**** Lesson 08- Okesma Leciono ************************************************
Ordinal Numbers:---------------------------------------------------------------
In English these are slightly irregular.
From 'one' we get 'first', from 'two' - 'second', 'three' - 'third',
'four' - 'fourth', 'five' - 'fifth', and so on. In Ido all ordinal numbers
are regular; -esma is added to the cardinal number:
first - un + esma =unesma (1ma), second - duesma (2ma)
third - triesma (2ma), twentieth - duadekesma (20ma)
144th - cent e quaradek e quaresma (144ma)
Monati -
Months:------------------------------------------------------------------------
januaro [ja-nu-A-rro] - January
februaro [fe-bru-A-rro] - February
marto [MARR-to] - March
aprilo [a-PRI-lo] - April
mayo [MA-yo] - May
junio [JU-nyo] - June
julio [JU-lyo] - July
agosto [a-GOS-to] - August
septembro [sep-TEM-bro] - September
oktobro [ok-TO-bro] - October
novembro [no-VEM-bro] - November
decembro [de-CEM-bro] - December
Dates - Dati:------------------------------------------------------------------
(1) The word for 'of' - 'di' may be omitted, although we do not recommend
this style: la quaresma (di) mayo - The fourth of May.
(2) With dates 'esas/es' can mean 'it is'.
There is no need for an additonal word for 'it':
Esas/Es la dek e nonesma (di) junio - It's the nineteeth of June.
(3) 'Ye' is used for 'on' in expressions of time:
Ye la duadek e okesma di februaro - on the 28th of February.
Exempli:MP3
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It is the fifth of March. - Esas/Es la kinesma di marto.
It is the second of January. - Esas/Es la duesma di januaro.
Yesterday it was the fifth of July. - Hiere esis la kinesma di julio.
He was not here on the fifth of July. -
Ilu ne esis hike ye la kinesma di julio.
It will be the eighth of May tomorrow. - Esos morge la okesma di mayo.
It will be the ninth of June tomorrow. - Esos la nonesma di junio morge.
It was the seventh of August yesterday. - Esis la sepesma di agosto hiere.
My birthday was on the first of October. -
Mea nasko-dio esis ye la unesma di oktobro.
The letter came on the first of February. -
La letro venis ye la unesma di februaro.
The sun shone on the twentieth of November. -
La suno brilis ye la duadekesma di novembro.
The boys will not work on the fourth of April. -
La yunuli ne laboros ye la quaresma di aprilo.
My mother will come on the tenth of September. -
Mea matro venos ye la dekesma di septembro.
Vortifado:---------------------------------------------------------------------
-eri- (establishment where something is made or done, implied by the root,
though not necessarily manufacturing or producing it):
drinkerio - public house agenterio - agency (agento - an agent)
fabrikerio - factory (fabrikas - manufactures) lakterio - dairy
restorerio - restaurant rafinerio - refinery
chapelerio - hat factory distilerio - distillery
/Note/ -eri- and -ey- are sometimes confused. The former is an establishment,
the latter is a place, For example: imprimas - prints (verb)
imprimerio - printing works (including offices etc)
imprimeyo - the part of the works, the place/room where the printing
takes place
Vesti - Clothes:---------------------------------------------------------------
boto - boot, ganto - glove, kalzego - tights/pantyhose (US), kalzeto - sock,
kalzo - stocking, robo - dress, sharpo [SHARR-po]- scarf, shuo - shoe,
chapelo - hat, jaketo - (woman's) coat, kamizo - shirt, kravato - tie,
paltoto - (over)coat, pantalono - trousers, subvesto - under garment,
surtuto [surr-TU-to] - (long)coat, vestono - (man's) jacket, jupo - skirt,
jileto - waistcoat, korsajo [korr-SA-jo] - blouse, trikoturo - pullover,
manu-sako [MA-nu-SA-ko] - handbag, subjupo [SUB-JU-po] - slip,
kalsono - knickers/pants/(US)briefs/panties
Interrogative Pronouns (2): Accusative Form -----------------------------------
So far we have learnt: Qua? - Who, Qui? - Who?, Quo? - What?
Qua manjas? - Who is eating? Qui venis? - Who (plural) came?
Quo facas la bruiso? - What is making the noise?
