忘却からの帰還〜Intelligent Design

British Humanist Associationなどによれば、英国政府は既存及び今後開設される学校およびフリースクールでの創造論教育を禁じる措置を取った。

The Government has changed the rules to preclude all Academies and Free Schools, both those that already exist and those that will open in the future, from teaching pseudoscientific ideas such as creationism as scientifically valid. The changes have been made through extending an explicit ban to all future Academies and Free Schools, but also by clarifying that it believes the requirement to teach a broad and balanced curriculum means no existing Academies and Free Schools can teach pseudoscience either. The British Humanist Association (BHA) has welcomed the news as representing a significant step towards achieving one of its longstanding policy goals.

In 2012 the Government precluded all future Free Schools (i.e. those not already open) from teaching pseudoscience as science and required them to teach evolution, as well as requiring them to promote British values. However it decided not to extend these requirements to Academies, and these changes did not apply to Free Schools that already existed.

But in March the Government extended all of these rules to future stand-alone Academies (i.e. those not part of a multi-Academy trust that do not already exist), as well as introducing new rules to stop religious discrimination in Free Schools from extending beyond the areas of admissions, employment, RE and assemblies (i.e. into areas such as other parts of the curriculum, uniform or food policies).

Now the Government has also extended these rules to future Academies that are part of multi-Academy trusts, meaning all future Academies are covered by them. But in addition it has also introduced new clauses for Church Academies helpfully clarifying the meaning of creationism and the fact that it is a minority view within the Church of England and Catholic Church, but also stating that ‘the requirement on every academy and free school to provide a broad and balanced curriculum, in any case prevents the teaching of creationism as evidence based theory in any academy or free school.’

In other words, in the Government’s view, if an Academy or Free School teaches creationism as scientifically valid then it is breaking the requirement to provide a broad and balanced curriculum. As every Academy and Free School has this requirement in its funding agreement, the implication of this interpretation is that no Academy and Free School, existing or future, can teach pseudoscience.

[ Government bans all existing and future Academies and Free Schools from teaching creationism as science (2014/06/18) on British Humanist Associationz ]

英国教育省の規定は：

23E) The parties acknowledge that clauses 2.43 and 2.44 of the Funding Agreement apply to all academies. They explicitly require that pupils are taught about the theory of evolution, and prevent academy trusts from teaching 'creationism' as scientific fact.

両者はFunding Agreementの2.43と2.44はあらゆる学校機関に適用されることを認める。規定は学校機関が生徒に進化論を教えることを義務付け、創造論を科学的事実として教えることを禁じる。

23F) 'Creationism', for the purposes of clauses 2.43 and 2.44 of the Funding Agreement and clause 23E above, is any doctrine or theory which holds that natural biological processes cannot account for the history, diversity, and complexity of life on earth and therefore rejects the scientific theory of evolution. The parties acknowledge that Creationism, in this sense, is rejected by most mainstream Churches and religious traditions, including the major providers of state funded schools such as the [Anglican] [Catholic] Churches, as well as the scientific community. It does not accord with the scientific consensus or the very large body of established scientific evidence; nor does it accurately and consistently employ the scientific method, and as such it should not be presented to pupils at the Academy as a scientific theory.

Funding Agreementの2.43と2.44の目的及び上記23Eについて、創造論は「生命の歴史・耐用性・複雑さを自然な生物学的過程では説明できなず、したがって、進化の科学理論は否定される」という立場である。両者はこの意味で、創造論は、政府資金による学校の主要な管理者である国教会及びカトリックを含む大半の教会及び宗教的伝統と、科学界から否定されていると認める。創造論は科学的コンセンサスあるいは確立された科学的証拠の総体と調和していない。創造論は科学的方法を正しくかつ一貫して取り入れていない。したがって、学校で科学理論として創造論を提示してはならない。

23G) The parties recognise that the teaching of creationism is not part of prevailing practice in the English education system, but acknowledge that it is however important that all schools are clear about what is expected in terms of the curriculum which they need to provide. The parties further recognise that the requirement on every academy and free school to provide a broad and balanced curriculum, in any case prevents the teaching of creationism as evidence based theory in any academy or free school.

両者は、創造論教育が英国学校制度における一般的慣行にはないと認め、学校が生徒に提供すべきカリキュラムに期待されるものを明確にしていることが重要だと認める。さらに両者は、すべての学校機関・フリースクールで広範かつバランスのとれたカリキュラムを提供することが義務付けられ、創造論を証拠に基づく理論として教えることを禁じられていることを認める。

23H) The Secretary of State acknowledges that clauses 2.43 and 2.44 of the Funding Agreement, and clauses 23E and 23G above do not prevent discussion of beliefs about the origins of the Earth and living things, such as creationism, in Religious Education, as long as it is not presented as a valid alternative to established scientific theory.

政府はFunding Agreementの2.43と2.44及び、上記23Eと23Gは、確立された科学理論の代替理論として提示しない篝、宗教教育において、創造論のような地球と生命の起源についての信条についての議論を妨げないことを認める。

[ Department of Education:"Church supplemental agreement: single model" ]

英国教育省のfunding agreement(資金供与契約)の2.43及び2.44は:

2.43. The Academy Trust must publish on the Academy’s website information about its curriculum, including:
a) the content of the curriculum;
b) its approach to the curriculum;
c) where applicable, the names of any phonics or reading schemes in operation for Key Stage 1;
d) where applicable, the GCSE options and other Key Stage 4 qualifications, or other future qualifications specified by the Secretary of State, offered by the Academy; and
e) how parents (including parents of prospective pupils) can obtain more information about the Academy’s curriculum.

2.44. The Academy Trust must not allow any view or theory to be taught as evidence-based if it is contrary to established scientific or historical evidence and explanations. This clause applies

[フリースクールを管理する]アカデミートラストは、確立された科学的あるいは歴史的証拠と説明に反した見方や理論を証拠に基づくものとして教えてはならない。
[ Department of Education:"Mainstream academy and free school: single model funding agreement" (2014/06)

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