Mary Turner

Scenery: GO ! Picture : GO ! Dialogues : GO ! Music : GO ! All set for a perfect launch scene. I got teary-eyed from this. Holy cow man. This is just so emotional and to think these dudes lived through this. I'm so amazed by the level of skill and grit. This is the movie I point to when I hear some idiot say that you have to "spice up" history to make a good movie out of it: one tiny explosion, no deaths, no bad guys, and everyone in the theater knows the ending before the movie started. yet it's still a GREAT MOVIE. Met Fred Haise a few years back. I work at a Honda dealership and he brought his vehicle in for an oil change. Wouldn't you know, he drives an Odyssey? Was so cool to meet him. One of the few times Movieclips didn't cut off the line.
He did yes. Apollo 13 movie summary. 2:16:24. Did I see an implosion happen they barely show it but it's there. When America really was great, and I am a Brit. Actual launch footage of the Saturn 5 rocket is more spectacular than what's shown here. This honestly has to be the most spectacular space launch scene in any movie by a huge margin. Incredible cinematography and special effects, I'd love to see a behind-the-scenes on these shots. Ron Howard cut no corners in making this film, while other movies with zero-g scenes use wires and stuff he used the Vomit Comet to have real legitimate zero g. For launch scenes, Armageddon comes in second, that launch was pretty well done even if the rest of the movie was very stupid. People often mention Interstellar, but there isn't much seen in that launch scene at all.
Failure to accurately depict actual events is an option. Love it. Apollo 13 mission astronauts. Apollo 13 commander. Apollo 13 date. What are they referring to when Houston asks for Omni Bravo/Charlie? I assume it has to do with the omni-directional antennas. Apollo 13 movie in hindi. By William Broyles Jr. and Al Reinert. Based on the book "Lost Moon: The Perilous Voyage of Apollo 13" by Jim Lovell. Transcript. More info about this movie on FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY TITLE: APOLLO 1 PRE-LAUNCH TEST - CAPE KENNEDY, FLORDIA - JANUARY 27, 1967 MAN'S VOICE (on comm) - Flight. We have the crew crossing gantry for capsule ingress. 2ND MAN'S VOICE (on comm) - Roger that. WALTER CRONKITE (voice over) - Inspired by the late President Kennedy, in only seven years America has risen to the challenge of what he called the most hazardous and dangerous and greatest adventure on which man has ever embarked. After trailing the Russians for years with our manned space program... [CRONKITE continues over ASTRONAUT] ASTRONAUT - We got a short. - Fire in the spacecraft. SATURN TEST CONDUCTOR (STC) (garbled - lost under CRONKITE) -.. - Get us outta here! WALTER CRONKITE (voice over).. after that sudden horrible fire on the launch pad during a routine test that killed American astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White, and Roger Chaffee, there were serious doubts that we could beat the Russians to the Moon. But tonight a mere eighteen months after the tragedy of Apollo 1, the entire world watched in awe as Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landing on the Moon. [Here is how the movie departs from the actual mission: The fatal launch pad fire occurred on January 27, 1967, and the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. Both dates are displayed correctly onscreen, yet Walter Cronkite's opening narration says only 18 months elapsed between them. ] EXT. HOUSTON SUBRUBAN STREET - NIGHT JIM LOVELL is driving his red Corvette next to him in the front seat sits a box. departs from the actual mission: Jim Lovell's Corvette was actually blue. ] JULY 20, 1969 - HOUSTON, TEXAS WALTER CRONKITE (on TV) - A big good news came just a moment ago. Mission Control gave the spacecraft permission to go for the extravehicular