**** Lesson 11 - Dek e unesma Leciono *****************************************
Days of the week:--------------------------------------------------------------
Noun Form -> Adverbial Form: Another Form
lundio [LUN-dyo]- Monday: lundie/ ye lundio - on Monday(s)
mardio [MARR-dyo]- Tuesday: mardie/ ye mardio - on Tuesday(s)
merkurdio [merr-KURR-dyo]- Wednesday: merkurdie/ ye merkurdio - on Wednesday(s)
jovdio [JOV-dyo]- Thursday: jovdie/ ye jovdio - on Thursday(s)
venerdio [ve-NERR-dyo]- Friday: venerdie/ ye venerdio - on Friday(s)
saturdio [sa-TURR-dyo]- Saturday: saturdie/ ye saturdio - on Saturday(s)
sundio [SUN-dyo]- Sunday: sundie/ ye sundio - on Sunday(s)
Note that capital letters are not used for days or months in Ido.
Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
furtisto - thief, policestro - police chief, falar - to fall,
horlojeto - watch, de - of/from, envenar - to come in/enter
Exempli:MP3
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On Sunday we do not work. - Ye sundio ni ne laboras.
She likes Thursdays a lot. - Elu multe prizas mardii.
On Monday I went to London. - Lundie me iris a London.
He will not come on Monday. - Ilu ne venos ye lundio.
I stayed in bed on Thursday. - Me restis en lito jovdie.
On Wednesday I will go to Paris. - Merkurdie me iros a Paris.
Will you buy the food on Saturday? - Ka tu kompros la manjajo ye saturdio?
I was born on Friday, the eighth of May. -
Me naskis ye venerdio, la okesma di mayo.
They disappeared on Thursday in the cinema. -
Li desaparis ye jovdio en la cinemo.
On Monday a thief took the police chief's watch. -
Ye lundio furtisto pren-ganis la horlojeto di la policestro.
Time(1):-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Qua kloko es? - What time is it? Es tri kloki. - It's three o'clock.
Es un kloko. - It's one o'clock. Es non kloki. - It's nine o'clock.
Ye un kloko - At one o'clock. Ye sep kloki - At seven o'clock.
Note
(1) O'clock is expressed by 'kloko', which when used with any number above
one becomes 'kloki': un kloko, du kloki, tri kloki, etc.
(2) Ido often uses the 24-hour clock, duadek kloki - 8 o'clock (p.m.)
Exempli:MP3
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What time is it? - Qua kloko es?
It's three o'clock. - Es tri kloki.
You ate at five o'clock. - Vi manjis ye kin kloki.
No, he comes at nine o'colck. - No, ilu venas ye non kloki.
I began to work at seven o'clock. - Me komencis laborar ye sep kloki.
At ten o'clock I fell from my bed. - Ye dek kloki me falis de mea lito.
At two o'clock they found the cafe. - Ye du kloki li trovis la kafeerio.
Does the postman come at eight o'clock? -
Ka la letro-portisto venas ye ok kloki?
It was six o'clock when their daughter came in. -
Esis sis kloki kande lia filiino envenis.
At four o'clock, on Monday the thirtieth of August she was born. -
Ye quar kloki, lundie, la triadekesma di agosto elu naskis.
LA VOYAJO:MP3
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Me arivis a la staciono. La veturo haltis. Portisto advenis.
"Adube vu iras?" ilu questionis. "Me iras a Paris." me respondis.
"Ka vu havas vua bilieto?" - "No!" - "Venez komprar olu en la kontoro."
Me pagis la veturisto. Me donis ad ilu gratifikuro (tip).
"Hastez!" klamis la portisto. La treno departos sen vu."
"On devas vendar la bilieti plu rapide! Me volus komprar jurnalo.
Ube esas la jurnal-vendeyo? Ho no! Me perdabis mea monetuyo (purse)!"
Esas tri kloki. La treno departas. Mea kofro (trunk) esas en la pako-vagono.
Me dicis en la kordio a mea kofro: "Til la rivido!"
Relative Pronouns:-------------------------------------------------------------
Singular
la yunino QUA amoras me - the girl THAT (or WHO) loves me
la hundo QUA atakis me - the dog THAT (or WHICH) attacked me
Plural
la yunini QUI amoras me - the girls THAT (or WHO) love me
la hundi QUI atakis me - the dogs THAT (or WHICH) attacked me
/Note/
(1) Don't let the fact that there is more than one possibility in English
confuse you. WHO and WHICH can both be replaced by THAT.
(2) Take care not to confuse the relative pronouns with the interrogative
pronouns. (In questions QUO is used for WHAT, and QUA and QUI for WHO.)
(3) As can be seen from the above examples, when THAT is one person or
object then QUA is used, but when it is more than one then QUI must be
used.
As with the interrogarive pronouns,
if the THAT is having the action done to it by someone or something
in the second part of the sentence then an -n ending is added:
Singular
la yunino QUAN me amoras - the girl THAT (or WHOM) I love
la hundo QUAN me atakis - the dog THAT (or WHICH) I attacked
Plural
la yunini QUIN me amoras - the girls THAT (or WHOM) I love
la hundi QUIN me atakis - the dogs THAT (or WHICH) I attacked
(In these sentences above 'I' is doing the action to 'that'.)
