Ido-Skolo

Ye 12-Feb-2006 partale plubonigita da Sro Loi"c LANDAIS:

Vortifado:---------------------------------------------------------------------

des- (You can make the direct opposite of the root word with this suffix usually when no specific word exists): For example ...

facila - easy : desfacila - difficult neta - clean : desneta - dirty honoro - honour : deshonoro - dishonour ordino - order : desordino - disorder fortuno - fortune : desfortuno - misfortune helpo - help : deshelpo - hindrance When you don't know the direct opposite of the root word, you can make: bona - good : desbona - bad (mala) bela - beautiful : desbela - ugly (leda)

But you don't usually have to make the opposite words when they exist, unless for the rhetorical purposes.

bona - good : mala - bad // bela - beautiful : leda - ugly freque - frequently : rare - rarely // harda - hard : mola - soft chipa - cheap : chera - expensive // forta - strong : febla - weak richa - rich : povra - poor

Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
chipa - cheap, freque - frequently, forta - strong, harda - hard,
richa - rich, fortuno - fortune, helpo - help, honoro - honour,
neta - clean, ordino - oder

Exempli:MP3

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- (From the above vocabulary make words for the following):

expensive - deschipa (chera), rarely - desfreque (rare),
weak - desforta (febla), soft - desharda (mola), poor - desricha (povra)
misfortune - desfortuno, hindrance - deshelpo, dishonour - deshonoro,
dirty - desneta (sordida), disorder - desordino,

The Infinitive:----------------------------------------------------------------
Here are some examples of English verb infinitives: to eat, to sing, to clean.
As can be seen, English uses two words, to + whatever the verb happens to be.
Ido, however, uses only one word and indicates the infinitive by the ending

-ar: manjar - to eat, kantar - to sing, netigar - to clean

(Don't forget that with an infinitive the stress no longer falls on the

penultimate syllable, but is on the -ar itself: manjar', kantar').

Hidden Infinitives: Note that English does not always use the full infinitive,

occasionally dropping the 'to': 'I must go', 'I can go', which logically speaking should be 'I must to go', 'I can to go', on the same pattern as 'I want to go', and 'I try to go'. (Ido: Me mustas irar, me povas irar, me volas irar, me esforcas irar).

Three types of Infinitives:----------------------------------------------------
(bearing the accent or stress of voice on the last syllable -AR, -IR, -OR.)

The PRESENT INFINITIVE of verbs ends in -ar (accented):

kredar [kre-DARR] - to believe; donar [do-NARR] - to give

cf. The present tense ends in -as:

me kredas [KRE-das]. - I believe. Me donas [DO-nas]. - I give.

The PAST INFINITIVE ends in -ir (accented):

kredir [kre-DIRR] - to have believed; donir [do-NIRR] - to have given

cf. The past tense ends in -is:

Me kredis [KRE-dis]. - I believed./ I have believed. Me donis [DO-nis]. - I gave. / I have given.

The FUTURE INFINITIVE of verbs ends in -or (accented):

kredor [kre-DORR] - to be about to believe donor [do-NOR] - to be about to give

cf. The future tense ends in -os:

Me kredos [KRE-dos]. - I shall believe. Me donos [DO-nos]. - I shall give.

I remember meeting that man at Cambridge before.
Me memoras renkontrir ta viro che Cambridge antee.
(Me fakte renkontris ta viro che Cambridge.)

Did you remember to cancel tomorrow's meeting?
Ka vu memoris efacar la morga renkontro?
(= Ka vu memoris la devo di efacar la morga renkontro?)
(La questionanto ne savas ka lu fakte efacis o ne?)

Please remember to post the letters.
Pliz memorez enpostigor la letri.
(Onu eble enpostigos la letri.)

I'm sorry. I didn't remember to send the contract back.
Pardonez me. Me ne memoris retro'sendar la kontrato.
(Me ne memoris la devo di retro'sendar la kontrato.)

We have to remember to make reservations by the end of June.
Ni memorez facor rezervajo ante la fino di junio.
(Ni eble facos reservajo ante la fino di junio.)