activity, that is for the walk on the Moon far earlier than anticipated - 9 p. m. Eastern daylight time... INT. LOVELL HOME - LIVING ROOM - NIGHT An Apollo-11 moon landing party is going on inside the Lovell home. JACK SWIGERT -.. the important thing when you're penetrating the lunar module is your attitude and your relative speed. Now let's say this is me here in the command module and this is you... TRACEY - All right. -.. the LM. This thing sticks out here in front; that's called a probe. - Is that true? - Absolutely. And, Tracey, I'll tell you, when you feel that thing slide in, everything's clickin'. It's like no other feeling in the world. The entrance door opens and PETE CONRAD and JIM LOVELL step in, JIM LOVELL is carrying a carton of Champagne under one arm. departs from the actual mission: Jim Lovell, Jack Swigert, and Fred Haise were all in the MOCR during the Apollo 11 moon landing. ] PETE CONRAD - A little liquid propulsion! JIM LOVELL - What's the big occasion?! - Hey, How's it going over there at Mission Control? - It's a nervous time, they're pacing around, smoking like chimneys, Gene Kranz is gonna have puppies. (turning to Tracey) Jim Lovell. - Hi. - This is Tracey. - How do you do, Tracey? - This... This is the man. Gemini 7. Gemini 12. Apollo 8. They... - Stop it, Swigert. -... were the first ones around the Moon. This guy did 10 laps. - With one hand on the wheel. You, guys, make yourselves at home. Hey, Marilyn! JIM LOVELL makes his way through the guests and to the kitchen. MARILYN LOVELL - Jim, where have you been? - This is the last Champagne in the city of Houston! - Very good. Good, good. - Everything else all right? - Everything's on course! - Looks okay... Hey, Cadet Lovell! JAY LOVELL - Hey, Dad! - Put this on ice in the back with the rest and make sure it gets cold. You gonna get a haircut this summer? - I'm on vacation. - Oooh, get a haircut. ["NIGHT TRAIN" performed by James Brown plays in the background] WOMAN (in background) - Well, hello there. INT. LOVELL HOUSE - DEN KEN MATTINGLY and FRED HAISE are looking at a number of awards and pictures hung on the walls of the den of Apollo-8's mission. KEN MATTINGLY - I wouldn't mind being up there tonight. FRED HAISE - God, who wouldn't? Don't worry. Our day's coming. They're not gonna cut the program before number fourteen. - You know, my cousin called... - Uh-Huh. -... asked who we'd bribed to get on Jim Lovell's crew. - Yeah? - I just told him: "They wanted to make sure he got the best! " - Well, they got that right. INT. LOVELL HOUSE - LIVING ROOM The guests begin to gather around the color television in the living room. JOHN YOUNG - What network do we want? EVERYBODY - Walter! Come on, put on Walter! Jules Bergman! John. John, turn it up! Turn it up -.. completed putting on their spacesuits and the boots, and they're now donning their... Everybody has turned their attention to the news telecast, except PETE CONRAD who stands up in front of the TV and begins to address the partygoers. - Everybody! I... I really appreciate you all coming to this dress rehearsal party for my Apollo 12 landing! - Sit down, Conrad! - Ah, I think we should all take a moment to... to recognize the exemplary... near, heroic effort displayed by Neil Armstrong's back-up for this historic moon walk, and, of course, his crew... Let's hear for... let's hear for Jim Lovell, Ken Mattingly and Fred Haise! The room fills with cheers and applause. - There he is! There he is! Everybody quiet down! There he is! There he is! - Hey! Kids! The room quites down as everybody is focused on the fuzzy black-and-white TV image of the LM's ladder. BUZZ ALDRIN (on TV) - You got a good picture, huh? - Okay. Will you verify the position - the opening - I ought to have on the camera? NEIL ARMSTRONG (on TV) - What? CONRAD tries to break the tension. - Jim, do you think it's too late for him to