/Note/
(4) In English it is very often possible to omit WHOM/THAT/WHICH:
The girl (that) I love. 'Quan' and 'quin' must never be omitted in Ido.
(5) There is also a conjunction 'ke' which means 'that'.
This is used when the action in the first verb does not directly affect
anyone or anything in the second part of the sentence:
He says that he is ill - Ilu dicas 'ke' ilu esas/es malada.
Exempli:MP3
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Quo eventis? - What happened?.
Qui parolis? - Who (plural) spoke?
Qua esas ibe? - Who is there?
Quin vu vidas? - Whom (plural) do you see?
Quon ilu dicis? - What did he say?
La viro qua parolis. - The man who spoke.
La viri qui parolis. - The men who spoke.
La viro quan vu vidis. - The man whom you saw.
La acidenti qui eventis. - The accidents that took place.
Me ne audis (to) quon ilu dicis. - I did not hear what he said.
Qua is also used as an adjective: Qua viro parolis? Which man spoke?
We will learn more about this in Lesson 12.
Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
avertar - to warn, avulo - grandfather, danjero - danger, kurar - to run,
kustar - to cost, lago - lake, linguo - language, mashino - machine,
navo - ship, oldo - old person, plura - several, posho - pocket,
pri - concerning/about, quante? - how much?, stacar - to be standing,
staceskar - to stand up, stranja - strange, tante - so
Exempli:MP3
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The girls he loves. - La yunini quin ilu amas.
The machine that I saw. - La mashino quan me vidis.
The girls that love him. - La yunini qui amas ilu.
The lakes that she likes. - La lagi quin elu prizas.
The doctor that lives here. - La mediko qua habitas hike.
The language that he speaks. - La linguo quan ilu parolas.
The old man who sleeps here. - La olda viro qua dormas hike.
The policeman that is running. - La policisto qua kuras.
The thief that is standing up. - La furtisto qua staceskas.
The car that the soldier bought. - La automobilo quan la soldato kompris.
Exempli:MP3
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The strange men who stood up were policemen. -
La stranja homi qui staceskis esis policisti.
The old man/woman who stood on the table fell. -
La oldo qua stacis sur la tablo falis.
The machine that he bought cost a lot of money. -
La mashino quan ilu kompris kustis multa pekunio.
I don't want to speak a language that is so ugly. -
Me ne deziras parolar linguo qua esas/es tante leda.
Her uncle who was born in Derby had several dogs. -
Elua onklulo qua naskis en Derby havis plura hundi.
Soon I shall visit my grandfather who lives in York. -
Balde me vizitos mea avulo qua habitas en York.
I will not run to my father who has fallen in the water. -
Me ne kuros a mea patro qua falis aden la aquo.
The ship that we wanted to see is going along the river. -
La navo quan ni deziris vidar iras alonge la rivero.
How much did the books cost that you have in your pocket? -
Quante kustis la libri quin tu havas en tua posho?
He warned the children who were swimming in the lake about the danger. -
Ilu avertis la yuni qui natis en la lago pri la danjero.
Ilu avertis la yuni pri la danjero, li-qui natis en la lago.
Countries:---------------------------------------------------------------------
So as to have a more international form, the names of countries and continents
are an exception to the rule that all singular nouns end with -o.
The Ido forms are modified from one of the following groups.
(1) A number of countries have an internationally known latinised form which
ends in -a or -ia:
Italia, Amerika, Yugoslavia, Austria, Andora, Angola, Chinia, Japonia.
(2) Many countries, including nearly all recent and emerging states are known
throughout the world by their national names and the stress falls on the
last syllable, as if those names would end with -ia:
Peru [pe-RU], Portugal [porr-tu-GAL], Pakistan [pa-kis-TAN]
Viet Nam [vyet-NAM], but Chili [CHI-li]
(3) Those countries ending in -land take normal -o ending, Finlando.
Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
aero - air, aranjar - to arrange, bone - okay, bonega - excellent,
explorar - to explore, gareyo - garage, Idisto - Idist, maro - sea,
monto - mountain, montrar - to show, natar - to swim, omno - everything,
opinionar - to think, pluvo - rain, propozar - to propose, restar - to stay,
to - that (pronoun), vakanco - holiday, vento - wind, vera - true
varmeta [varr-ME-ta] - mild/ luke warm, vidajo - view, voyajo - journey
quale (used before a sentence) - like/how, quala (before a noun) - as/like
Anglia - England, Dania [DA-nya] - Denmark, Hispania [his-PA-nya] - Spain,
Portugal - Portugal, Suedia [SWE-dya] - Sweden, Suisa [SWI-sa] - Swiss,
Suisia [SWI-sya] - Switzerland, Suisiano [swi-si-A-no] - Swiss
To Think:----------------------------------------------------------------------
pensar - to think = to use the brain:
Me pensas pri Jane. - I am thinking about Jane.
opinionar - to think = to be of a certain opinion:
Me opinionas ke elu esas/es bela. - I think that she is beautiful.
kredar - to believe can also be used:
Me kredas ke la buxo esas/es vakua. - I think/believe that the box is empty.
