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The Sons of God Saw the Daughters of Men That They Were Fair, by Daniel Chester French

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And it came to pass when the children of men had multiplied that in those days were born unto them beautiful and comely daughters. And the angels, the children of the heaven, saw and lusted after them, and said to one another: "Come, let us choose us wives from among the children of men and beget us children." And Semjaza, who was their leader, said unto them: "I fear ye will not indeed agree to do this deed, and I alone shall have to pay the penalty of a great sin." And they all answered him and said: "Let us all swear an oath, and all bind ourselves by mutual imprecations not to abandon this plan but to do this thing." Then sware they all together and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it. And they were in all two hundred; who descended in the days of Jared on the summit of Mount Hermon, and they called it Mount Hermon, because they had sworn and bound themselves by mutual imprecations upon it ...[47]

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Certain wise men of old wrote concerning them, and say in their [sacred] books that angels came down from heaven and mingled with the daughters of Cain, who bare unto them these giants. But these [wise men] err in what they say. God forbid such a thing, that angels who are spirits, should be found committing sin with human beings. Never, that cannot be. And if such a thing were of the nature of angels, or Satans, that fell, they would not leave one woman on earth, undefiled ... But many men say, that angels came down from heaven, and joined themselves to women, and had children by them. This cannot be true. But they were children of Seth, who were of the children of Adam, that dwelt on the mountain, high up, while they preserved their virginity, their innocence and their glory like angels; and were then called 'angels of God'. But when they transgressed and mingled with the children of Cain, and begat children, ill-informed men said, that angels had come down from heaven, and mingled with the daughters of men, who bear them giants.

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References
  1. Kosior, Wojciech (22 May 2018), "The Fallen (Or) Giants? The Gigantic Qualities of the Nefilim in the Hebrew Bible", in Waligórska, Magdalena; Kohn, Tara (eds.), Jewish Translation – Translating Jewishness, De Gruyter, pp. 17–38, doi:10.1515/9783110550788-002, ISBN 978-3110550788
  2. "Nephilim". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 6 November 2020.
  3. Kosior, Wojciech (2010). "Synowie bogów i córki człowieka. Kosmiczny 'mezalians' i jego efekty w Księdze Rodzaju 6:1–6". Ex Nihilo. Periodyk Młodych Religioznawców (in Polish). 1 (3) 2010: 73–74. English version of the paper (translated by Daniel Kalinowski) is available at the Internet Archive. {{cite journal}}: External link in |postscript= (help)
  4. New American Bible, footnotes p. 1370, referring to verse 6. "The angels too, who did not keep to their own domain but deserted their proper dwelling, he has kept in eternal chains, in gloom, for the judgement of the great day. Likewise, Sodom and Gomorrah, and the surrounding towns, which, in the same manner as they, indulged in sexual promiscuity and practiced unnatural vice, serve as an example by undergoing a punishment of eternal fire."
  5. Later Judaism and almost all the earliest ecclesiastical writers identify the "sons of God" with the fallen angels; but from the fourth century onwards, as the idea of angelic natures becomes less material, the Fathers commonly take the "sons of God" to be Seth's descendants and the "daughters of men" those of Cain. Jerusalem Bible, Genesis VI, footnote.
  6. "The Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of the nobles would come to the daughters of man, and they would bear for them; they are the mighty men, who were of old, the men of renown." Genesis 6:4 (chabad.org translation)
  7. "ANF06. Fathers of the Third Century: Gregory Thaumaturgus, Dionysius the Great, Julius Africanus, Anatolius, and Minor Writers, Methodius, Arn". Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  8. Doedens, J. J. T. (2019). The Sons of God in Genesis 6:1–4: Analysis and History of Exegesis. Brill. pp. 75–76. ISBN 978-9004395909. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
  9. Pentateuch. Jewish Publication Society. 1917.
  10. "Numbers 13:33". Retrieved 9 February 2024.
  11. For the view that "Nephilim" appear explicitly in Ezekiel 32, see Hendel, Ronald S. "Of Demigods and the Deluge: Toward an Interpretation of Genesis 6:1–4". Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. 106, no. 1, 1987, p. 22. JSTOR 3260551.
  12. For the view that the term "Nephilim" does not appear explicitly in Ezekiel 32:27, but that a related word is used to deliberately refer to the traditions about Nephilim, see Doak, Brian R. "Ezekiel's Topography of the (Un-)Heroic Dead in Ezekiel 32:17–32". Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. 132, no. 3, 2013, pp. 607–624. JSTOR 23487889.
  13. Brown, Francis; Driver, S. R.; Briggs, Charles A. (1907). A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. p. 658
  14. Girdlestone, Robert Baker (1871). Synonyms of the Old Testament: their bearing on Christian faith and practice. Princeton Theological Seminary Library. London, England: Longmans, Green. p. 91.
  15. Hendel, Ronald (2004). "The Nephilim were on the Earth: Genesis 6:1–4 and its ancient Near Eastern context". In Auffarth, Christoph; Stuckenbruck, Loren T. (eds.). The Fall of the Angels. Brill. pp. 21–34. ISBN 978-9004126688.