abort? - No, no. He still has time to get out. He just needs somebody to wave him off. JIM LOVELL and PETE CONRAD - Pull up now Neil! Pull up now! Pull up! - Shhh! The room quiets down as their attention is once again focused on the TV images. JIM LOVELL is watching intensely as he imagines what it must be like to step on the lunar surface. The only sound that can be heard is that which is coming from the television. BRUCE McCANDLESS (CAPCOM for APOLLO 11) (on TV) - Okay, Neil, we can see you coming down the ladder now. - Okay. - Boy, look at those pictures. Wow! - I'm at the foot of the ladder. The LM footpads are only depressed in the surface about one or two inches. It's almost like a powder. - Armstrong is on the Moon. Neil Armstrong... -... I'm gonna step off the LM now... -... 38 year-old American, standing on the surface of the Moon, on this July 20th, nineteen-hundred and sixty-nine. - That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind. - His quote was:... - I only go in a small fraction of an inch, maybe an eighth of an inch, but I can see... WALTER CRONKITE (over ARMSTRONG on TV) -... "That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind! " EXT. LOVELL HOUSE - BACK YARD - NIGHT Looking up at the Moon, JIM LOVELL tries blocking the Moon with his thumb, which entirely covers the Moon. departs from the actual mission: The night of the Apollo 11 landing the moon was actually a waning crescent. And the moon set at 11:54 pm CDT Houston time, before the moonwalk was completed. So Lovell's scene where he holds his thumb up had to happen well before the moonwalk. ] ["BEYOND THE SEA'" performed by Bobby Darin plays in the background] MARILYN LOVELL state's the obvious. - You're drunk, Lovell. - Yeah, I'm not used to the Champagne. - Me neither. I can't deal with cleaning up. Let's sell the house. - All right. Let's sell the house. They're back inside now, looking up at us. Ain't that something? - I bet Jenny Armstrong doesn't get a wink of sleep tonight. Ah, when you were on the far side on Eight, I didn't sleep at all. I just vacuumed over and over again. - Christopher Columbus, Charles Lindbergh and Neil Armstrong. Neil Armstrong. From now on we'll live in the world when man has walked on the Moon. It's not a miracle. We just decided to go. Apollo 8 - we were so close. Just sixty nautical miles down and... Mmm. It was like just step out, and walk on the face of it. I wanna go back there. - Where's my mountain? ["GROOVIN'" performed by The Young Rascals plays in the background] - Well, it... It's right up by the... you see, okay... you see the... where the shadow crosses the white area there? That's the Sea Tranquillity. And your mountain's right there on the edge of that. Your mountain. Your mountain, Marilyn. Mountain Marilyn. - I don't see it. - Well, you gotta look harder... you look... While, I... MARILYN LOVELL is sitting in a lounge as JIM LOVELL starts to kiss her on her neck. - Jim... Jim... EXT. VEHICLE ASSEMBLY BUILDING - DAY The camera flies over the top of the VAB and stops on the open hangar door with a partially stacked Saturn booster sitting on the MLP. TITLE:VEHICLE ASSEMBLY BUILDING - CAPE KENNEDY, FLORDIA - OCTOBER 30, 1969 departs from the actual mission: The VAB was known as the Vertical Assembly Building until the Space Shuttle era when it became the Vehicle Assembly Building. ] - The astronaut is only the most visible member of a very large team. And all of us, right down to the guys sweeping the floor are honored to be a part of it. What did the man say? - "Give me a lever long enough, and I'll move the world". Well, that's exactly what we're doing here. This is divine inspiration, folks. It's the best part of each one of us to believe that anything is possible. Things like a computer that can fit into a single room and hold millions of pieces of information. Or the Saturn V rocket.