Common Mistakes:---------------------------------------------------------------

(1) You cannot have two 's' endings together, such as 'El mustas iras', 'Il ne povis venas'. The second verb must be an infinitive: Elu mustas irar. Ilu ne povis venar. (2) Avoid the temptation to use 'a' or 'ad' with an infinitive. 'El volas ad iras' or 'El volas ad irar' is nonsense. The 'to' of 'She wants to go' is already conveyed by the -ar ending.

(On rare occasions 'por' may be used for 'to' where it really means 'in order

to': Me laboras por vivar. - I work (in order) to live. However this construction is not included in the following examples.)

Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
darfar - to be allowed to (may), esar - to be, esforcar - to try,
komprar - to buy, konduktar - to drive, mustar - to have to (must),
povar - to be able to (can), prizar - to like, regardas - to look at,
savar - to know, televiziono - television, volar - to want to/wish to

Exempli:MP3

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- I must go. - Me mustas irar.
You must come. - Vu mustas venar.
I want to know. - Me volas savar.
He cannot cook. - Ilu ne povas koquar.
He wants to know. - Ilu volas savar.
He must be good. - Ilu mustas esar bona.
He may have the dog. - Ilu darfas havar la hundo.
I can drive a lorry. - Me povas konduktar kamiono.
The doctor can't come. - La mediko ne povas venar.
My uncle wants to eat. - Mea onklulo volas manjar.
You may eat the apples. - Vi darfas manjar la pomi.
My sister likes to sing. - Mea fratino prizas kantar.
She is allowed to buy it. - Elu darfas komprar ol.
I tried to cook the meat. - Me esforcis koquar la karno.
I like to visit my sister. - Me prizas vizitar mea fratino.
I will try to write to you. - Me esforcos skribar a tu.
May he watch the television? - Kad ilu darfas regardar la televiziono?
The youth wants to buy this car. - La yunulo volas komprar ca automobilo.
They are trying to watch television. - Li esforcas regardar la televiziono.
We are not allowed to visit the sick boy/girl. -

Ni ne darfas vizitar la malada yuno.

Vortaro:-----------------------------------------------------------------------
an - at, arivar - to arrive, berjero - armchair, binoklo - spectacles,
chefa - main/chief, chino - Chinaman, dineo - dinner, agar - to do,
fairo [fa-I-ro] - fire, filiino - daughter, filiulo - son,
formulo - formula, forsar - to force, furioza - furious, ganar - to win,
ibe - there, ilua - his, kande - when, karto - card, lasta - last,
longa - long, lore - then, manuo - hand, nam - for, nivo - snow,
quale - as, romano - novel, sempre - always, trans - across, vere - really,
vers - towards, viro - man, ludar - to play, detektivo - detective,
komfortoza - comfortable, du kloki - two o'clock, misterioza - misterious,
pedbalono - football, pistolo - pistol, sekreta - secret,
sidar - to be sitting, siorino - Mrs., sideskar - to sit down,
de tempo a tempo - from time to time, rakonto - tale, vestibulo - hall,
sun-binoklo - sun glasses, tamen - however, cirkum - about,
sua - his/her/their own, dil = di la - of the

Rakonto por Infanti:MP3

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--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Hiere pos dineo me lektis romano a mea filiino qua evas dek yari.

Mea filiulo ne esis ibe. Ilu evas dek-e-quar yari e preferas ludar pedbalono kun sua amiki kam (than/to) askoltar (listening to) la romano.

Yen parto dil romano:
'Esis kolda nokto en la vintro e Siorino Gato esis en lito sub multa varma

kovrili. Tamen en la koqueyo la lampo brilis. Ibe, Henriko la filiulo di Siorino Gato, e la tri detektivi gardis sekreta formulo (formula). Henriko e Konor sidis an la tablo. Li ludis karti kun Adolfus, grosa gorilo qua portis(wore) sun-binoklo. De tempo a tempo Henriko manjis banano e Konor e la gorilo drinkis biro. Henriko esis furioza, nam, quale sempre, la gorilo ganis. La lasta detektivo qua esis magra chino e qua nomesis Wong, dormis en komfortoza berjero avan la fairo. Ma ye cirkum du kloki en la matino, misterioza viro venis trans la nivo vers la domo. Ilu forsis la chefa pordo, iris trans la longa vestibulo e lore apertis la pordo dil koqueyo. En sua manuo ilu havis pistolo.'