  16. Marks, Herbert (Spring 1995). "Biblical naming and poetic etymology". Journal of Biblical Literature. 114 (1): 21–42. doi:10.2307/3266588. JSTOR 3266588.
  17. Van Ruiten, Jacques (2000). Primaeval History Interpreted: The rewriting of Genesis I–II in the Book of Jubilees. Brill. p. 189. ISBN 978-9004116580.
  18. Wright, Archie T. (2005). The Origin of Evil Spirits: The reception of Genesis 6.1–4 in early Jewish literature. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-3161486562.
  19. The Greek translation reads '¦Ï¦É ¦Â¦É¦Á¦É¦Ï¦É; the singular root ¦Â¦É¦Á¦É¦Ïς means "violence" or "forcible" (Liddell & Scott, eds. (1883). Greek–English Lexicon. New York, Harper – via Internet Archive (archive.org).
  20. Stackhouse, Thomas (1869). A History of the Holy Bible. Blackie & Son. p. 53.
  21. Salvesen, Alison (1998). "Symmachus readings in the Pentateuch". Origen's Hexapla and Fragments: Papers presented at the Rich Seminar on the Hexapla, Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, 25 [July] – 3 August 1994. Mohr Siebeck. p. 190. ISBN 978-3161465758. The rendering he fell upon, attacked [in Symmachus, Genesis 6:6] is something of a puzzle ... If it has been faithfully recorded, it may be related to the rendering of Aquila for the Nephilim in 6:4, ¦Ï¦É ¦Å¦Ð¦É¦Ð¦É¦Ð¦Ó¦Ï¦Í¦Ó¦Åς.
  22. Wright, George Ernest (1938). "Troglodytes and Giants in Palestine". Journal of Biblical Literature. 57 (3): 305–309. doi:10.2307/3259820. JSTOR 3259820 – via JSTOR.
  23. Doak, Brian R. (2011). "The Last of the Rephaim: Conquest and Cataclysm in the Heroic Ages of Ancient Israel". Harvard University – via Digital Commons at George Fox University.
  24. Toorn, Karel van der; Becking, Bob; Horst, Pieter Willem van der (1999). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 72–74. ISBN 978-0-8028-2491-2.
  25. Toorn, Karel van der; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem (1999). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-8028-2491-2.
  26. White, Ellen (2023). "Who Are the Nephilim?". Biblical Archaeology Society. Archived from the original on 27 August 2023.
  27. Wyatt, Nicolas (2001). Space and Time in the Religious Life of the Near East. A&C Black. ISBN 978-0-567-04942-1.
  28. Wyatt 2001.
  29. "Genesis 6 in parallel Hebrew–English format". Mechon Mamre.
  30. Hess, Richard (1997) [1992]. "Nephilim". In Freedman, David Noel (ed.). The Anchor Bible Dictionary. New York: Doubleday.
  31. Coxon, P. W. (1999). "Nephilim". In van der Toorn, K.; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem (eds.). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. William B. Eerdmans. p. 619. ISBN 978-0802824912.
  32. Zimmerli, W. (1983). Ezekiel: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel, Chapters 25–48. Hermeneia. Translated by Martin, J. D. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Fortress. pp. 168, 176.
  33. Hendel, Robert S. (1987). "Of demigods and the deluge: Towards an interpretation of Genesis 6:1–4". Journal of Biblical Literature. 106 (1): 22. doi:10.2307/3260551. JSTOR 3260551.
  34. van der Toorn, Karel; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem, eds. (1999). Dictionary of Deities and Demons in the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802824912. Retrieved 5 June 2015 – via Google Books.
  35. Doak, Brian R. (2013). "Ezekiel's topography of the (un-)heroic dead in Ezekiel 32:17–32". Journal of Biblical Literature. 132 (3): 622. doi:10.2307/23487889. JSTOR 23487889.
  36. Hansen, William F. (2005). Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-530035-2.
  37. Gabriel Said Reynolds (2018). The Qur'an and the Bible: Text and Commentary. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300181326. p. 256.
  38. Patrick Hughes (1995). Dictionary of Islam. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-8120606722. p. 140.
  39. Miguel Asin Palacios (2013). Islam and the Divine Comedy. Routledge. ISBN 978-1134536504. p. 105.
  40. The author does not present this episode as a myth nor, on the other hand, does he deliver judgment on its actual occurrence; he records the anecdote of a superhuman race simply to serve as an example of the increase in human wickedness which was to provoke the Flood. Jerusalem Bible, Genesis 6, footnote.