Apollo 13 views of the moon. Apollo 13 Apollo 13's damaged service?module, seen from the command?module Odyssey, as it was being jettisoned shortly before reentry Mission type Crewed lunar landing attempt ( H) Operator NASA COSPAR?ID 1970-029A SATCAT? no. 4371 [1] Mission duration 5?days, 22?hours, 54?minutes, 41?seconds [2] Spacecraft properties Spacecraft Apollo?CSM -109 Apollo?LM -7 Manufacturer CSM: North?American?Rockwell LM: Grumman Launch mass 45, 931 kilograms (101, 261?lb) [3] Landing mass 5, 050 kilograms (11, 133?lb) [4] Crew Crew size 3 Members James?A.?Lovell,?Jr. John?L.?Swigert,?Jr. Fred?W.?Haise,?Jr. Callsign CM: Odyssey LM: Aquarius Start of mission Launch date April 11, 1970, 19:13:00 UTC Rocket Saturn?V SA-508 Launch site Kennedy LC-39A End of mission Recovered by USS Iwo?Jima Landing date April 17, 1970, 18:07:41 UTC Landing site South Pacific Ocean 21°38′24″S 165°21′42″W ??/?? 21. 64000°S 165. 36167°W Docking with LM Docking date April 11, 1970, 22:32:08?UTC Undocking date April 17, 1970, 16:43:00?UTC Lovell, Swigert, Haise Apollo?program ← Apollo?12 Apollo?14 → Apollo 13 was the seventh crewed mission in the Apollo?space?program and the third meant to land?on?the?Moon. The craft was launched from Kennedy?Space?Center on April 11, 1970, but the lunar landing was aborted after an oxygen tank in the service?module (SM) failed two days into the mission. The crew instead looped around the Moon, and returned safely to Earth on April 17. The mission was commanded by Jim?Lovell with Jack?Swigert as command?module (CM) pilot and Fred?Haise as lunar?module (LM) pilot. Swigert was a late replacement for Ken?Mattingly, who was grounded after exposure to rubella. Accidental ignition of damaged wire insulation inside the oxygen tank as it was being routinely stirred caused an explosion that vented the tank's contents. Without oxygen, needed both for breathing and for generating electric power, the SM's propulsion and life support systems could not operate. The CM's systems had to be shut down to conserve its remaining resources for reentry, forcing the crew to transfer to the LM as a lifeboat. With the lunar landing canceled, mission controllers worked to bring the crew home alive. Although the LM was designed to support two men on the lunar surface for two days, Mission?Control in Houston improvised new procedures so it could support three men for four days. The crew experienced great hardship caused by limited power, a chilly and wet cabin and a shortage of potable?water. There was a critical need to adapt the CM's cartridges for the carbon?dioxide removal system to work in the LM; the crew and mission controllers were successful in improvising a solution. The astronauts' peril briefly renewed interest in the Apollo program; tens of millions watched the splashdown in the South?Pacific?Ocean by television. An investigative review board found fault with preflight testing of the oxygen tank and the fact that Teflon was placed inside it. The board recommended changes, including minimizing the use of potentially combustible items inside the tank; this was done for Apollo?14. The story of Apollo?13 has been dramatized several times, most notably in the 1995 film Apollo?13. Background In 1961, U. S. President John?F.?Kennedy challenged his nation to land an astronaut on the?Moon by the end of the decade, with a safe return to Earth. [5] NASA worked towards this goal incrementally, sending astronauts into space during Project?Mercury and Project?Gemini, leading up to the Apollo?program. [6] The goal was achieved with Apollo?11, which landed on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Neil?Armstrong and Buzz?Aldrin walked on the lunar surface while Michael?Collins orbited the Moon in Command?Module? Columbia. The mission returned to Earth on July 24, 1969, fulfilling Kennedy's challenge. [5] NASA had contracted for fifteen Saturn?V rockets to achieve the goal; at the time no one knew how many missions this would require. [7] Since success was obtained in 1969 with the sixth Saturn V on Apollo?11, nine rockets remained available for a hoped-for total?of?ten?landings. After the excitement of Apollo 11, the general public grew apathetic towards the space program and Congress continued to cut NASA's budget; Apollo?20 was canceled. [8] Despite the successful lunar landing, the missions were considered so risky that astronauts could not afford life insurance to provide for their families if they died in space. [note?1] [9] Mission Operations Control Room during the TV broadcast just before the Apollo?13 accident. Astronaut Fred?Haise is shown on the screen. Even before the first U. astronaut entered space in 1961, planning for a centralized facility to communicate with the spacecraft and monitor its performance had begun, for the most part the brainchild of Christopher?C.?Kraft, who became NASA's first flight?director. During John?Glenn 's Mercury Friendship?7 flight in February 1962 (the first crewed orbital flight by the U. ), Kraft was overruled by NASA managers. He was vindicated by post-mission analysis, and implemented a rule that during the mission, the flight director's word was absolute [10] ?to overrule him, NASA would have to fire him on the spot. [11] Flight directors during Apollo had a one-sentence job