¡ØÌï½õ YSASUKE¡Ù¤Ë´Ø¤¹¤ë»ñÎÁÄ´ººÊó¹ð

Now, one of the big things about Yasuke is, "Are you a samurai or a samurai? Or not?".
I think one of the big questions about Yasuke is "Is he or is he not a samurai or a samurai?
As it turns out, I have generally concluded that "Yasuke" was not a samurai.

He would have been a "servant", a "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin", or a "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu".
He was neither a "¾®À«:Kosyou" nor a "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen".

For warriors in the Warring States period, name for "²È̾:Kamei" is an important identity.
(Although it would be difficult to distinguish this Japanese naming custom in other countries. ¡Ö²È̾:Kamei¡×, ¡Ö̾»ú:Myouji¡×, ¡ÖÉÄ»ú:Myouji¡×, ¡ÖÀ«:Kabane¡×, and ¡Ö»á:Uji¡× all have different meanings in medieval Japan, but in English they can all be translated as "Family Name" or "Surname".)

Especially in the Warring States period, when "legitimacy" was demanded, "²È̾:Kamei" were very important.

The fact that Yasuke does not have this "²È̾:Kamei" is fatal to the fact that he is not a samurai. It is also related to the relationship between the master and servant, Chigyou (the fiefdom), and Obuchi (Salary), all of which are connected to it.

The "Kamei" at that time was treated very differently from today's family name and surnames.
Some people may take this lightly and say, "He is a samurai even if he does not have a Kamei. It' lie.

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Sub Contents

• "²È̾:Kamei"
• "̾»ú:Myouji"
• "À«:Kabane"
• "»á:Uji"
• No "Kamei"
• Years to Become the "Samurai"

---

In the Warring States period, "²È̾:Kamei" was an important element of identity for the samurai class.
The "²È̾:Kamei" was more than just a family name.
It was tied to the "relationship of lord and serf" and "acquaintance (property)", and salary as a samurai was based on this "²È̾:Kamei" (so it would be a serious matter to "break off the Kamei line" and have the family continue to exist even if adopted. The "²È̾:Kamei" in the Warring States period was different in weight from the modern "family name" and "surname", and because it was a time of warfare, "legitimacy" was strongly demanded, and this "²È̾:Kamei" was used to express that "legitimacy").

Even those who did not have the "²È̾:Kamei" could serve their lord and fulfill the role of a samurai through bravery and merit. However, in order to become an official samurai, one had to have the "²È̾:Kamei".

Even those who did not have the "²È̾:Kamei" could serve their lord and fulfill the role of a samurai through bravery and merit. However, in order to become an official samurai, one had to have the "²È̾:Kamei".
In the Warring States period, opportunities for those who did not have the "²È̾:Kamei" - including those who did not even have a "family name " and "surname" - to become a samurai were also available, and in those days it was necessary to serve the lord and demonstrate bravery and merit.
Those who had distinguished themselves by outstanding bravery and achievements were sometimes given the "²È̾:Kamei" by their lord and made official warriors. In addition, they were given a fiefdom and Salary. Good examples of this are Toukichiro, Toukichiro Kinoshita ("Kinoshita" is a "family name"), Hideyoshi Hashiba ("Hashiba" is the "²È̾:Kamei"), and Hideyoshi Toyotomi ("Toyotomi is the "À«:Kabane"). All are name of Hideyoshi. (Even in the Edo period, people could become warriors from farmers by virtue of their talents and achievements, but in terms of opportunities, the Sengoku period offered more opportunities. It's a life-threatening situation. Even in the Edo period, there were cases where a farmer became a samurai because of his talents and achievements.)

The absence of this "²È̾:Kamei" is the best proof that "Yasuke is not a samurai¡É.
In addition, this "²È̾:Kamei" is basically a gift from the person who is the Lord.
Since it is tied to the subordinate-superior relationship, it is normal to change the ¡É²È̾:Kamei" when one's position changes, such as when one rises in the ranks.
The loss of one's "²È̾:Kamei" was a great shame for a samurai, signifying a loss of social status.
Having a "²È̾:Kamei" entailed privileges and responsibilities as a samurai.
How the "²È̾:Kamei" also influenced family relationships such as marriage and inheritance.

Looking on the Internet, it seems that many people take this "²È̾:Kamei" lightly and mistake it for a "family name" and a "surname¡É.

''The Japanese concept of the "²È̾:Kamei" is unique to Japan and not found overseas, so it is quite difficult to explain. The name is not the same as "family name" when translated into English, but it is may be closer to "Appellation: Appellatio (Latin)" ?. "Appellatio" is derived from the Latin word appellāre, to call. In medieval Europe, knights and nobles were given various "appellations" in addition to their family names, and these appellations denoted merit and honor. They were associated with a particular land or office, and were not merely appellations, but also denoted the knight's identity and honor.''

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Sub Contents

• "²È̾:Kamei"
• "̾»ú:Myouji"
• "À«:Kabane"
• "»á:Uji"
• No "Kamei"
• Years to Become the "Samurai"

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Compared to the "²È̾:Kamei", the "̾»ú:Myouji" is treated lightly, and although it is slightly different from the "²È̾:Kamei", it still represents a genealogical line of family.
In the Meiji era (1868-1912), the "²È̾:Kamei" was basically combined with the "̾»ú:Myouji", but it remained in some families such as the nobility.
In addition, there are often cases where the "²È̾:Kamei" and "²È̾:Kamei" are the same, but there are also cases where the "²È̾:Kamei" is absent but the "̾»ú:Myouji" is present.
Even if they are used in the same way in the ̾»ú:Myouji part, you can tell whether you can be called a samurai or not by whether it is a "²È̾:Kamei" or a "̾»ú:Myouji". Although some people take their own name, it is basically given to them by the person who is the head of the family.

If you transrated the "̾»ú:Myouji" by english, it is similar to the "family name" of medieval aristocrats, which referred to blood ties. Also, both "̾»ú" and "ÉÄ»ú" are pronounced "Myouji" and are family names, but their meanings are slightly different.

For example, Ieyasu's the ²È̾:Kamei is "¾¾Ê¿»á:Matsudaira" and his ̾»ú:Myouji is "ÆÁÀî:Tokugawa". Thus, the master-servant relationship and the enfeoffment are not associated with the "Tokugawa" but with the "Matsudaira".

In fact, a good example of this is "Ranmaru Mori" (whether he actually existed has been debated, but archaeological evidence has recently been found, making it highly likely that he did exist).
This "Ranmaru Mori" is a nephew of "Kanari Mori".
¡¦"Kanari Mori" have the ²È̾:Kamei of "Mori". and the ̾»ú:Myouji of "Mori" as well.
¡¦However, "Mori" of "Ranmaru Mori" is the ̾»ú:Myouji, not the ²È̾:Kamei.
Although "Ranmaru Mori" served as a "¾®À«:Kosyou", he did not have the ²È̾:Kamei, strictly speaking, "Ranmaru Mori" was not the Samurai (he was certainly "¶á½¬:Kinjyu" or "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"). Even though he had the rank of "½¾¸Þ°Ì²¼¡¦º¸¶á¾­´Æ: jyuugoige-sakonsyougen: this is Official title bestowed by the Imperial Court and was "treated like a samurai" by those around him, he was not the "Samurai".
This relationship is similar to that of "regular employees" and "irregular employees" in a company today. Even if an irregular employee becomes a boss and is treated like a regular employee, he is not a "regular employee" ("samurai") just because he is an "irregular employee" ("treated like the Samurai").
Had he survived longer and started a original "²È̾:Kamei" of his own, Ranmaru Mori would have become an official Samurai.

