spacecraft Command and Service Modules (CSM): Odyssey Lunar Module (LM): Aquarius Crew James A. Lovell, Jr. (1928-) John "Jack" Swigert, Jr. (1931-1982) Fred Haise, Jr. (1933-) Spacecraft Mass 63, 813 pounds (28, 945 kilograms) Mission Design and Management NASA Launch Date and Time Apr. 11, 1970 / 19:13 UTC Launch Vehicle Saturn V Launch Site Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA | Launch Complex 39A Scientific Instruments Photographic studies. Because the mission was aborted, photographic coverage included only a limited portion of the lunar surface and photographs of mission operational activities. Window Meteoroids Detector Firsts First and only Apollo mission to be aborted mid-flight. Key Dates Launch: April 11, 1970 Lunar Swingby: April 15, 1970 Recovery on Earth: April 17, 1970 Results “Our mission was a failure, ” wrote Apollo 13 commander James Lovell, “but I like to think it was a successful failure. ” The spacecraft was launched on April 11, 1970, and for two days it looked like the smoothest flight of the Apollo program. Mission Control radioed to the astronauts, “We’re bored to tears down here. ” But about 56 hours into the flight, some 200, 000 miles (about 322, 000 kilometers) from Earth, one of the two oxygen tanks aboard the service module exploded, causing the other tank to fail as well. The blast blew off a side of the module and the astronauts lost vital stores of not only oxygen, but also water, propellant and electrical power. In fact, too little power remained to position the service module’s rocket engine for an immediate return to Earth. Astonaut Jack Swigert radioed to mission control, “Houston, we’ve had a problem here. ” This view of the severely damaged Apollo 13 Service Module was photographed from the Lunar Module/Command Module following the jettison of the Service Module. As seen here, an entire panel of the Service Module was blown away by the apparent explosion of oxygen tank number two located in Sector 4 of the Service Module. Image credit: NASA Fortunately, there was plenty of reserve oxygen aboard the lunar module, which served as a lifeboat for the astronauts. But they had to take dramatic steps to conserve water and power. “We cut down to six ounces (of water) each per day, a fifth of normal intake, and used fruit juices; we ate hot dogs and other wet-pack foods when we ate at all, ” Lovell wrote. They all became dehydrated and the crew lost a total of 31. 5 pounds (14. 3 kilograms). “Sleep was almost impossible because of the cold, ” Lovell wrote. “When we turned off the electrical systems, we lost our source of heat, and the Sun streaming in the windows didn't much help. We were as cold as frogs in a frozen pool, especially Jack Swigert, who got his feet wet and didn't have lunar overshoes. It wasn't simply that the temperature dropped to 38 F: the sight of perspiring walls and wet windows made it seem even colder. ” But there was an even bigger problem. The carbon dioxide exhaled with every breath needed to be scrubbed from the atmosphere by lithium hydroxide canisters or the astronauts would suffocate. But the lunar module into which they had moved had only enough of the chemical to support two men for two days, and they needed enough to support three men for four days. There was more in the abandoned command module, but the square canisters from the command module (CM) would not fit the round openings in the lunar module (LM). “We would have died of the exhaust from our own lungs if Mission Control hadn't come up with a marvelous fix, ” Lovell wrote. “They had thought up a way to attach a CM canister to the LM system by using plastic bags, cardboard, and tape -- all materials we had on board. Jack and I put it together: just like building a model airplane. ” The remaining problem was how to return to Earth. They were able to use the lunar module’s engine to change their trajectory from one that would put them into lunar orbit to one that would take them around the Moon and back to Earth. But they needed to fire the engine a second time two hours after rounding the Moon to increase their return speed -- and the spacecraft had to be carefully aligned during the burn. Normally, the astronauts would verify the guidance platform’s alignment by sighting a star through the Alignment Optical Telescope. But these weren’t normal times. “Traveling with us was a swarm of debris from the ruptured service module, ” Lovell wrote. “The sunlight glinting on these bits of junk -- I called them false stars -- made it impossible to sight a real star. A genius in Mission Control came up with the idea of using the Sun to check the accuracy of our alignment. No amount of debris could blot out that star! Its large diameter could result in considerable error, but nobody had a better plan. I rotated the spacecraft to the attitude Houston had requested. If our alignment was accurate, the Sun would be centered in the sextant. ” The alignment proved to be less than half a degree off, which was good enough. I remember the exhilaration running through me: My God, that's kind of the last hurdle ? if we can do that, I know we can make it. Lovell says he was told that the “cheer of the year” went up