In all the above examples the 'who' or 'what' is doing the action indicated by
the verb. However there are occasions when the 'who' or 'what' will in some
way receive the action: Whom do you see? What are you eating?
In these two sentences the 'you' is doing the action.
In the first one the 'whom' is receiving the action by being seen, and
in the second the 'what' is receiving the action by being eaten.
Just as 'who' in English takes an ending and becomes 'whom', so 'qua' and 'qui'
take an ending and become 'quan' and 'quin'.
However, although 'what' in English remains unchanged, 'quo' in Ido follows the
same pattern as 'quan' and 'quin', and becomes 'quon'.
The use of the accusative ending -n is to make it absolutely clear who is doing
the action and who is receiving it.
La viro quan vu vidis. - The man whom you saw.
Quin vu vidas? - Whom (plural) do you see?
Quon ilu dicis? - What did he say?
Me ne audis (to) quon ilu dicis. - I did not hear what he said.
Note that in this construction the English word order changes, and 'do' or
'does' may be inserted, but the Ido word order remains the same:
English: 'You see' becomes 'Whom do you see?' or 'What do you see?'
'You are eating' becomes 'What are you eating?'
Ido: 'Vu vidas' becomes 'Quan vu vidas?' or 'Quon vu vidas?'
'Tu manjas' becomes 'Quon tu manjas?'
Exempli:MP3
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Who sees me? - Qua vidas me?
Whom do I see? - Quan me vidas?
Who can see him? - Qua povas vidar ilu?
Whom can he see? - Quan ilu povas vidar?
What do you like? - Quon vu prizas?
What ate my shoes? - Quo manjis mea shui?
What is in the box? - Quo esas/es en la buxo?
What drank the milk? - Quo drinkis la lakto?
What are you cooking? - Quon vu koquas?
What is in the house? - Quo esas/es en la domo?
Who is eating the fish? - Qua manjas la fisho?
Who is eating the meat? - Qua manjas la karno?
Whom is the fish eating? - Quan la fisho manjas?
What is the bird eating? - Quon la ucelo manjas?
What did you give to them? - Quon vu donis a li?
What did you give to John? - Quon vu donis a John?
Who (plural) likes apples? - Qui prizas pomi?
Who (plural) likes the birds? - Qui prizas la uceli?
Whom (plural) have they seen? - Quin li vidis?
Whom (plural) did my friends see? - Quin mea amiki vidis?
Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
adreso - address, antea - previous, apud - next to, atesto - certificate,
bezonas - needs, biblioteko [bi-blyo-TE-ko] - library, bone - well,
brulis - burnt, centro - centre, cinemo - cinema, dil = di la - of the,
direte - directly, drinkerio [drin-KE-ryo] - pub, eventis - happened,
employo-agenterio - employment agency, fakte - in fact, homo - person,
hotelestro - hotel manager, hotelo - hotel, incendio - fire, kom - as,
incendio-domo - fire station, klerko - clerk, koquisto - cook,
laboro - work, lando - country/land, listo - list, livis - left (verb),
naskis - was born, onklulo - uncle, rejala - royal, evar - to be aged,
serchas [SERR-chas] - looks for, restorerio - restaurant, staciono - station,
tota - all/ the whole, vartez! - wait!, ye - at/in/on a precise place or time,
fairo [fa-I-ro] - fire, quanta? - how many? (N#4), quante? - how many? (N#4)
/Note/
1) 'Incendio' is a destructive fire, deliberate or accidental. There is
also 'fairo' which is fire in general, and sort found in the home.
2) 'Konocas' is 'knows' in the sense of 'being aquainted with'. Therefore
only used for to 'know a person or a place': Me konocas Mary.
'Savas' is used for to 'know a fact: Me savas ke ilu esas/es stupida.
3) 'Evar' is 'to be so many years old, to be aged so many years' as in
Me evas 51 (kinadek-e-un) yari. - I am 51 years old.
4) quanta? (adjective) - how many/much?, quante? (adverb) - how many/much?
Quanta homi mortis? - How many people have died?
Quante to kustas? - How much does this cost?
Quante vu evas? - How old are you?
Konversado:MP3
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---------- En la employo-agenterio (K=Klerko, A=Albert)-----------------------
K: Bon jorno, Sioro.
A: Bon jorno, Sioro. Me nomesas Albert Smith.