Hideyoshi Toyotomi's old name was "Toukichiro Kinoshita", but this "Kinoshita" is not the ²È̾:Kamei, but a ̾»ú:Myouji. Although he was given "Kinoshita" of the ̾»ú:Myouji, it was not the ²È̾:Kamei, and he could not be called th Samurai.

"Being the Samurai" and "being treated like the Samurai" seem to be close, but there is a clear difference between the two.
However, there seem to be many people who confuse the two.

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Sub Contents

• "²È̾:Kamei"
• "̾»ú:Myouji"
• "À«:Kabane"
• "»á:Uji"
• No "Kamei"
• Years to Become the "Samurai"

---

The meaning of the "À«:Kabane" is quite different from that of today. The "À«:Kabane" was given by the emperor and is a remnant of the clan system of ancient times.But sometimes you can get it.
"Toyotomi" of Hideyoshi Toyotomi is the "À«:Kabane" given by the Emperor.

The Bible divides "the tribe of Reuben into four clans or families, the Hanochites, Palluites, Hezronites, and Carmites". The name "Hanochites" in the tribe of Reuben within this article may be closer to the "À«:Kabane".

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Sub Contents

• "²È̾:Kamei"
• "̾»ú:Myouji"
• "À«:Kabane"
• "»á:Uji"
• No "Kamei"
• Years to Become the "Samurai"

---

Some people may mistake this for the "»á:Uji" because of the way it is written, such as the "¾¾Ê¿»á:Matsudaira clan" mentioned above, but it is not.
The "»á:Uji" refers to a group of blood relatives in the ancient clan system, but it is almost obsolete, and again, in the Warring States period, it is disregarded more than the "²È̾:Kamei" and the "̾»ú:Myouji".

The Bible divides "the tribe of Reuben into four clans or families, the Hanochites, Palluites, Hezronites, and Carmites". The name "Reuben" within this article may be closer to the "ȇ:Uji".

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Sub Contents

• "²È̾:Kamei"
• "̾»ú:Myouji"
• "À«:Kabane"
• "»á:Uji"
• No "Kamei"
• Years to Become the "Samurai"

---

if you have In other words without "²È̾:Kamei" name, the subordinate-superior relationship was not formally established.
In the Warring States period, a person or group of persons with military power could be included in the assemblage, but whether or not the relationship was formally established as the subordinate-superior relationship could be determined by whether or not the person or group was given a "²È̾:Kamei". If not, they are treated as irregular employees "ϲ¿Í:Ronin (free warrior)", "­·Ú:Ashigaru (common foot soldier)" , and "»¨Ê¼:Zouhyou (miscellaneous soldiers)", as well as "¿©µÒ:Syokyaku (guest warrior)".

In the modern corporate sense, they are employees who are not legally employed.
The "²È̾:Kamei" was an extremely important element for the samurai, as it indicated lineage and origin. The family name determined social status and authority, and had a great influence on marriage and employment.
The "̾»ú:Myouji" was the name of the individual head of the family and had no direct relationship to the "²È̾:Kamei".

In the Warring States period, even "ϲ¿Í:Ronin", "­·Ú:Ashigaru", and and "»¨Ê¼:Zouhyou" had the freedom to be given the "²È̾:Kamei" and accepted as warriors if they made good achievements or had special skills. A clear example of this is Hideyoshi Toyotomi, and in the Edo period, Anjin Miura. For example, even an "­·Ú:Ashigaru" could be given the "²È̾:Kamei" as a middle-ranked samurai if he became an "­·ÚÂç¾­:Ashigaru general".
There are many people whose the "²È̾:Kamei and the "̾»ú:Myouji" were the same, so it may be easy to get confused.
In addition, there were people in sengoku history who did not have the "²È̾:Kamei" but were treated like Samurai, but they were "treated like Samurai" and could not be said to be official "Samurai".

The position of the "Samurai" and the "treated like a samurai" can be likened to that of a company in today's society,

▶ The position of having the "²È̾:Kamei":
regular employees: Samurai:
Hideyoshi Hashiba, Anjin Miura
▶ No the "²È̾:Kamei", but receives the "̾»ú:Myouji":
Non-regular employees: treated like a samurai, but not be said to be official the "Samurai":
Toukichirou Kinoshita
▶ No the "²È̾:Kamei":
part-time employees and contract employees: treated like a samurai but could not be said to be official the "Samurai":
Toukichiro, Anjin

It may be easier to understand if you look at it like this.
This may not seem like much of a difference when working within a company, but in an official setting, the positions are firmly divided. Non-regular employees, those who are treated like Samurai but are not Samurai, are also the first to be cut when the situation stabilizes. After Toyotomi Hideyoshi unified the country, a large number of dismissals occurred. When Ieyasu Tokugawa took over the country and the era became peaceful, a large number of dismissals also occurred, too.

During the Warring States period, some people moved from the Dominus to another.
Takatora Todo served 10 different Dominus in his lifetime, just like changing jobs today. In Takatora's case, however, Takatora did not "lose his Dominus and become the Ronin that mean's treated like a samurai"; in Takatora's case, he was not a casual employee (treated like the samurai), but went around as a regular employee (the "Samurai").
In addition, there are man who used to be well-known Samurai, but left his Dominus (sometimes due to bereavement, etc.), then served another Dominus, and then became the Samurai again from a non-Smaurai status, which was not uncommon case in the Warring States period in Japan.

Comparisons are often made between medieval the "Knight" and the "Samurai" of the Warring States period, but there are significant differences in their roles in society. The medieval European "Knight" is unique in that once a person was knighted, the title (status), once granted, basically lasted for life. This was closely tied to land and privileges in the feudal system and meant a social status rather than a mere profession. It is also because chivalry is based on Christian values. On the other hand, the "Samurai" in Japan had a more fluid aspect, and even the "Samurai" could be separated from his lord and lose his Samurai status and become the "Ronin".

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Sub Contents

• "²È̾:Kamei"
• "̾»ú:Myouji"
• "À«:Kabane"
• "»á:Uji"
• No "Kamei"
• Years to Become the "Samurai"

---

In the Warring States period, the "²È̾:Kamei" is deeply involved in the relationship between subordinate-superior relationship, and it is treated a little differently than in the Edo period because it is a warring state period where legitimacy is required.
The Edo period is not so different in the early years.

The most famous person in the Warring States period is probably "Toukichiro", a.k.a. Toyotomi Hideyoshi.
He served his lord and received the ̾»ú:Myouji "Kinoshita" , but later, by showing his talent and achievements, he received the ²È̾:Kamei "Hashiba" and officially joined ranks of the Samurai.
Anjin, who became famous in "Shogun", also received 250 koku of "Chigyou" in 1609, but this grant was temporary and he was not a samurai at this point (he had "chigyou" and was treated like a samurai, but his position was that of a guest who could have his "chigyou" taken away at any time). It was not until 10 years later, in 1619, that he actually joined the ranks of the "Samurai", when he received the ²È̾:Kamei "Miura" and was given the name "Anjin Miura". Until then, you were always called "Mr.Anjin".

There are other "foreigners who became the Samurai", but they all served for 10 to 20 years, and after showing their special skills and talents and accumulating achievements and accomplishments, they were finally given the "²È̾:Kamei" and became the "Samurai". Therefore, Yasuke, who only served for 15 months, cannot become th Samurai.
If he had served for 10 or 20 years, he might have received the "̾»ú:Myouji", but later, even the "²È̾:Kamei" and become a samurai.

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Sub Contents

• "²È̾:Kamei"
• "̾»ú:Myouji"
• "À«:Kabane"
• "»á:Uji"
• No "Kamei"
• Years to Become the "Samurai"

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The only clear record is that of Frois.
Written on October 15, 1581, in the Correspondence of Japan, the original text of the letter is in Portuguese.