  41. Matthew 22:30
  42. Bob Deffinbaugh, "The Sons of God and the Daughters of Men", Genesis: From Paradise to Patriarchs
  43. S. Heiser, Michael (2021). "Who Are the Nephilim and What Is Their Origin?". Logos.
  44. Swete, Henry Barclay (1901). The Old Testament in Greek according to the Septuagint. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. 9. Greek text: '¦Ïἱ ¦Ôἱ¦Ïὶ ¦Ó¦Ïῦ ¦¨¦Å¦Ïῦ'
  45. Stewart, Don (2023). "Who Were the Sons of God and the Daughters of Men?". Blue Letter Bible.
  46. Guzik, David (2018). "GENESIS 6 – MAN'S WICKEDNESS; GOD CALLS NOAH". Enduring Word.
  47. Carnahan, Timothy R. "Book 1: Watchers". Academy for Ancient Texts. Retrieved 14 August 2012.
  48. R. H. Charles, A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Revelation of St John, p. 239. "He may be Uriel, if it is legitimate to compare 1 Enoch xx. 2, according to which he was the angel set over the world and Tartarus (ὁ ἐ¦Ðὶ ¦Ó¦Ïῦ ¦Êό¦Ò¦Ì¦Ï¦Ô ¦Ê¦Áὶ ¦Ó¦Ïῦ ¦³¦Á¦Ñ¦Óά¦Ñ¦Ï¦Ô). In 1 Enoch, Tartarus is the nether world generally."[verification needed]
  49. https://www.logos.com/grow/where-do-demons-come-fr...
  50. van Ruiten, J. T. A. G. M. (20 May 2022). Primaeval History Interpreted: The Rewriting of Genesis 1–11 in the Book of Jubilees. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-49806-8.
  51. "1.9 In 'He comes with ten thousands of His holy ones' the text reproduces the Masoretic of Deut. 33² in reading אָתָא = ἔ¦Ñ¦Ö¦Å¦Ó¦Á¦É, whereas the three Targums, the Syriac and Vulgate read אִתֹּה = ¦Ì¦Å¦Ó' ¦Áὐ¦Ó¦Ïῦ. Here the LXX diverges wholly. The reading אתא is recognised as original. The writer of 1–5 therefore used the Hebrew text and presumably wrote in Hebrew." R. H. Charles, Book of Enoch: Together with a Reprint of the Greek Fragments, London 1912, p.lviii
  52. "We may note especially that 1:1, 3–4, 9 allude unmistakably to Deuteronomy 33:1–2 (along with other passages in the Hebrew Bible), implying that the author, like some other Jewish writers, read Deuteronomy 33–34, the last words of Moses in the Torah, as prophecy of the future history of Israel, and 33:2 as referring to the eschatological theophany of God as judge." Richard Bauckham, The Jewish world around the New Testament: collected essays. 1999 p. 276
  53. "The introduction ... picks up various biblical passages and re-interprets them, applying them to Enoch. Two passages are central to it The first is Deuteronomy 33:1 ... the second is Numbers 24:3–4."[verification needed] Michael E. Stone, Selected studies in pseudepigrapha and apocrypha with special reference to the Armenian Tradition (Studia in Veteris Testamenti Pseudepigrapha No 9) p. 422.
  54. e.g. Michael Green, The second epistle general of Peter, and the general epistle of Jude, p. 59
  55. James L. Kugel, Traditions of the Bible: A Guide to the Bible As It Was at the Start of the Common Era (ISBN 978-0674791510)[page needed]
  56. "Kitãb Al-Magāll or the Book of the Rolls. One of the books of Clement". Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  57. Commentary in Genesis 6:3
  58. Rick Wade, Answering Email, "The Nephilim". Archived 31 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  59. "The 'Holy Angels'". Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, Sunday Schools Department. Archived 27 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Amharic)
  60. The Amharic text of Henok 2:1–3 (i.e. 1 En) in the 1962 Ethiopian Orthodox Bible may be translated as follows: "After mankind abounded, it became thus: And in that season, handsome comely children were born to them; and the Offspring of Seth, who were upon the Holy Mount, saw them and loved them. And they told one another, 'Come, let us choose for us daughters from Cain's children; let us bear children for us.'"
  61. e.g. Peake's commentary on the Bible 1919
  62. Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon p. 658; Strong's H5307
  63. Reed, Annette Y. ""Fallen Angels and the Afterlives of Enochic Traditions in Early Islam"". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)[permanent dead link]
  64. Amira El-Zein Islam, Arabs, and Intelligent World of the Jinn Syracuse University Press 2009 ISBN 978-0815650706 p. 35
  65. Mikkelson, David (20 January 2019). "Are These Giant Human Skeleton Photographs Real?". Snopes. Retrieved 3 May 2023.
  66. Library of Universal Knowledge. Vol. 7. American book exchange. 1880. p. 64.
  67. Bondeson, Jan (1997). "Giants in the Earth". A Cabinet of Medical Curiosities. Cornell University Press. p. 72. doi:10.7591/9781501733451-005. ISBN 978-1501733451. S2CID 194301745.
  68. Rigal, Laura (2001). American Manufactory: Art, Labor, and the World of Things in the Early Republic. Princeton University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-0691089515.
  69. Rose, Mark (November–December 2005). "When Giants Roamed the Earth". Archaeology. 58 (6). Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  70. Feder, Kenneth L. (1995). Frauds, myths, and mysteries : science and pseudoscience in archaeology. Mayfield Pub. OCLC 604139167.
  71. "Nephilim". MTG Wiki. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  72. "Antarktos Rising". Amazon.
  73. "Nephilim Roleplaying". Chaosium.

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