description, "The flight director may take any actions necessary for crew safety and mission success. " [12] In 1965, Houston's Mission?Control?Center opened, in part designed by Kraft and now named for him. [10] In Mission Control, each flight controller, as well as monitoring telemetry from the spacecraft, was in communication via voice loop to specialists in a Staff Support Room (or "back room"), who focused on specific spacecraft systems. [11] Apollo 13 was to be the second H?mission, meant to demonstrate precision lunar landings and explore specific sites on the Moon. [13] With Kennedy's goal accomplished by Apollo 11, and Apollo?12 demonstrating that the astronauts could perform a precision landing, mission planners were able to focus on more than just landing safely and having astronauts minimally trained in geology gather lunar samples to take home to Earth. There was a greater role for science on Apollo?13, especially for geology, something emphasized by the mission's motto, Ex luna, scientia (From the Moon, knowledge). [14] Astronauts and key Mission Control personnel Apollo?13's mission commander, Jim?Lovell, was 42 years old at the time of the spaceflight, which was his fourth and last. He was a graduate of the United?States?Naval?Academy and had been a naval aviator and test?pilot before being selected for the second?group?of?astronauts in 1962; he flew with Frank?Borman in Gemini?7 in 1965 and Aldrin in Gemini?12 the following year before flying in Apollo?8 in 1968, the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon. [15] Jack?Swigert, the command module pilot (CMP), was 38?years old and held a B. in mechanical engineering and an M. in aerospace science; he had served in the Air Force and in state Air?National?Guards, and was an engineering test pilot before being selected for the fifth?group?of?astronauts in 1966. [16] Fred?Haise, the lunar module pilot (LMP), was 35 years old. He held a B. in aeronautical engineering, had been a Marine?Corps fighter pilot, and was a civilian research pilot for NASA when he was selected as a Group 5 astronaut. [17] Apollo?13 was Swigert's and Haise's only spaceflight. [18] Swigert, Lovell and Haise the day before launch According to the standard Apollo crew rotation, the prime crew for Apollo?13 would have been the backup crew [note?2] for Apollo?10 with Mercury and Gemini veteran Gordon?Cooper in command, Donn?F.?Eisele as CMP and Edgar?Mitchell as LMP. Deke?Slayton, NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, never intended to rotate Cooper and Eisele to a prime crew assignment, as both were out of favor?? Cooper for his lax attitude towards training, and Eisele for incidents aboard Apollo 7 and an extramarital affair. He assigned them to the backup crew because no other veteran astronauts were available. [21] Slayton's original choices for Apollo?13 were Alan?Shepard as commander, Stuart?Roosa as CMP, and Mitchell as LMP. However, management felt Shepard needed more training time, as he had only recently resumed active status after surgery for an inner?ear?disorder, and had not flown since 1961. Thus Lovell's crew (himself, Haise and Ken?Mattingly) having all backed up Apollo 11 and slated for Apollo?14, was swapped with Shepard's. [21] Swigert was originally CMP of Apollo?13's backup crew, with John?Young as commander and Charles?Duke as lunar module pilot. [22] Seven days before launch, Duke contracted rubella from a friend of his son. [23] This exposed both the prime and backup crews, who trained together. Of the five, only Mattingly was not immune through prior exposure. Normally, if any member of the prime crew had to be grounded, the remaining crew would be replaced as well, and the backup crew substituted, but Duke's illness ruled this out, [24] so two days before launch, Mattingly was replaced by Swigert. [16] Mattingly never developed rubella and later flew on Apollo?16. [25] For Apollo, a third crew of astronauts, known as the support crew, was designated in addition to the prime and backup crews used on projects Mercury and Gemini. Slayton created the support crews because James?McDivitt, who would command Apollo?9, believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the US, meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander. [26] Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight?plan, and checklists, and kept them updated; [27] [28] for Apollo?13, they were Vance?D.?Brand, Jack?Lousma and either William?R.?Pogue or Joseph?Kerwin. [note?3] [33] For Apollo?13, flight directors were: Gene?Kranz, White team, [34] (the lead flight director); [35]
Watched that movie in one sitting, that tells u how good that movie is. Cant believe it didnt win best picture. Apollo 13 juillet. THE JAPANESE PILOT WHO LOST HIS LIFE AND AN F35 HAS ENETERED THE SERVER. Apollo 13 square peg in round hole. Thank you! This was a thrill and and long overdue one! I was in the 6th grade, age 11. Our class had followed the mission eagerly and nervously, but we did not get to see the splashdown on TV. This was my first viewing of any coverage. Wonderful job the broadcasters did. I am not a crook. I watch the movie in 2019 the movie is so Cool. I still love this movie. so powerful in how man evolved into a new level of consciousness only to be reborn.