¡ÚOriginal¡Û
"hum negro que o Padre Valignano trouxe consigo da India, chamado Lasù, o qual o Xogum tanto estimou, que lhe deu espada e renda, e o fez servir de moco de camara a Dona Oeno, sua principal mullher, e ainda de seu proprio aposento."
¡ÚEnglish translation¡Û
"A black man named Yasuke from India, who accompanied Father VALIGNANO, was well esteemed by the Shougun (Nobunaga) that he gave him a sword and salary, and made him serve as valet to Nou (She's the wife of Nobunaga)'s and as servant with own (Nobunaga)'s room."

The sentence reads, "The shogun was well esteemed with him and gave him a sword and a salary".

Yasuke's position as recorded by Freud is "servant" and his job as "serve as valet to Nou's (Nobunaga's wife) " and "serve as servant with Nobunaga's room". This is different from positions such as "¾®À«:Kosyou (This job means like varlet)" or "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen (This job means like footman)".

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Sub Contents

• "¾®À«:Kosyou"or"Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®À«:Kosyou"
• "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®Êª:Komono"
• "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"
• "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"

---

Why the status was not "¾®À«:Kosyou" or "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"?
It's very simple.
Both "¾®À«:Kosyou" and "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" have a clear role and It is because the work to be done is somewhat fixed.
Well, you know that many of the "¾®À«:Kosyou" were the sons of family vassals, but some of them were not of the beautiful samurai class (so even if they were "¾®À«:Kosyou", they were not necessarily samurai).

Why don't we think of it like a business?
If you belong to the "sales department" of a large company, you do the work of the sales department (although there are different tasks within the sales department).
However, if Yasuke belongs to the General Affairs Department and has no record of doing sales work, accounting work, or development work, but it would be strange for someone else to say that he belongs to "Yasuke belongs to the the Sales Department".
Oh, come to think of it. Mr.Anjin Miura was a foreigner who rose from a temporary technical sales employee to a full-time employee, wasn't he?

So, in my opinion, Yasuke is a "General Affairs Department, catch-all section, Welfare Works (¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin)", but since I don't know the actual situation, I think it would be better to call him a "General Affairs Department, which includes a wide range of responsibilities (¶á½¬:Kinjyuu)¡É. So, I am just saying.

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Sub Contents

• "¾®À«:Kosyou"or"Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®À«:Kosyou"
• "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®Êª:Komono"
• "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"
• "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"

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There are three sources for the saying "Yasuke was ¾®À«:Kosyou".

The first is that "Yasuke was given a sword by Nobunaga".
This is also written in "About the Shincyou Kouki", it is may be true that "Yasuke was given a sword by Nobunaga". However, "receiving a sword" does not prove that he was the "Samurai". Nobunaga gave swords to various people, and as noted here, he gave swords not only to the Samurai, but also to merchants, tea masters, entertainers, doctors, missionaries, and others.

The second is that "the documents say that Yasuke was a sword-bearer"
In the 1615 edition of "Shincyou Kouki the printing book", 1614 edition of "Nobunaga Ki (A creative book based on the Shincyou Kouki)", and the 1663 edition of "Ietada Nikki: enlarged and revised edition", the "sword-bearer" is a samurai named "Yaroku Narita". But, in other later manuscripts and revisions, Yaroku and Yasuke are variously confused in different documents. In the 1615 edition of "Nobunaga Ki (Revised Edition of 1614)" and the 1691 edition of "Sonkei Kaku Bunko Shincyou Kouki", the sword-bearer and porter were written falsification of a record as "Yasuke" from "Yaroku".
For example, those who say that Yasuke was a sword-bearer because of what is written in "Shincyou Kouki". But, we need to confirm what the confirmed documents are and what they are about.
It may seem strange that the Smaurai rather than a "¾®À«:Kosyou" would be the sword-bearer, but it was not uncommon in the Warring States period for a middle- or lower-ranking samurai to serve as the sword-bearer for a senior samurai. This is because the person who wields the sword would be at his side depending on various factors on the battlefield, such as the severity of the war situation, trust, and tactical reasons. For example, even Nobunaga, it is recorded in the historical records that "Toshiie Maeda" once served as Nobunaga's sword-bearer.

The third is that "there is a description of Yasuke wielding a sword in the documents".
However, this is also a misunderstanding: there are only materials that have rewritten the "Yaroku of Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" in the description "Yaroku fought with a sword but was surrounded by enemies and killed" in the "1615 Shincyou Kouki the printing book" as "Yasuke", whether as a misnomer or as a narrative. I don't know if it was a misnomer or if it was deliberately written out of narrative. This "Yaroku" is also mentioned in the Study of Nobunaga's Vassals as a person who died in the Honnouji incident.

In this connection, there are people who say that Yasuke was a Samurai, for example, because "it is written in the Shincyou Kouki". But, we need to confirm what the confirmed documents are and what they are about.

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I have checked various historical documents, and there is no record of "Yasuke being a sword-bearer".

To begin with, a "¾®À«:Kosyou" was basically a vassal who supported the "²ÈÌç:Kamon" that is escutcheon like military family or was a cadet for the "²ÈÌç:Kamon". However, there were cases (quite unusual) where a non-samurai with good looks could serve.

The main roles of the "¾®À«:Kosyou" were as follows,

▶ Serving as the lord's personal attendant: the person was expected to be close to his master at all times.
▶ The "¾®À«:Kosyou" were trained in martial arts so that they could serve as vassals in the future.
▶ Secretarial role: They also played a secretarial role, writing letters and messages to their masters and gathering information.
▶ He was expected to protect his master in times of war, risking his life to protect his master.

Many of the "¾®À«:Kosyou" were expected to play a central role in the vassalage in the future and were strictly trained for this purpose.
Work like this.
To become the "¾®À«:Kosyou", one's family background and talents are strictly scrutinized, and only those who have been selected are usually chosen to become the "¾®À«:Kosyou". In addition to martial arts, the role also emphasizes education and courtesy. The "sword-bearer" is not only the Samurai. But a diplomat with court nobles and other countries, and it is impossible for an amateur to be the "sword-bearer" on such an official occasion. It is not a job for someone who lacks the education and courtesy of Japan's Warring States period.
In modern times, it would be like bringing an idol who is amateur as political to an important international meeting of nations and having him dance around as a member of your entourage. ... but there were actually countries that did it as of late.

In the Warring States period, the position of the "¾®À«:Kosyou" was usually filled by a young man, but it was not necessarily limited to young men.

▶ it was not always limited to young people. In this case, it is believed that they were often entrusted with the education and guidance of the younger generation, or with sensitive duties.
▶ Under special circumstances: When war was raging or the lord was in danger, experienced vassals would sometimes follow him as the "¾®À«:Kosyou".

This was sometimes the case.

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Sub Contents

• "¾®À«:Kosyou"or"Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®À«:Kosyou"
• "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®Êª:Komono"
• "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"
• "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"

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In contrast to the "¾®À«:Kosyou" theory, there is the "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" theory.
This theory may come from the theory that "he did not sword-bearer" and "he was a porter". It also explains this theory in "On the 'Shincyou Kouki'", but there are two sources for it as well.

One is that "the documents say that Yasuke was a porter".
In the 1615 edition of "Shincyou Kouki the printing book", 1614 edition of "Nobunaga Ki (A creative book based on the Shincyou Kouki)", and the 1663 edition of "Ietada Nikki: enlarged and revised edition", the "porter" is a samurai named "Yaroku Narita". But, in other later manuscripts and revisions, Yaroku and Yasuke are variously confused in different documents. In the 1615 edition of "Nobunaga Ki (Revised Edition of 1614)" and the 1691 edition of "Sonkei Kaku Bunko Shincyou Kouki", the sword-bearer and porter were written falsification of a record as "Yasuke" from "Yaroku".
For example, those who say that Yasuke was a porter because of what is written in "Shincyou Koiki". But, we need to confirm what the confirmed documents are and what they are about.