Konversado:MP3
-------- (P=Peter, M=Mary) ----------------------------------------------------
P: Adube ni iros dum la vakanco?
M: Ni certe ne restos en Anglia. Me ne prizas la pluvo e la vento. Me multe
preferas la suno. Ni iros a varma lando quala Hispania o Portugal.
P: Ta landi esas/es por me tro varma. Me preferas varmeta lando quala (ne quale)
Suedia o Dania. [quale on preferas ...] La vetero povas esar bonega ibe.
M: Quon tu opinonas pri voyajo en la monti? La fresha aero, la foresti,
la bela vidaji................
P: No, me preferas la maro. Me deziras natar (swim).
M: Ma, tu povas natar en la lagi (lakes).
P: To esas/es vera. Yes, bone, ni exploros (explore) la monti (mountains).
M: A qua lando ni iros?
P: Me propozas Suisia. Es multa Idisti en Suisia.
Multi de li esas/es bona amiki.
Me aranjos omno. La Suisiana Idisti montros a ni sua bela lando.
Questioni:MP3
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01) A qua Peter parolas? -> Ilu parolas a Mary.
02) Ka Mary prizas pluvo? -> No, elu ne prizas olu.
03) Quon elu preferas? -> Elu preferas la suno.
04) Ka Hispania esas/es kolda lando? -> No, olu esas/es varma lando.
05) Ube esas/es la fresha aero? -> Olu esas/es en la monti.
06) Ka Peter prizas natar? -> Yes, multe.
07) Quon Peter e Mary exploros? -> Li exploros la monti.
08) Adube li iros? -> Li iros a Suisa.
09) Qua aranjos la vakanco? -> Peter aranjos omno.
10) Qui montros Suisia a Peter e Mary? -> La Idisti di Suisia.
Generala Questioni:MP3
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01) Adube vu iros dum la vakanco? -> Me iros a Grekia.
02) Ka vu prizas la suno? -> Yes, nam me esas nordala Europano.
03) Ka la fresha aero esas/es bona por vu? -> Yes, tre bona por me.
04) Ka vu parolas multa lingui? -> Yes, me bezonas parolar multa lingui.
05) Ka vu havas botelo de lakto en vua posho? -> No, sur la tablo.
06) Ka sep e non esas/es dek? -> 7+9=10? No, to esas/es dek-e-sis.
07) Ka vua automobilo esas/es en la staciono od en la gareyo? -> En mea gareyo.
08) Ube vu sidas? -> En la berjero (arm-chair).
09) Ka vu intencas manjar balde? -> Yes, nam mea laboro nun fineskas.
10) Ka vu skribas a plura Idisti? -> Yes, specale ad Idisti en USA.
XXXXX << The unofficial world of Ido >> XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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Substantivo (di) verbo
En IdoListo me trovis la sequanta frazo. Ho, Lala!
Lu mustas per sua esforco komprenar traktar l'afero. --->
1.) Lu mustas, per sua esforco, komprenar traktar l'afero.
1.) Lu mustas komprenar traktar l'afero per sua esforco.
2.) Lu mustas, per sua esforco komprenar, traktar l'afero.
2.) Lu mustas traktar l'afero per sua esforco komprenar.
Me skribus en onua shui quale ....
1.) Lu mustas per sua esforco' komprenar traktar l'afero.
1.) Lu mustas komprenar traktar l'afero per sua esforco.
2.) Lu mustas per sua esforco di/por komprenar' traktar l'afero.
2.) Lu mustas traktar l'afero per sua esforco di/por komprenar.
Onu do bezonas 'di' od 'por' inter la substandivo e la verbo.
I found the chance to learn Ido.
1.) Me trovis la chanco lernar Ido.
2.) Me trovis la chanco di lernar Ido.
2.) Me trovis la chanco por lernar Ido.
I found the great chance to learn Ido.
1.) Me trovis la chanco granda lernar Ido.
2.) Me trovis la chanco granda di lernar Ido.
2.) Me trovis la chanco granda por lernar Ido.
I've had the chance in my life to learn Ido.
1.) Me trovis la chanco en mea vivo lernar Ido.
(chanco lernar Ido? / mea vivo lernar Ido?)
2.) Me trovis la chanco en mea vivo' di lernar Ido.
2.) Me trovis la chanco en mea vivo' por lernar Ido.
Onu do bezonas 'di' od 'por' inter la substandivo e la verbo.
Od...
Me trovis la libro ecitanta.
1.) Me trovis la libro (qua esas) ecitanta. =
1.) Me trovis la ecitanta libro.
2.) Me trovis la libro ke olu esas ecitanta. =
2.) Me trovis la fakto ke la libro esas ecitanta. =
2.) Me trovis la libro ye (= esar) ecitanta.
Onu do bezonas 'ye' inter la substandivo e la verbal adjektivo.
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