Me serchas laboro kom koquisto. Yen mea atesti.
K: Hm. Albert Smith. Yes. Quo esas/es vua adreso?
A: Me habitas ye kin, Couturat Strado.
K: Hm, yes. Quante vu evas?
A: Me evas triadek e sis yari.
K: Ed ube vu naskis? En ca lando?
A: Yes, me naskis en London.
K: Hm, yes. Ka vu havas familio?
A: Yes, me havas spozino e tri infanti.
Mea onklulo anke lojas en la domo kun ni.
K: Hm, yes. Pro quo vu livis vua antea laboro?
A: Incendio eventis en la koqueyo e la restorerio brulis.
Fakte la tota strado brulis.
K: Hm, hm, yes. Vartez! Me serchos laboro por vu en mea listi. Ha, yes!
Ka vu konocas la Rejala Hotelo? La hotelestro beznoas bona koquisto.
A: No, me ne konocas ol.
K: Hm. Ka vu konocas la centro dil urbo?
A: Me nur konocas la cinemo, la butiki, la biblioteko, e la drinkerii.
K: Ka vu konocas Nova Strado? La staciono esas/es en Nova Strado.
A: Yes.
K: Bone, en ta strado esas/es la Rejala Hotelo. Olu esas/es direte apud la incendio-domo.
Questioni:MP3
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01) Quale la koquisto nomesas? -> Ilu nomesas Albert Smith.
02) Ube ilu esas? -> Ilu esas en la employo-agenterio.
03) Quon ilu serchas? -> Ilu serchas laboro kom koquisto.
04) Qua parolas ad Albert? -> La klerko ibe.
05) Ube Albert habitas? -> Ilu habitas ye kin, Couturat Strado.
06) Quante ilu evas? -> Ilu evas triadek e sis yari.
07) Ube ilu naskis? -> Ilu naskis en London.
08) Albert havas quanta infanti? -> Ilu havas tri infanti.
09) Quanta homi rezidas che Albert? -> Sis homi rezidas ibe.
10) Quo eventis en la koqueyo dil restorerio? -> Incendio eventis.
11) Kad Albert konocas la Rejala Hotelo? -> No, ilu ne konocas.
12) Qua bezonas bona koquisto? -> La hotelestro di la Rejala Hotelo.
13) Quon ilu konocas en la centro dil urbo? -> La cinemo, la butiki etc.
14) Ube la staciono es? -> Olu esas en Nova Strado.
15) Quo esas/es direte apud la Rejala Hotelo? -> La incendio-domo esas ibe.
Homi - People:-----------------------------------------------------------------
viro - man (adult male), muliero - woman (adult female),
homo - human being/person, homino - female person, homulo - male person,
yuno - young person (adolescence upwards), yunino - young person (female),
yunulo - young person (male), geyuni - young persons (male and female),
puero - child (7 to adolescence), puerino - small girl, puerulo - small boy,
infanto - infant (up to 7 years), infantino - infant girl,
infantulo - infant boy, infanteto - baby
XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Januaro, februaro, marto, aprilo, mayo, junio, julio, agosto semblas OK.
Ma la sequantaji?
septembro (7-esma monato?) -> sepTemBRo - BofRonTo: bofronto [bo-FRON-to] 09
oktobro (8-esma monato?) -> oKTobRo - KuTuRato: kuturato [ku-tu-RA-to] 10
novembro (9-esma monato?) - NOvEMbro - zaMENOfo: zamenofo [za-me-NO-fo] 11
decembro (10-esma monato?) -> decembro - yar-exodo [ya-re-KSO-do] 12
Pluse en Ido la non planeti di la sunala sistemo esas:
Merkuro [mer-KU-ro]
Venuso [ve-NU-so]
Tero [TE-ro] : Gayia* [GAY-ia]
Kande onu kultivas la tero di sua gardeno, la tero esas tre mikra.
Kande oni kultivas la tero por la homaro, la tero esas tre granda.
La gayia* esas planeto ube trovesas Europa, Afrika, Amerika, Azia edc.
Marso [MAR-so]
Jupitero [ju-pi-TE-ro]
Saturno [sa-TUR-no]
Urano [u-RA-no]
Neptuno [nep-TU-no]
Plutono [plu-TO-no]
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