Another is "The document says that Yasuke was a porter".
There is also a reference to the 1560s and Nobunaga's youth in the "Shincyou Koiki", in which "Yasuke the porter" is recorded. In this record,

"Yasuke" is described as follows: "On June 25, 1568, Nobunaga left Gifu for Echizen. Yasuke accompanied Nobunaga with his bow".

Yasuke the Black man did not serve Nobunaga until March 1581 and had not yet arrived in Japan in 1568. This "Yasuke" does not refer to "Yasuke the Black man", but to "Yasuke the porter, he is a completely different person from black Yasuke". This person died some time later.
Well, it's just a "mistaken person identity".
The "Yasuke the porter" is that there is no record of a "black Yasuke the porter" in the primary historical records, although there is a record of a "non-black Yasuke the porter" in the primary historical records.

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This misunderstanding, combined with "Kurobou" or "Tadasada Amara", leads to an interesting creation.
In "Kouyougunkan", "Kurobou" appears gradually as the issue revisions.

▶ The 1610 Yoda edition (held by the Yamanashi Prefectural Museum) makes no mention of Kouyou Gunkan.
▶ The 1615 Hayashi version mentions that "Kurobou" served Shingen.
▶ The first detailed description of "Kurobou" is found in Matsui's book of 1616 (and Kurobou served Shingen).
▶ In 1626, Kurozaka-bon mentions that "Kurobou" accompanied Shingen after his conquest of Koushuu (and that "Kurobou" served Shingen in 1562 and then served Nobunaga).
▶ In the 1643 Haruura version, the activities are described in detail, but the date of "Kurobou"'s service to Shingen is changed to 1560.

Some commentators have suggested that this "Kurobou" was Yasuke. This is a fundamental misunderstanding, but it is necessary to know that "Kurobou" is a story about "Tadasada Amara" and not "Yasuke", a black man" as an assumption... however that someone was misunderstood "¹õË·:Kurobou" to mean "¹õ¿Í:black man" and mistook it for "Yasuke the black man".

This "Kurobou" served Shingen from 1560 ¡Á 1562 to 1568, but betrayed him and changed his lord to Nobunaga on September 29, 1568. This "Kurobou" and the "Yasuke the porter" recorded on June 25, 1568 are combined, leading to a misrecording in later historical documents. In the "Shincyou Kouki", the Youmei Bunko (1694) and Jingu Bunko (1698) editions also record the following in 1568: "Nobunaga had Yasuke shoot a bow. Yasuke shot a hundred times and hit all the targets, astonishing Nobunaga". But, in the earlier Shincyou Kouki, it says, "Nobunaga had Kurobou shoot a bow. Kurobou shot a hundred times and hit all the targets, astonishing Nobunaga".
This "Kurobou's bow demonstration" is also found in "Ietada Nikki" and "Tamonin Nikki", where it is described as "Kurobou" or "Kuro-otoko".

---

I have checked various historical documents, and there is no record of "Yasuke being the porter".

In the Warring States period, the position of "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" was a position among samurai vassals that took care of the lord's personal belongings,

▶ Taking care of the lord's personal needs:
preparing meals, assisting with dressing, preparing bedding, and other general daily needs.
▶ Communicating matters:
Communicating instructions from the lord to the vassals and reports from the vassals to the lord.
▶ Writing letters:
Writing letters from the lord, reading letters from outside, etc.
▶ Guarding:
Guarding the lord's personal belongings.
▶ Chores:
In addition to the above, they also take care of the horses, clean the house, and perform various other chores.

etc.
No special qualifications were required to become the "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen", but it was desirable to have some knowledge of the martial arts. It was also necessary to be honest and trustworthy, as it was one of the positions within the "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu".

▶ The difference between the "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" and the "Samurai of vassal" is...
That the "Samurai of vassal" served the lord at with prowess and wisdom, and had higher status and authority than the "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen", such as receiving a fiefdom and a stipend.
▶ The difference between the "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" and the "¾®À«:Kosyou" is...
that "¾®À«:Kosyou" was basically a candidate for future vassal of the Samurai, and was educated not only in martial arts but also in literature and military arts.

The position of "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" is mainly devoted to taking care of the lord's personal affairs.

---

Sub Contents

• "¾®À«:Kosyou"or"Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®À«:Kosyou"
• "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®Êª:Komono"
• "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"
• "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"

---

Some people think that Yasuke is neither "¾®À«:Koshou" nor "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen", but rather "¾®Êª:Komono".

In the Warring States period, "¾®Êª:komono" were low-ranking servants who did various jobs, mainly in the residences or castles of their vassals. It could be said that they were similar to "houseboy" in the modern sense of the word. The main duties of this "¾®Êª:komono" are

▶ General housekeeping:
Cleaning, cooking, laundry, shopping, and all other household chores in mansion.
▶ To do something:
He also runs errands and delivers letters on behalf of his master.
▶ Guarding:
He was also in charge of guarding the mansion, such as night watchman, gatekeeper, etc.
▶ Horse care:
They also took care of horses and groomed their mounts.

"¾®Êª:komono" would do this kind of work.

▶ Low status: The lowest of the vassals, they sometimes received instructions from other vassals.
▶ They were not good at martial arts: Since they rarely learned martial arts, they were mainly engaged in work that did not require military skills.
▶ In many cases, they would move in and out of the house for a period of time and then move to another house.

Many of them were in this position.

This is also out of line with the work that Yasuke would have done.

---

Sub Contents

• "¾®À«:Kosyou"or"Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®À«:Kosyou"
• "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®Êª:Komono"
• "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"
• "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"

---

the "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin" Personal Assistant has a wide variety of jobs.

▶ Politics and diplomacy:
Assisting in political decisions and conducting diplomatic negotiations was one of the most important tasks of the "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin".
▶ Domain Management:
The "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin" was also responsible for the administration of the household, including the management of vassals and the management of the fiefdom.
▶ Culture and art:
The "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin" was required to be culturally literate in the arts, such as the tea ceremony, waka poetry, and calligraphy, and was sometimes the lord's companion in his hobbies.
▶ Information Gathering:
Gathering domestic and international information and reporting it to the lord was also an important part of the job.
▶ Secretarial duties:
The "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin" was also responsible for managing the lord's schedule, writing letters, and performing other secretarial duties as we know them today.
▶ Advice:
Each of them sometimes gave advice to the lord from his own point of view.

It was not common for a non-samurai to serve as a retainer.
However, there were exceptions. In particular, it is recorded that some people who were highly valued by the lord, such as merchants and priests, were also in a position to be called "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin".

▶ Merchants:
Merchants were expected to use their economic knowledge and personal connections to support the lord's finances and conduct diplomatic negotiations. They also played an active role in gathering information from other lands.
▶ Priests:
Preasts were expected to use their religious knowledge and training to offer spiritual advice and prayers to their lord.
▶ Tea Masters:
In the case of tea masters, they were expected to use their cultural knowledge and cultivation, such as the tea ceremony, to give spiritual advice to the lord and to promote cultural activities such as tea ceremonies.

There is a wide variety of duties, such as A person who does not have the status of a samurai became the "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin",

▶ Special skills: A person who had special knowledge or skills.
▶ Trust of the Lord: The person had a strong personal relationship of trust with the lord and was involved in work that required special skills.
▶ In the Sengoku period, although the status system was strictly regulated, it was also strongly meritocratic, so non-bushi were sometimes used in exceptional cases.

This is what I mean.