Apollo 13 deaths. Did the math real quick. The average life span for a mouse is about 2 years and it was 1935 when this took place that means that the mouse lived to 1999. 32 times the average life span of a mouse This means 32 times the average Male life (about 79) would be 2,528 years of age. That would really suck if you think about it. Das war kein defekt das war menschliches Versagen bei der Montage der Rakete. One of the best movie soundtracks ever. Come on Hollywood, you can do shit like this again, let go of the damn Marvel movies already... Apollo 13 disaster. Apollo 13 behind the scenes. The picture qulity is not good. It makes my eyes go bad. Listen to President Kennedy rally the American people to support NASA's Apollo program Pres. John F. Kennedy rallying the people of the United States to support NASA's Apollo program to land human beings on the Moon, September 12, 1962. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. See all videos for this article Apollo 13, U. S. spaceflight, launched on April 11, 1970, that suffered an oxygen tank explosion en route to the Moon, threatening the lives of three astronauts ?commander Jim Lovell, lunar module pilot Fred Haise, and command module pilot Jack Swigert. The severely damaged Apollo 13 service module (SM) as photographed from the lunar module/command module. An entire panel on the SM was blown away by the explosion of an oxygen tank. NASA Houston, we’ve had a problem Apollo 13 was launched from Cape Kennedy, Florida, by a giant Saturn V launch vehicle and only minutes later was inserted into orbit around Earth. About 2. 5 hours after launch, the still-attached S IVB third stage was reignited to provide the final boost toward the Moon. The transposition maneuver (removing the lunar module, code-named Aquarius, from the S IVB adapter) was carried out efficiently, and soon Apollo 13 was coasting toward the Moon on a path so accurate that the first planned course adjustment was canceled. Later in the mission, the craft underwent a hybrid transfer maneuver to facilitate landing in the difficult Fra Mauro region of the Moon. To do this, the service module’s propulsion system provided a 4. 6-metre- (15-foot-) per-second velocity change designed to lower the command module’s closest approach to the Moon from 389 km (242 miles) to 109 km (68 miles) and place the craft on a “non-free-return” trajectory. This meant that should no further propulsive maneuver be made during the flight, the craft would not swing around the Moon and return directly to Earth on a “free-return” trajectory but instead would miss Earth by 4, 750 km (2, 950 miles). However, a shift back to a free-return trajectory was within the capability of both the service module propulsion system and the lunar module descent stage propulsion system. So accurate was the hybrid transfer that a scheduled course correction was canceled. Apollo 13 launch Apollo 13 launching from Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, Florida, April 11, 1970. MSFC/NASA April 12, the day after launch, passed without incident. Early on the evening of April 13, the astronauts pressurized the lunar module Aquarius, and Lovell and Haise passed from the command module Odyssey through the connecting tunnel while checking all systems for the forthcoming landing. Suddenly, as Lovell was moving through the tunnel on his way back from Aquarius to Odyssey, a loud explosion was heard. All three astronauts quickly gathered in Odyssey to study the instruments in an effort to determine what had happened. Noting that one of the main electrical systems aboard was degrading, Haise and Lovell radioed the information to mission control in Houston, quickly turning a routine flight into one of the most exciting episodes in space history. Haise: Okay, Houston? Lovell: I believe we’ve had a problem here. Mission control: This is Houston. Say again please. Lovell: Houston, we’ve had a problem. We’ve had a main B bus undervolt. Within eight seconds of the explosion, pressure in one of the service module’s two cryogenic oxygen tanks had dropped to zero. Together with the cryogenic hydrogen tanks, they fed the required supplies to the craft’s three fuel cells, which were needed for the generation of electrical power, oxygen for breathing, and