Questioni:MP3

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---------------------------------------------------------------------------
01) Ka la suno brilis? -> No, esis kolda nokto.
02) Ube Siorino Gato esis? -> Elu esis en lito sub multa varma kovrili.
03) Ube esis Henriko e Konor? -> Li esis en la koqueyo.
04) Quon la detektivi gardis? -> Li gardis sekreta formulo.
05) Quon li ludis? -> Du de li ludis karti.
06) Quo esis Adolfus? -> Lu esas grosa gorilo.
07) Qua portis (wore) sun-binoklo? -> Adolfus, grosa gorilo, portis olu.
08) Quon Henriko manjis de tempo a tempo? -> Ilu manjis banano.
09) Qui drinkis biro? -> Konor ed Adolfus.
10) Pro quo Henriko esis furioza? -> Nam ilu perdis la ludo.
11) Quale la chino nomesis? -> Lu nomesis Wong.
12) Quon Wong agis? -> Lu dormis.
13) Ube Wong esis? -> Lu esis en komfortoza berjero avan la fairo.
14) Kande la misterioza viro arivis? -> Ye cirkum du kloki en la matino.
15) Quale la viro venis en la domo? -> Ilu forsis la chefa pordo.
16) Quon ilu havis en sua manuo? -> Ilu havis pistolo en sua manuo.

Titles (abbreviations in brackets):---------------------------------------------
(1) Sioro (Sro) : Mr/Mrs/Miss/Master/Sir/Madam

In theory this can be used to address either a man or a woman, married or single, irrespective of age. For example in a business letter: Estimata Sioro - Dear Sir/Madam

(2) Siorulo (S-ulo) : Mr/Master/Sir

In practice this is not often used, Sioro being sufficient.

(3) Siorino (S-ino) : Mrs/Miss/Madam

In practice Sioro is not often used for women, Siorino being prefered. This is partly as a compliment to the female sex and partly to help distinguish between different members of the same family: Sro e S-ino Smith - Mr. and Mrs. Smith Any woman has the right to be addressed as Sioro, should she so desire it. Note that Siorino can refer to both married and single women.

(4) Damzelo (Dzlo) : Miss/ young lady : Should circumstances require it,

an unmarried lady may be addressed as damzelo: Damzelo Jones, Yen S-ino e Dzlo Smith - Here are Mrs. and Miss Smith. La damzelo (qua esas) ibe - The young lady over there.

(5) Damo : This cannot be used as a title to address somebody. It refers to a

married or widowed woman: La damo ibe - The lady over there.

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En la domo:--------------------------------------------------------------------
avana-chambro - front room, -> avan-chambro - somewhere in front of a room
avana-pordo - front door, -> avan-pordo - somewhere in front of a door
balno-chambro - bathroom, chambro - room, dopa-chambro - back room,
dopa-pordo - back door, dormo-chambro - bedroom, eskalero - stairs/staircase,
fenco -fence, fenestro - window, fluro - landing, gardeno - garden,
garden-pordo - gate, grado - step, koqueyo - kitchen, latrino - toilet/w.c.,
manjo-chambro - dining room, moblo - piece of furniture, plafono - ceiling,
planko-sulo - floor, pordo - door, salono - parlour/ sitting room,
tekto - roof, teraso - terrace, vestibulo - hall

La Homala Korpo - The Human Body:----------------------------------------------
head - kapo, hair (single strand) - haro, hair (collective) - hararo,
forehead - fronto, eye - okulo, eyebrow - brovo, ear - orelo, noze - nazo,
cheek - vango, beard - barbo, mouth - boko, lip - labio, tooth - dento,
tongue - lango, moustache - labio-barbo [LA-byo-BARR-bo],

neck - kolo, shoulder - shultro, chest - pektoro, back - dorso,
breast - mamo, belly - ventro, waist - tayo, hip - hancho,
muscle - muskulo, bone - osto, skin - pelo,

arm - brakio, upper arm - dopa-brakio [DO-pa-BRA-kyo], elbow - kudo,
forearm - avana-brakio [a-VA-na-BRA-kyo], wrist - karpo, hand - manuo,
thumb - polexo, finger - fingro,

leg - gambo, thigh - kruro, knee - genuo, shin - tibio, calf - suro,
ankle - pedo-kolo, foot - pedo, heel - talono, sole - plando,
big toe - haluxo, toe - ped-fingro


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