"Yasuke" may know about foreign countries and understand foreign languages and scripts. And he may not be fluent, but he may be able to understand and speak Japanese to some extent.
Nobunaga was curious about information from overseas, so he may have had them talk about such foreign countries and translate and explain books presented by missionaries.I thought that could be included. I thought so. Similar to tea masters and merchants, if we consider that they were hired to "satisfy Nobunaga's intellectual curiosity for foreign cultures and information and taste", we can understand why they appear in the records as interpreters and at tea ceremonies, but not in the records of their activities on the battlefield.
However, the term "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin" is also "when considered favorably from Yasuke's standpoint", so I think "servant" would be a better way to explain it in general (The term "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin" includes important positions such as politics and diplomacy, and that is the main job, so there is a risk of being misunderstood as such).

---

Sub Contents

• "¾®À«:Kosyou"or"Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®À«:Kosyou"
• "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®Êª:Komono"
• "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"
• "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"

---

During the Warring States period, "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu" was a general term for positions that were very close to the lord and performed a variety of duties.
The term "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu" was a general term for positions that were very close to the lord an" also includes "¾®À«:Kosyou (This job means like varlet)", "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen (This job means like footman)" and "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin (The meaning of those who are close to the Lord and can be used by Him)".
the "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"'s duties varied widely, from attending to the lord's personal needs to providing political advice and managing family affairs, depending on his abilities.

There were also a number of non-samurai in the "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu". However, they were expected to be loyal to their lord.
The term The "Nobunaga's "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu" has the character "¶á:Close" in it, so some people think it is the same as "aide-de-camp", "guardee", or "personal bodyguard", but only in the general sense of 'those who serve Nobunaga'. You might say, "Is the position of "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin" not right for Yasuke? However, "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu" would not be wrong, because it includes a wide range of positions. it is certainly included in the term "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu" for the time being. However, as I mentioned earlier, if there are people who misunderstand the term as "aide-de-camp", "guardee", or "personal bodyguard", it would be better to say "servant" to avoid any misunderstanding.

the explanation of the positions status in Japan's Warring States period is which is similar in some respects to the positions status in medieval Europe, but there are some difficulties in explaining the scope of his duties. Also, when translated, the meaning is often quite different, so people from overseas need to be careful with translated words.

---

Perhaps the misunderstood person is confusing "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu" with "¶á»ø:Kinji", but The meanings are completely different.

¡Ú¶á½¬:Kinjyuu¡Û
It is a word with a broader meaning, to serve close to the lord, or a person who serves the lord. It refers to all vassals who are close to the lord, and includes not only samurai, but also those who serve in cultural areas such as the tea ceremony and waka poetry. They were also responsible for daily care and chores.

¡Ú¶á»ø:Kinji¡Û
The term "¶á»ø:Kinji" was used in a narrower sense to describe those who served their lord directly and were responsible for personal care and protection. The Kinsamurai is mainly trained in martial arts and is responsible for the protection of the lord's person. The closest and most trusted person to the lord, they are sometimes used in a sense similar to the positions of "samurai general" and "aide-de-camp".

---

Sub Contents

• "¾®À«:Kosyou"or"Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®À«:Kosyou"
• "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen"
• "¾®Êª:Komono"
• "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin"
• "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu"

---

One of the documents used to prove that "this is what is written here" is the Shincyou Kouki (The Principal Records of Nobunaga).
The original of the Shincyou Kouki has not yet been found. Therefore, it can only be found in printed books and manuscripts.
The argument that "Yasuke was a samurai" or "Yasuke was a porter" is often made, and the argument that "if he was a ¾®À«:Kosyou (This job means like varlet), he must have been samurai" or "no, he was not a ¾®À«:Kosyou but a porter, so he was Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen (This job means like footman) is also made.
One of the reasons for this is the existence of different editions and manuscripts.

So, what was actually the case - there is no record of "Yasuke the Black man" being a "¾®À«:Kosyou" or a "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen". In other words, the discussion about whether he was a "¾®À«:Kosyou" or not is nonsense. The fact that another "Yasuke" who was not a black man was a porter is found in the 1560s part of the record.

There are various editions of the "Shincyou Kouki" (There are more than 70 editions).
Some editions that were thought to be in the handwriting of Uichi Ota in the 1960s have recently been scientifically analyzed and found to be from between the 17th to 19th centuries.
I have written so much about the "Shincho Kouki" that I have divided the pages into separate another sections.

The big one that comes up in the theories of Yasuke's activities is the "Honnouji Incident".
There are several theories about Yasuke's involvement in the Honnouji Incident.

▶ He died in battle at Honnouji Incident
▶ He went to Nobutada to tell him to come to the rescue
▶ He escaped from the Honnouji incident
▶ He was captured by Akechi
▶ He was captured by Akechi and was said to be like an animal
▶ He was captured by Akechi and said to be like an animal

There are many such theories. I guess the most popular one is "like an animal".

So which one is mentioned in the primary historical records?
There is only one theory that is mentioned in the primary historical records. But it is a hearsay record.

In fact, he had no record of any battles.

In fact, this is the only mention of it in the historical record.
This record is that the Fróis's Letter, a record of a hearsay report a few days after the Honnouji incident (June 2, 1582), states that "Yasuke died in battle beside Nobunaga. However, this is a record of "hearsay".
Although it is personal, perhaps Fróis is referring to "Yaroku the Cyuugen (Ãæ´Ö)" in the description "Yaroku fought with his sword, but was surrounded by the enemy and died in battle" in the 1615 edition of "Shincyou Kouki the printing book". I think I must have misheard it somewhere in the message game (this "Yaroku" is the person mentioned among those who died in the Honnouji incident).

In the 1614 edition of "Nobunaga ki", which is based on "Shincyou Kouki" but is a fictional work, there is no mention of Yasuke's death and no specific mention that Yasuke fought in the Honnouji incident, but there is a description that he was "sent to Kyoto by secret order of Nobunaga just before the Honnouji incident". It also specifically states that "he served as a close aide to Nobunaga and was known as a spearman (this is described separately)" (this description of a spearman may have given rise to the theory that "Yasuke was a master spearman" in Ryotaro Shiba's "Research od Shincyou kouki" book).
The Jesuit book of the 1670s also describes "Yasuke left Honnouji by order of Nobunaga as an emissary from Nobunaga to Nobutada (Nobunaga's son) to seek help in a time of crisis. This book (the 1614 edition of "Nobunaga ki") may have been one of the books exported overseas, and the author must have based his work on the 1614 edition of "Nobunaga ki".
In the 1615 edition of "Nobunaga Ki", the description was changed to "Yasuke died after the Honnouji incident. Specifically, it says, "Yasuke died of illness a few years after the Honnouji incident". This is a description in the fictional work.

---

In fact, Yasuke did not die at Honnouji Incident.
This Is the one that appears as a true record.

There is a record from 1585, written by the missionary Joan Baptista de Rodriguez, in the letter "Report on the Church in Japan (Relación de las cosas de la Iglesia en Japón)".

"Item, de un negro de Moçambique, llamado lasù, que vino con el Padre Visitador al Japon, y ha servido mucho a los Padres en sus viajes y ministerios."
"I would also like to mention Yasuke, a black man from East Africa who came to Japan with the visiting mission. Yasuke is very helpful to the missionaries in their travels and missionary work."

It is written.

In the letter of the missionary Valignano, who met him in Kyoto in 1598, he wrote that he was "He is good health and helping the missionaries with their missionary work". In 1599 he wrote that he was "a little older" (this can be confirmed in the letter of the Society of Jesus). He was 25 years old on December 21, 1577, so he was between 46 and 47 years old.