drinking water. About an hour after the accident, mission control announced that “we are now looking toward an alternate mission, swinging around the Moon and using the lunar module power systems because of the situation that has developed here this evening. ” The astronauts were to move into Aquarius, which would serve as a lifeboat, while the disabled Apollo 13 swung around the Moon and headed homeward. All thoughts of a lunar landing had long since been abandoned. Around the Moon The anxiety for the safety of the astronauts was felt in every corner of the globe, and millions of persons remained glued to television and radio sets as the perilous journey unfolded. Still three days away from Earth, the astronauts moved into the lunar module Aquarius, which they powered up before shutting down the command module Odyssey to conserve the latter’s emergency battery power for the atmospheric reentry maneuver at the end of the mission. Only the command module could pass through Earth’s atmosphere; the lunar module would have to be discarded, along with the service module, before the outer atmosphere was reached. In the meantime, however, the lunar module would be their home. When the astronauts first transferred into and activated Aquarius, Apollo 13 was about 20 hours from the Moon. Plans were made for transferring out of the hybrid trajectory and onto the free-return trajectory, a maneuver that was executed in the early morning hours of April 14. At mission control, teams of experts worked to check out all feasible maneuvers and situations in flight simulators, feeding every plan and contingency through computers. Leaders from all parts of the world voiced concern, and from Soviet Premier Aleksey N. Kosygin came the message that “the Soviet Government has given orders to all citizens and members of the armed forces to use all necessary means to render assistance in the rescue of the American astronauts. ” Four Soviet ships began moving toward the planned recovery area, while French and British warships also moved to the rescue. Radio contact with Apollo 13 was lost during the evening of April 14 as the craft swung behind the Moon, passing at an altitude of 264 km (164 miles) at the closest approach. (Since their trajectory had a higher lunar altitude than other Apollo missions, Apollo 13 set the record for farthest flight from Earth of 401, 056 km [249, 205 miles]. ) Soon afterward the spacecraft started along its return path home. Meanwhile, the long-since-discarded S IVB third stage crashed onto the Moon?it had followed an independent trajectory?as part of a planned experiment to cause an artificial moonquake to aid scientists in understanding the nature of the lunar interior. When the astronauts learned from Houston of the stage’s impact, Swigert radioed back, “Well, at least something worked on this flight. …I’m sure glad we didn’t have an LM [Lunar Module] impact too! ” About two hours later the descent stage propulsion system of the lunar module was ignited for 5 seconds at 10 percent throttle, 21 seconds at 40 percent throttle, and almost 4 minutes at full throttle. This added 941 km (585 miles) per hour to Apollo 13’s velocity, thereby cutting by 10 hours the length of the homeward journey and ensuring a splashdown in the Pacific Ocean south of Samoa. On board the spacecraft, oxygen stores remained sufficient, as did cooling water. The astronauts reduced their consumption of drinking water to six ounces per day and their consumption of electricity by 80 percent. However, the lunar module’s lithium hydroxide cartridges that removed carbon dioxide from the air would last only about 50 hours, and those from the command module were not designed to fit Aquarius. Therefore, engineers on the ground devised a makeshift adapter scheme, radioing to Apollo 13 instructions on how to attach the cartridges from the command module to the lunar module hoses. The job was done, and Haise reported, “Our do-it-yourself lithium hydroxide canister change is complete. ” Interior of the Apollo 13 lunar module (LM) Aquarius showing the “mail box, ” a jury-rigged arrangement that the astronauts built to use the command module lithium hydroxide canisters to purge carbon dioxide from the LM. NASA.

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