in Mission Control. He reports that Flight Director Gerald Griffin (whom Lovell describes as “a man not easily shaken”) recalled, “Some years later I went back to the log and looked up that mission. My writing was almost illegible I was so damned nervous. And I remember the exhilaration running through me: My God, that's kind of the last hurdle -- if we can do that, I know we can make it. ” The lunar-module lifeboat could not survive re-entry into Earth’s atmosphere, so the astronauts had to move back into the command module for the final part of their flight. “The walls, ceiling, floor, wire harnesses, and panels were all covered with droplets of water, ” Lovell wrote. “We suspected conditions were the same behind the panels. The chances of short circuits caused us apprehension, to say the least. But thanks to the safeguards built into the command module after the disastrous fire in January 1967, no arcing took place. ” Four hours before landing, they jettisoned the service module, which had been protecting the heat shield that would keep the command module and astronauts from burning up as they sped down through the atmosphere. “I’m glad we weren’t able to see the SM earlier, ” Lovell wrote. “With one whole panel missing, and wreckage hanging out, it was a sorry mess as it drifted away. ” Three hours later, they detached the lunar module and plummeted through the atmosphere. Lovell reports that “it rained inside the CM” as the capsule’s deceleration jarred the water droplets from the surfaces on which they had condensed. Apollo 13 splashed down in the Pacific Ocean on April 17, 1970 at 18:07:41 UT after a mission elapsed time of 142 hours, 54 minutes, 41 seconds. The splashdown point was southeast of American Samoa, some 4 miles (6. 5 kilometers) from the recovery ship USS Iwo Jima. All three crew members survived. Command module Odyssey is now at the Kansas Cosmosphere and Space Center in Hutchinson, Kansas. Lunar Module Aquarius is presumed to have burned up in Earth’s atmosphere. Any surviving parts would have splashed down in the Pacific Ocean northeast of New Zealand. Additional Resources NASA: Apollo 13 NASA: Apollo NASA History Program Office: The Apollo Program Apollo Lunar Surface Journal Apollo Flight Journal Apollo Expeditions to the Moon Where No Man Has Gone Before: A History of Apollo Lunar Exploration Missions Lunar and Planetary Institute: Apollo Missions Apollo: Where Are They Now? NASA Astronaut Biographies: Former Astronauts.
Apollo 13 trailer. Apolo 132. Apollo 13 movie in hindi. Apollo 13 quotes. Thursday, March 12th 2015. | History Facts about Apollo 13 remind people with the danger of working in space.? Many people want to become an astronaut. But it can be a matter of life and death if you check out the facts during Apollo 13 mission. Odyssey was the name of the command and service module, while Aquarius was the name of the lunar module. Check out more facts about Apollo 13 by reading the following post below: Facts about Apollo 13 1: the crew Let’s find out the crew of Apollo 13. The commander was James A. Lovell. The command module pilot was John L. Swigert. The lunar module pilot was Fred W. Haise. Facts about Apollo 13 2: the launch This Apollo 13 mission was launched at Pad 39A on 11 April 1970 at 2:13 pm EST. The landing site for this mission was intended to be Fra Mauro. Do you know that it became the landing site of Apollo 14 mission? Find out facts about Apollo 11 here. Apollo 13 Crew Facts about Apollo 13 3: return to earth This mission was dangerous. On 17 April 1970, the spacecraft returned to earth.? At 18:07 UT or 1:07:41 pm EST, the spacecraft splashed down. Facts about Apollo 13 4: the record Apollo 13 was the first aborted Apollo Mission in the history. This mission lasted for 142 hours 54 minutes and 41 seconds. Facts about Apollo 13 Facts about Apollo 13 5: the loss of service The crew had the loss of service on the module system. Therefore, they used the lunar module to give the life support and emergency propulsion. Facts about Apollo 13 6: the seventh manned mission Apollo 13 was the seventh manned mission in Apollo program.? It was the third mission hoped to land on moon. Apollo 13 Facts about Apollo 13 7: the launching The spacecraft of Apollo 13 was launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on 11 April 1970 at 13:13 CST. However, two days later, an oxygen tank exploded. Thus, the lunar landing should be aborted. Facts about Apollo 13 8: return to earth Even though this mission was very hard due to the shortage of potable power, loss of cabin heat, and limited of power, the crew could travel to earth on 17 April 1970 safely. Apollo 13 Facts Facts about Apollo 13 9: Lovell Lovell was the commander in this mission. He was an experienced astronaut. He had completed 572 spaceflight hours. There is no need to wonder that he is one of the most traveled astronauts in the world. Facts about Apollo 13 10: the heat As I have stated before, Apollo 13 had a little heat. The temperature of the cabin decreased rapidly. Apollo 13 Mission Are you interested reading facts about Apollo 13? tags: Apollo 13, Facts about Apollo 13.
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