In addition, if we talk about the specific history record of Yasuke live in Japan, it is recorded in the "Myoukouin Document of Myoushinji pagoda (1590)" and "Ryuuanji Document of Myoushinji pagoda (1600)" (the existence and contents have not been confirmed by me) that Yasuke contributed to the temple. I have been looking through various historical documents to gradually find confirmation of his survival, but so far this "1600" is the longest record of his survival, so I have to check it out. This "Ryuuanji" is a temple related to the Nobunaga Oda, but I cannot find a pagoda called "Myoukouin" in the Myoshinji pagoda. It may be a mistake "Reikouin (where the mausoleum of Oda Nobunaga's sister, Inu no Kata no Kata)". The document I saw said it was "highly reliable", but I did not check the key document myself, so it is not yet a primary historical document. (The story may have been made up).

In any case, it is possible to confirm in primary historical record that he survived until 1599.
For the year 1600 I am still looking for historical record.

---

This is just my imagination, but in Japan there are many people with deeply chiseled and well-tanned faces (especially in those days when there are many outdoor activities). Even if they were a deeply chiseled and black skin appearance, if they had dark hair, dark eyes, and could speak some Japanese, they might be thought of only as "tall, tanned, deeply chiseled faced people whose pronunciation might be a dialect of another area in japan".
I have an acquaintance who looks Middle Eastern, with a dark complexion, big nose, big nose, strong naturally permed hair, but he has always been Japanese, even though he traces his family tree back to the Jomon and Yayoi periods. During the Jomon and Yayoi periods, people came from different places and settled in Japan, and the country is actually surprisingly large and long and narrow, so there are people with many different faces.

---

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As for Yasuke himself, I have more records in the letters of the Jesuit missionaries of the time than in Japanese historical records.
As I found out in the course of my research, Yasuke's name and age are already known (this will be mentioned separately), traced from overseas research.
Here, I am only referring to the question, "Was Yasuke a samurai?" .

And the answer is that he was only a "servant".

---

Sub Contents

• Status in the Fróis's Letter
• Work in the Fróis's Letter

---

In Fróis's letter, the word "servant" is clearly written in Portuguese.

¡ÚOriginal¡Û
"Um serviu negro de Moçambique chamado Lacù que serviu Xogum"
¡ÚEnglish translation¡Û
"A black servant from East Africa named Yasuke who served Nobunaga"

The Portuguese language makes it clear that he is a "servant".

If Yasuke had served Nobunaga as the "Samurai", this is how the sentence would be written.

"Um vassalo negro de Moçambique chamado Lacù que serviu Xogum"

That would be the description.

If Yasuke had served Nobunaga as the "Slave", this is how the sentence would be written.

"Um escravo negro de Moçambique chamado Lacù que serviu Xogum"

That would be the description.

Some of the letters have words that can be translated as "servant" or "valet", but throughout it's just "servant.
There is "negro que servia de pajem". This "negro" is a black man. You can use "servia. The word "pajem" can be translated as "¾®À«:varlet" (or, in Western parlance, "servant"), but looking at the others, it is more appropriate to translate it as "servant".

---

However, the Japanese translation of the European translation of this word appears as "slave".
This is a Latin translation ¡ÉServus niger¡É of the Portuguese word "serviu negro", which means "black servant¡É but can transrade means "black slave". The reason is that "servus" means "slave" when read in Old Latin (this is related to the "Yasuke slave theory" and will be discussed on a separate page). Some Japanese books also translate it as "black slave".

¡ÚOriginal text¡Û
"Um serviu negro de Moçambique chamado Lacù que serviu Xogum."
¡ÚEnglish translation¡Û
"A black servant from East Africa named Yasuke who served Nobunaga."

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡⇓

¡ÚLatin translation¡Û
"Servus niger a Mozambique dictus Yask Shogun serviebat."
¡ÚCorrect English Translation¡Û
"A black servant from East Africa named Yasuke who served Nobunaga."
¡ÚIncorrect English translation¡Û
"A black slave from Mozambique named Yasuke who served Nobunaga."

The problem is that if you just read the Latin translation, it can be read as either "servant" or "slave".

This has to do with the time period of the Latin translation, as the word "Moçambique" is no longer used to mean "East Africa (region)" in addition to "Mozambique (country)", as it was before the end of the 16th century. The word "Moçambique" was translated into Latin when it was only used to mean "Mozambique (country)", and "black slaves in Mozambique" was created in the context of Mozambique being a Portuguese colony that produced a large number of slaves.

However, if you check the original text in Portuguese, you will find that "escravo" is written in Portuguese if you want to say "slave", but it is not written that way in the original text, but rather "servant" (by the way, the Portuguese word "escravo" is also translated into Latin as "servus").
You will also hear some people say that Yasuke was written 'cafre', but the word 'cafre' itself is not used in the original text, since the word was not used until the end of the 16th century. The first time it is used in a Jesuit letter from Japan is in Valignano's letter of 1685, where the word "Moçambique (referring to East Africa in the sense of the time)" is no longer used in changed the time background, and the word "cafraria (referring to Southeast Africa in the sense of the time)" is written instead.

---

Sub Contents

• Status in the Fróis's Letter
• Work in the Fróis's Letter

---

I have been reading the historical documents of the Jesuits, and although the term "servant (serviu)" appears several times, this is probably the only one that describes a job.
Written on October 15, 1581, in the "Correspondence of Japan", the original text of the letter is in Portuguese.

¡ÚOriginal¡Û
"hum negro que o Padre Valignano trouxe consigo da India, chamado Lasu, o qual o Xogum tanto estimou, que lhe deu espada e renda, e o fez servir de moco de camara a Dona Oeno, sua principal mullher, e ainda de seu proprio aposento."
¡ÚEnglish translation¡Û
"A black man named Yasuke from Asian India, who accompanied Father VALIGNANO, was well esteemed by the Shougun (Nobunaga) that he gave him a sword and salary, and made him serve as valet to Nou's (Nobunaga's wife) and as servant with own's room."

The phrase "lhe deu espada e ceda" translates as "sword and salarary", but it could also be translated as "sword and copper coin", "sword and stipend", or "sword in a decorated sheath". However, based on the description in the Ietada Diary, it is translated as "sword and salary" (see here for more details).

From the description of this letter, it is likely that he was a servant, and among them, one could say that he was a "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin#sSobayounin?, This Sobayounin has many roles, but helping with hobbies is also one of the duties of a servant in Sobayounin jobs".
There are various types of jobs for Sobayounin, and while there are samurai involved in political affairs, there are also those who are not samurai, such as tea masters, doctors, and merchants.
Nobunaga was also interested in foreign information and received foreign books from missionaries, so it would be fitting to think that he had them translate such books and explain them to him.
(Whether Yasuke had such knowledge or not is a topic for another discussion.)

But first of all, the term "¶á½¬:Kinjyuu" is the most accurate way to put it.
"¶á½¬¡§Kinjyu" is a term that includes "¾®À«:Kosyou (This job means like varlet)", "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen (This job means like footman)", and "¦ÍÑ¿Í:Sobayounin (The meaning of those who are close to the Lord and can be used by Him)", all of whom were in the service of Nobunaga.
(Some people seem to think that "¶á½¬:Kinjyu" is like "guardee" or "entourage" in the West, but this is not the case.)

''Japan's Sengoku period had various roles that are difficult to explain in English, so trusting a literal translation made by a machine can sometimes be a fatal mistake.''

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Sub Contents

• Status in the Fróis's Letter
• Work in the Fróis's Letter

---

The representative evidence cited as proof for the theory that "Yasuke was the Samurai" is as follows.

---

Sub Contents

• Yasuke was given a sword
• Yasuke was given the mansion
• Nobunaga's Order to Visit Koushuu
• Yasuke wielded a sword
• Yasuke was a master of the spear
• Yasuke was a master archer

---

The fact that Yasuke received a sword and a grant from Nobunaga is confirmed not only in the Jesuit's letter but also in the "Ietada Diary.
Some people take this "Gift sword of Nobunaga" as proof that he became a "samurai", but this is not true.

In those days, many rewards such as swords and copper coins, as well as salaries called "¸æÉÞ»ý:Obuchi" were given to those who were not samurai.
They were given to samurai, but they were also given to merchants, tea masters, entertainers, doctors, and missionaries.
These are just markings that Nobunaga makes, which means that demands loyalty from the person who gave him the sword. And And the other ones are meant as rewards or salaries.
If they are samurai because they were given swords, then merchants, tea masters, entertainers, doctors, and missionaries would also be samurai.

In fact, what Yasuke received from Nobunaga is examined in "Shincyo Kouki".

---

Sub Contents

• Yasuke was given a sword
• Yasuke was given the mansion
• Nobunaga's Order to Visit Koushuu
• Yasuke wielded a sword
• Yasuke was a master of the spear
• Yasuke was a master archer

---

This also came out after ages.
Many people who hold this theory may have "Sonkeikaku Bunko Hon Shincyou Kouki (1691)" as a historical source (also done research and analysis on "Shincyou Kouki"). This can be traced back to "Hasegawa Book Shincyou Kouki (1625)".
However, it does not appear in any older historical documents, including creative works.

▶1615 "Shincyou Kouki Katsubon": "A reward is given to him".
▶1582 "Nobunaga Ki": "A sword is given to him".
▶1614 "Nobunaga Ki": "Grant of aAppanage".
▶1615 "Nobunaga's Record": "Grant of appanage".

The "Nobunaga Ki (1582)" is different from the "Nobunaga Ki (1614 and 1615). The "Nobunaga Ki (1614 and 1615) are a Creation Based on the "Shincyou Kuoki". But the "Nobunaga Ki" (1582) is the original of the "Shincyou Kouki", It was written by Ushiichi Ota, and only a fragment of it is known to exist.
In addition, the "Ietada Diary" states.

▶ 1663, "Ietada Nikki, Extended and Completed book: "Grant of appanage".

Also, in a letter from the Jesuits written on October 15, 1581, in the "Nihon Tsushin (Japanese Correspondence)", we read.

¡ÚOriginal¡Û
"hum negro que o Padre Valignano trouxe consigo da India, chamado Lasù, o qual o Xogum tanto estimou,que lhe deu espada e renda, e o fez servir de moco de camara a Dona Oeno, sua principal mullher, e ainda de seu proprio aposento".
¡ÚEnglish translation¡Û
"A black man named Yasuke from Asian India, who accompanied Father VALIGNANO, was well esteemed by the Shougun (Nobunaga) that he gave him a sword and salary, and made him serve as valet to Nou (She's the wife of Nobunaga)'s and as servant with own (Nobunaga)'s room."

The original letter is written in Portuguese.
Therefore, I think that the "received the mansion" is also a creative anecdote.

Some people also hold the theory that they are warriors because they receive "Åá:sword", "¸æÉÞ»ý:salary", and "²°Éß:mansions", but this misses the point.
In fact, As merchants who received "Åá:sword" and "¸æÉÞ»ý:salary" as well as land for their shops. Missionaries also receive "Åá:sword", "Ë«¾Þ:incentive award", and land to build Nanban temples. Some doctors and entertainers also receive them. There are many examples of people 'who received "Åá:sword" , "¸æÉÞ»ý:salary", and "²°Éß:mansions" when they became samurai', but this does not mean that 'they became samurai just because they received "Åá:sword" , "¸æÉÞ»ý:salary", and "²°Éß:mansions"'.

---

Sub Contents

• Yasuke was given a sword
• Yasuke was given the mansion
• Nobunaga's Order to Visit Koushuu
• Yasuke wielded a sword
• Yasuke was a master of the spear
• Yasuke was a master archer

---

There is a person who claims that "Yasuke was a samurai" is the primary source for "Nobunaga's inspection of the area after the conquest of Koushu, and that he accompanied Nobunaga on the inspection. This is a description in the "Ietada Nikki", but it may have been influenced by the "Koyo Gunkan (Military Review of Koyo)". This is a matter to be investigated.

There are also different editions of "Kouyougunkan".

▶ The 1610 Yoda edition (held by the Yamanashi Prefectural Museum) makes no mention of Kouyou Gunkan.
▶ The 1615 Hayashi version mentions that "Kurobou" served Shingen.
▶ The first detailed description of "Kurobou" is found in Matsui's book of 1616 (and Kurobou served Shingen).
▶ In 1626, Kurozaka version mentions that "Kurobou" accompanied Shingen after his conquest of Koushuu (and that "Kurobou" served Shingen in 1562 and then served Nobunaga).
▶ In the 1643 Haruura version, the activities are described in detail, but the date of "Kurobou"'s service to Shingen is changed to 1560.

Some commentators have suggested that this "Kurobou" was Yasuke. This is a fundamental misunderstanding, but it is necessary to know that "Kurobou" is a story about "Tadasada Amara" and not "Yasuke", a black man" as an assumption.
The Kouyou Gunkan is a source that mixes historical fact and fiction, so care must be taken when handling its contents.
The reason the story about Shingen appears in Yasuke's theory is that he misunderstood "¹õË·:Kurobou" to mean "¹õ¿Í:black man" and mistook it for "Yasuke the black man".

In reality, it is a mixture of two people. One is a person named "Yasuke" who is different from the "Yasuke the non-Black man " who appears in the 1560s and "carried Nobunaga's baggage. And the other is a person named "Tadasada Amara" who served Shingen and Nobunaga and who appears in the historical records as "Kurobou" and "Kuro-otoko (If you translate this word into English, it would be translated as "black man", but that's a translation error, too.)" from the 1550s.

However, the problem remains that there are different records of this "Kurobou", and it is also mentioned in historical documents that he served Kenshin, not Shingen. It is confirmed in the "Ietada Nikki" and "Tamonin Nikki" that he served Nobunaga sometime in 1568.

---

The reason why the "Ietada Nikki" is influenced by the "Kouyou Gunkan" is that the "Ietada Nikki" often referred to is not the original, but a revised edition of the "Ietada Nikki, enlarged and supplemented" of 1663. This "Ietada Nikki, enlarged and supplemented" was compiled by Matsudaira Tadatsuyu and is said to be based on the "Ietada Nikki" with additions made before the 3rd year of Bunroku (1596) and after, up to the 2nd year of Genna (1616), when Ieyasu died.
The original was written by Matsudaira Tadafusa, Ietada's grandson and head of the Fukamizo Matsudaira in the early Edo period, and is said to exist. So without checking the original, it is really impossible to know!

In this "Ietada Nikki" entry for 1568, "Kurobou" is mentioned in a bow comparison, but this is "Tadasada Amara", which is also confirmed in the "Tamonin Nikki". In the part of the 1582 Koushuu War, there is a version that describes this "Kurobou" as "Yasuke" or "Yasuke". However, it is pointed out that the description of this part differs considerably from edition to edition, and the description itself is questionable.
If he was taking Tadasada Amara who was originally born and raised in Jyousyuu that was said that he served Uesugi, it would be understandable, as he would have some geographical ties (there are various anecdotes about Tadasada Amara itself. He served Uesugi, then Takeda from 1560-62, then Nobunaga from 1568, and so on.)

But, since the contents of the "Ietada Nikki" should be used with caution, it is necessary to investigate whether this description is really in the original or a near-original edition.

---

Sub Contents

• Yasuke was given a sword
• Yasuke was given the mansion
• Nobunaga's Order to Visit Koushuu
• Yasuke wielded a sword
• Yasuke was a master of the spear
• Yasuke was a master archer

---

This is a theory that "Yasuke is mentioned as wielding a sword in the Honnoiji incident".
However, this is also a misunderstanding: there are only materials that have rewritten the "Yaroku of Ãæ´Ö (Cyuugen)" in the description "Yaroku fought with a sword but was surrounded by enemies and killed" in the "1615 Shincyou Kouki the printing book" as "Yasuke", whether as a misnomer or as a narrative. I don't know if it was a misnomer or if it was deliberately written out of narrative. This "Yaroku" is also mentioned in the Study of Nobunaga's Vassals as a person who died in the Honnouji incident.

---

Sub Contents

• Yasuke was given a sword
• Yasuke was given the mansion
• Nobunaga's Order to Visit Koushuu
• Yasuke wielded a sword
• Yasuke was a master of the spear
• Yasuke was a master archer

---

This "Spear Master" is a man named "Yaroku Narita", the longtimer retainer.
According to "Shincyou Kouki", he was a samurai who carried a sword and sometimes a baggage, which can be confirmed in "Shinchou Kouki" and "Ietada Nikki".

However, in some books, "Yaroku Narita" is written falsification of a record as "Yasuke". Because of this, some people refer to "Yaroku Narita's Anecdote" as "Yasuke's Anecdote".

In primary historical sources, there is no mention of Yasuke being involved in combat activities.

---

Sub Contents

• Yasuke was given a sword
• Yasuke was given the mansion
• Nobunaga's Order to Visit Koushuu
• Yasuke wielded a sword
• Yasuke was a master of the spear
• Yasuke was a master archer

---

This "Master Archer" is derived from an anecdote about "Tadasada Amara", who is described as "Kurobou", "Kurobouzu", and "Kuro-otoko".
This man was a military commander from Ueshu who became a vassal of Nobunaga Oda in 1568 after working for Kenshin Uesugi and Shingen Takeda.
His mastery of the bow is confirmed in "Shincyou Kouki" and "Tamonin Nikki". First of all, the anecdote about a bow competition, "a master of the bow", is also from 1568.

However, in some books, "Kurobou" is written falsification of a record as "Yasuke". Therefore, some people refer to the "Anecdote of Kurobou (Tadasada Amara)" as the "Anecdote of Yasuke".
IIn addition, someone "Kurobou" is mistake thought "Kurobou" meant "Black man", it can be confirmed that there are other books that falsify a record "Yasuke" as the name of Kurobou. Koshu Gunkan also mentions "Kurobou", but some books have changed the name to "Yasuke", leading to ridiculous theories such as "Yasuke served Shingen".

In primary historical sources, there is no mention of Yasuke being involved in combat activities.

---

Sub Contents

• Yasuke was given a sword
• Yasuke was given the mansion
• Nobunaga's Order to Visit Koushuu
• Yasuke wielded a sword
• Yasuke was a master of the spear
• Yasuke was a master archer

---

Many anecdotes about "Yasuke the Black man" are anecdotes about other people.
The following is a list of people whose anecdotes were changed to "Yasuke" in later editions or additions to historical documents.

---

Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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The senior Samurai who served Nobunaga as a teenager and was the foot soldier general at the Battle of Akatsuka (May 10, 1552).
Belongs to the Narita clan, so it is quite prestigious. In the famous cognate, there is Princess Kai.

▶ Sword-bearer
▶ Porters
▶ Master of the spear

There are several rewrites of Narita Yaroku as "Yasuke" (and some editions of "Shincyou Kouki" do this as well). Therefore, when "Yasuke" is mentioned, it is necessary to confirm the part by comparing it as much as possible with the version closest to the original and the surrounding historical documents.
This is probably where Ryotaro Shiba's "Shincyou Kouki" research book says that Yasuke was a master spearman.

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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Warlord in the service of Shingen, but served Nobunaga from 1568.

▶ Known as "Kurobou", "Kurobouzu", and "Kuro-Otoko" (1553-1582)
▶ A master archer (1568, 1582)
▶ Showed his bow (1568)
▶ Served under Shingen (1560-1568)
▶ Conquered Koushuu (1582)

The name "Kurobou" was rewritten as "Yasuke" by a person who mistook the description "Kurobou", "Kurobouzu", and "Kuro-Otoko" for "Black man" and spread the word. There are several books that have been rewritten as "Yasuke", so you should always go to the original or as close to the original as possible to find the part written as "Yasuke", and check whether it is "Kuroboi", "Kurobouzu", "Kuro-Otoko", or "Yaasuke" there.
By the way, in most of them, the name is only "Tadasada", but I think he is "Tadasada of Amara" and a member of the Obata in the Amara area.

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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The senior samurai named Sadakatsu Murai and governor of Kyoto.

▶ Went to inform Nobutada in the Honnouji incident (1582)
▶ Suggested that Nobutada move to the new Nijo Palace (1582)
▶ Holed up in Nijo Castle and fought (1582)

I believe this book is close to the truth because it was written in the year of the "Honnouji Incident". However, I cannot say for sure that it is reliable because the book is classified as a work of fiction.

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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This Samurai was Fourth son of Nobunaga and adopted of Hashiba.

▶ Delivers a message from Honnouji to Nobutada (1582)

It is in "Shincyou Kouki", but there is an anecdote that seems to have been created as an anecdote about Yasuke, which was created in Japan in reference to that anecdote, and then spread overseas.

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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Yaroku the porter in the 1560s records.

▶ Porter (1560s)
▶ Bow-bearer (1568)

I am not sure if this is Narita Yaroku, but he died after 1568, so it is probably someone else. Some people say, "This is proof that Yasuke was a porter", but the dates are so different.

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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Yaroku the "Ãæ´Ö:Cyuugen" in the Records of the Honnouji Incident and the Dead.

▶ Battle of the Honnouji Incident (1582)

He is sometimes confused with both "Yasuke" and "Yaroku Narita", but both parties are different people. The story that "Yasuke fought beside Nobunaga at the Honnouji incident" is about this "Yaroku the Cyuugen". Fróis apparently misheard it, or heard the name changed in a game of broken telephone.

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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Slave of black man baptized in Sakai in 1593.

▶ Baptized in Japan and given baptismal name (1593)
▶ Black man slave (1593)
▶ Slave brought on Portuguese merchant ship (1593)

By confusing anecdotes about this person, false anecdotes were created that Yasuke was "baptized in Japan" or "brought to Japan by Portuguese merchants" or "a black slave" and so on.

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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Slave brought to missionary Varignano in 1577.

▶ Asian Indian (1577)
▶ Slave brought by missionary (1577)

Based on the mistranslation "Valignano brought Yasuke from India" and the "Asian Indian slave Valignano had with him", Ryotaro Shiba wrote in their "research book of Shincyou Kouki" that "Yasuke was the son of an Asian Indian Priest".

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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It is no longer a person.
This is "kneaded incense", which has long been popular in Japan from Heian Period.

▶ Kurobou

Many military commanders in the Warring States period favored it, and it appears in various records, including those of Kenshin Uesugi and Kiyomasa Kato.
Some people who confuse "Kurobou" with "Black man" have made a fuss about it, saying that it is proof that warlords used Black men, but they are wrong. There are several books that have been rewritten as "Yasuke", so you should always go to the original or as close as possible to the original edition to find the part that says "Yasuke" and check if that is the "Kurobou".

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Sub Contents

• Yaroku Narita
• Tadasada Amara
• Harunaga Murai
• Hidekatsu Hashiba
• Yasuke the Porter
• Yaroku the Cyuugen(Ãæ´Ö)
• JOAN
• Asian Indian Slaves
• Kurobou

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